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Optimization of process conditions for drying of catfish(Clarias gariepinus)using response Surface Methodology(rSM)

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第1期8卷 46-52页

作者： Elijah george Ikrang Kingsley Charles Umani Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of UyoUyoAkwa Ibom StateNigeria Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of EngineeringAkwa Ibom State UniversityMkpat EninAkwa Ibom StateNigeria

Drying is applied to lower the moisture content of fish to a level that can prevent the growth of mould and infestation of micro-organism and thus minimizes microbial *** goal of this work was to optimize the process conditions during electrical oven drying of *** content(MC)was quantitatively investigated during the drying process of catfish sizes using response surface methodology(rSM)to obtain minimum moisture *** independent process variables for the drying process were temperature(50–70◦C),product thickness(10–20 mm),salt concentration(0–20%)and drying time(480–600 min.).Two factorial interaction(2FI)regression model describing the effects of independent drying process variables on the moisture content was *** effects of temperature and drying time were more pronounced for MC than the thickness and salt *** optimum conditions were found to be temperature=63.43◦C,product thickness=14.81 mm,salt concentration=9.07%and drying time=600 *** these optimum conditions,moisture content was found to be 2.64%*** of experimental results with the empirical model was evaluated using coefficient of correlation(r2)which was found for the model equation as,r2=0.994.

关键词： Optimization Oven drying Drying parameters Catfish response surface methodology

C-peptide as a key risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第32期24卷 3663-3670页

作者： Amporn Atsawarungruangkit Jirat Chenbhanich george Dickstein Department of Medicine MetroWest Medical CenterFraminghamMA 01702United States Department of Medicine Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMA 02111United States

AIM To determine whether fasting C-peptide is an independent predictor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in United States *** Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) 1988-1994, NAFLD participants aged 20 or greater without any other liver diseases were included in this study. Excessive alcohol intake is defined as > 2 drinks per day for males and > 1 drink per day for females. C-peptide and 27 other factors known to be associated with NAFLD(e.g., age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference, race/ethnicity, liver chemistries, and other diabetes tests) were tested in both univariate and multivariate level using logistic regression with a P-value *** Of 18825 participants aged ≥ 20, 3235 participants(n = 3235) met inclusion criteria. There were 23 factors associated with NAFLD by univariate analysis. 9 factors, ranked by the highest change in pseudo r2, were found to be significant predictors of NAFLD in multivariate model: waist circumference, fasting C-peptide, natural log of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), total protein, beingMexican American, natural log of glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride level, being non-Hispanic white, and ferritin level. CONCLUSION Together with waist circumference and ALT, fasting C-peptide is among three most important predictors of NAFLD in United States population in the NHANES data set. Further study is needed to validate the clinical utility of fasting C-peptide in diagnosis or monitoring insulin resistance in NAFLD patients.

关键词： Insulin resistance Fatty liver Hepatosteatosis Metabolic syndrome C-peptide

Structure and regeneration status of mangrove patches along the estuarine and coastal stretches of Kerala, India

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Journal of Forestry research 2019年第2期30卷 507-518页

作者： Grinson george P.Krishnan K.G.Mini S.S.Salim P.ragavan S.Y.Tenjing r.MuruganANDam S.K.Dubey A.Gopalakrishnan r.Purvaja r.ramesh ICAr-Central Marine Fisheries research Institute National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management Ministry of EnvironmentForest and Climate Change Department of Aquatic Environment Management Faculty of Fishery Sciences West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences

This study presents the structural characteristics and regeneration potential of mangrove patches in the estuarine and coastal areas of Kerala, a tropical maritime state in India. Field surveys were carried out at 46 selected sites during August 2015 to May 2016. In each site, the vegetative structure and regeneration status were assessed using the quadrat method. Altogether 219 quadrates were laid out and a total of 13 true mangrove species, belonging to 5 families and 8 genera, were recorded. The total tree density and stand basal area of the study region was1678.08/ha and 20.33 m^2/ha respectively. The low basal areas indicate the reduced structural development in mangroves. Of the 13 tree species, Avicennia constitutes 56%of the total Important Value Index(IVI) and Avicennia officinalis represents 41% of the IVI in Kerala, followed by Avicennia marina(15%), rhizophora mucronata(15%),Sonneratia alba(8%) rhizophora apiculata(7%) and Excoecaria agallocha(7%). The diameter at breast height(DBH) in the study area revealed that 47% of the tree species came under the 1–10 cm DBH class. Total sapling and seedling density in Kerala was 2238.35 and 3232.42 individuals/ha respectively. Density of young plants(seedlings ? saplings) was only 31% greater of tree density and varied from 3–63%, which indicates poor regeneration potential. The Maturity index value(MIV) and complexity index(Ic) value of mangroves were 18.30 and 109.81 respectively. However, the low Ic value(\ 10) observed in seven out of ten coastal districts indicated poor structural development of mangroves in Kerala. Therefore, locationspecific conservation and management measures, guided by the knowledge on spatial distribution and habitat requirements of mangrove varieties should be taken to preserve the mangrove diversity of Kerala.

关键词： Tree density Complexity Quadrat survey Maritime regeneration

The Janus of mIS in hepatobiliary surgery:Importance of maximally invasive surgery in an era of minimally invasive surgery

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第5期19卷 409-410页

作者： Maria r.Baimas-george Christoph Tschuor John B.Martinie David A.Iannitti Erin H.Baker Dionisios Vrochides Division of HPB Surgery Department of SurgeryAtrium Health-Carolinas Medical Center1025 Morehead Medical DriveSuite 600CharlotteNC 28204USA

As surgeons formidably continue to forge into the twentytwenties,after a considerably coronavirus-induced rocky start,one can predict that the era of minimally invasive surgery(mIS),an era of robotics,telehealth,and enhanced recovery after surgery(ErAS■),is not only here to stay but will continue to thrive,develop,and transform our *** of robotics platforms would be hard pressed not to indulge in this *** the satisfyingly large midline“stem to stern”,the impressing exposuregenerating Makuuchi or transverse abdominal,the Kocher,paramedian,McBurney,Chevron,and Pfannenstiel incisions begin to disappear and fade away into a scar minimizing future precluding trauma laparotomies?Most likely *** and developing the skill and technique for a minimally invasive“mIS”approach does not negate or abrogate the maximally invasive“MIS”*** is not one or the other;not a“to be or not to be”Shakespearean *** surgery is a qualified landscape upon which to illuminate and exemplify this declaration:the necessity and companionship of“mIS”and“MIS”–minimally and maximally invasive surgery.

关键词： surgery maximal continue

Prognostic impact of the Bismuth-Corlette classification:Higher rates of local unresectability in stageⅢb hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第2期19卷 157-162页

作者： Michael J Passeri Maria r Baimas-george Jesse K Sulzer David A Iannitti John B Martinie Erin H Baker Lee M Ocuin Dionisios Vrochides Division of HPB Surgery Department of SurgeryCarolinas Medical Center1025 Morehead Medical Dr.Suite 600CharlotteNC 28204USA

Background:The Bismuth-Corlette(BC)classification is used to categorize hilar cholangiocarcinoma by proximal extension along the biliary *** the right hepatic artery crosses just behind the left bile duct,we hypothesized that BCⅢb tumors would have a higher likelihood of local unresectability due to involvement of the contralateral ***:A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma taken to the operating room for intended curative resection between April 2008 and September *** were assigned BC stages based on preoperative ***:Sixty-eight patients were included in the *** underwent staging laparoscopy after which 16 cases were aborted for metastatic *** the remaining 52 cases,14 cases were explored and aborted for locally advanced ***-eight underwent attempt at curative *** exclud-ing cases aborted for metastatic disease,the chance of proceeding with resection was 55.6%for BCⅢb staged lesions compared to 80.0%of BCⅢa lesions and to 82.4%for BCⅠ-Ⅲa staged lesions(Pre aborted for locally advanced disease versus 17.6%of remaining BC ***:When hilar cholangiocarcinoma is preoperatively staged as BCⅢb,surgeons should antici-pate higher rates of locally unresectable disease,likely involving the right hepatic artery.

关键词： Bismuth-Corlette stage Cholangiocarcinoma Biliary tract surgical procedures Biliary tree Liver surgery

Hexachlorobenzene Episode in Turkey

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1989年第1期2卷 36-43页

作者： AYHAN GOCMEN HENrY A.PETErS DErEK J.CrIPPS george T.BrYAN CArL r.MOrrIS Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine University of Hacettepe 06100 Ankara Turkey Center for Health Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53706 International Chemical Consultants Alexandria Virginia 22312

During the period 1955-1959, approximately 4000 people in southeast Anatolia developed porphyria due to the ingestion of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a fungicide added to wheat seedlings. These HCB exposures subsequently led to the development of bullae on sun-exposed areas, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, and porphyrinuria. The condition was called kara yara or 'black sore.' Many of the breast-fed children under the age of 2 years whose mothers had ingested HCB-treated grain died from a disease known as pembe yara or 'pink sore.' In this follow-up study of 252 patients, 20-30 years postexposure, there were 162 males and 90 females, with an average current age of 35.7 years, an average of onset of 7.6 years, and a duration of 2.2 years. Many patients had dermatologic, neurologic, and orthopedic symptoms and signs. The observed clinical findings include scarring of the face and hands (83.7％), hyperpigmentation (65％), hypertrichosis (44.8％), pinched facies (40.1％), painless arthritis (70.2％), small hands (66.6％), sensory shading (60.6％), myotonia (37.9％), cogwheeling (41.9％), enlarged thyroid (34.9％), and enlarged liver (4.8％). Urine and stool porphyrin levels were determined in all patients, and 17 have at least one of the porphyrins elevated. A total of 56 specimens of human milk obtained from mothers with porphyria were analyzed for HCB. The average value was 0.51 ppm in HCB-exposed patients compared to 0.07 ppm in unexposed controls. Offspring of mothers with three decades of HCB-induced porphyria appear normal. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： Hexachlorobenzene Episode in Turkey HCB

Error Control in Multi-Element Generalized Polynomial Chaos Method for Elliptic Problems with random Coefficients

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第2期5卷 793-820页

作者： Xiaoliang Wan george Em Karniadakis Division of Applied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA

We develop the theory for a robust and efficient adaptive multi-element generalized polynomial chaos(ME-gPC)method for elliptic equations with random coefficients for a moderate number(O(10))of random *** employ loworder(p≤3)polynomial chaos and refine the solution using adaptivity in the parametric *** first study the approximation error of ME-gPC and prove its *** subsequently generate local and global a posteriori error *** order to resolve the error equations efficiently,we construct a reduced space using much smaller number of terms in the enhanced polynomial chaos space to capture the errors of ME-gPC *** on the a posteriori estimators,we propose and implement an adaptive ME-gPC algorithm for elliptic problems with random *** results for convergence and efficiency are also presented.

关键词： Stochastic PDE a posteriori error estimate elliptic problems adaptive numerical methods uncertainty quantification

Phenolics,tannins,flavonoids and anthocyanins contents influenced antioxidant and anticancer activities of rubus fruits from Western Ghats,India

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第1期8卷 73-81页

作者： Kasipandi Muniyandi Elizabeth george Saikumar Sathyanarayanan Blassan P.george Heidi Abrahamse Suman Thamburaj Parimelazhagan Thangaraj Bioprospecting Laboratory Department of BotanyBharathiar UniversityCoimbatoreTamil Nadu 641046India Department of Botany Mar Thoma CollegeChungatharaKerala 679334India Laser research Centre Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of JohannesburgP.O.Box 17011Doornfontein 2028South Africa

rubus fruits are rich in nutrition with a wide range of phytochemical and consumed by humans,but many of its wild varieties are not commercially *** exploration of these wild fruits could improve the commercial usage of these rubus *** study focuses to analyze the phytochemical,antioxidant and cytotoxicity of three wild rubus ellipticus,*** and *** fruits comparatively,which has not *** in vitro antioxidant studies indicated the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of studied rubus species competent in scavenging different stable and generated *** correlation and regression analysis also statistically supported the contents in the extracts could act against various *** between phytochemical constituent and radical scavenging activity found to be highly *** results acquired from this investigation revealed that they are equally competent and could be recommended as dietary supplements or as nutraceuticals.

关键词： Anticancer Antioxidant Flavonoids Nutraceuticals Phenolics

Functional genomics studies on the innate immunity of disease vectors

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Insect Science 2008年第1期15卷 15-27页

作者： Luke A. Baton Lindsey Garver Zhiyong Xi george Dimopoulos W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Malaria Research Institute Bloomberg School of Pubfic Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA

The increasing availability of genome sequences and the development of highthroughput techniques for gene expression profiling and functional characterization are transforming the study of innate immunity and other areas of insect biology. Already, functional genomic approaches have enabled a quantum advance in the characterization of mosquito immune responses to malaria parasite infection, and similar high-throughput functional genomic studies of other vector-pathogen interactions can be expected in the near future. The application of microarray-based and other expression analyses provide genomewide transcriptional profiles that can be used to identify insect immune system components that are differentially regulated upon exposure to various classes of pathogens, including many important etiologic agents of human and animal diseases. The role of infection-responsive or other candidate immune genes identified through comparative genomic approaches can then be functionally characterized, either in vivo, for instance in adult mosquitoes, or in vitro using cell lines. In most insect vectors of human pathogens, germ-line transgenesis is still technically difficult and maintenance of multiple transgenic lines logistically demanding. Consequently, transient rNA interference （rNAi）-mediated gene-silencing has rapidly become the method of choice for functional characterization of candidate innate immune genes. The powerful combination of transcriptional profiling in conjunction with assays using rNAi to determine gene function, and identify regulatory pathways, together with downstream cell biological approaches to determine protein localization and interactions, will continue to provide novel insights into the role of insect innate immunity in a variety of vector-pathogen interactions. Here we review advances in functional genomics studies of innate immunity in the insect disease vectors, over the past decade, with a particular focus on the Anopheles mosquito and its respo

关键词： Anopheles genomics innate immunity insect mosquito malaria microarray,parasite Plasmodium rNA interference transcriptomics transgenesis vector