Hexachlorobenzene Episode in Turkey

作     者：AYHAN GOCMEN HENRY A.PETERS DEREK J.CRIPPS GEORGE T.BRYAN CARL R.MORRIS 

作者机构：Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine University of Hacettepe 06100 Ankara Turkey Center for Health Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53706 International Chemical Consultants Alexandria Virginia 22312 

出 版 物：《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 (生物医学与环境科学（英文版）)

年 卷 期：1989年第2卷第1期

页      面：36-43页

核心收录：

学科分类：0830[工学-环境科学与工程（可授工学、理学、农学学位）] 1004[医学-公共卫生与预防医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Hexachlorobenzene Episode in Turkey HCB 

摘      要：During the period 1955-1959, approximately 4000 people in southeast Anatolia developed porphyria due to the ingestion of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a fungicide added to wheat seedlings. These HCB exposures subsequently led to the development of bullae on sun-exposed areas, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, and porphyrinuria. The condition was called kara yara or black sore. Many of the breast-fed children under the age of 2 years whose mothers had ingested HCB-treated grain died from a disease known as pembe yara or pink sore. In this follow-up study of 252 patients, 20-30 years postexposure, there were 162 males and 90 females, with an average current age of 35.7 years, an average of onset of 7.6 years, and a duration of 2.2 years. Many patients had dermatologic, neurologic, and orthopedic symptoms and signs. The observed clinical findings include scarring of the face and hands (83.7％), hyperpigmentation (65％), hypertrichosis (44.8％), pinched facies (40.1％), painless arthritis (70.2％), small hands (66.6％), sensory shading (60.6％), myotonia (37.9％), cogwheeling (41.9％), enlarged thyroid (34.9％), and enlarged liver (4.8％). Urine and stool porphyrin levels were determined in all patients, and 17 have at least one of the porphyrins elevated. A total of 56 specimens of human milk obtained from mothers with porphyria were analyzed for HCB. The average value was 0.51 ppm in HCB-exposed patients compared to 0.07 ppm in unexposed controls. Offspring of mothers with three decades of HCB-induced porphyria appear normal. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.