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Characterization of two α4/7-conotoxins,Mrl.1 and Lpl.4,as novel antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

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Characterization of two α4/7-conotoxins,Mrl.1 and Lpl.4,as ...

Characterization of a novel alpha4/4-conotoxin,Qc1.2,from vermivorous Conus quercinus

第九届中国生物毒素学术研讨会

作者： Tanya Sanders geoffrey chew Edward Hawrot Department of Molecular Pharmacology.Physiology and Biotechnology Brown Medical SchoolProvidenceRhode Island 02912USA

＜正＞α-Conotoxins from cone snails are small disulfide-constrained peptides that act as potent and selective antagonists on specific subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors（nAChRs）.We recently identified two conopeptides in venom duct mRNA and muscle tissue genomic DNA from the South China Sea species,Mr1.1 from the molluscivorous Conus marmoreus and Lp1.4 from the vermivorous Conus *** have the typical 4/7-type framework characteristic of the subfamily ofα-conotoxins that act on neuronal-type *** two toxins were chemically synthesized and folded into the globular disulfide isomer through different oxidative approaches. Functional studies were carried out in oocytes expressing various nAChRs and with a rat model of inflammatory *** synthetic Mr1.1 primarily inhibited ACh-evoked currents reversibly in the ratα7 receptor,whereas Lp1.4 s unexpectedly a specific blocker of the mouse fetal muscleα1β1γδ*** the two toxins share low-affinity inhibition of nAChRs at high toxin concentrations,their unique receptor recognition profiles make them valuable tools for studying the toxin-receptor *** 1.1 was also shown to potently suppress the inflammatory response to pain in vivo,suggesting that it should be further investigated with respect to the molecular role of Mr1.1 in analgesia and its mechanism or therapeutic target for the treatment of pain.

关键词： Conus α4/7-conotoxins nicotinic acetylcholine receptors analgesia

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Characterization of a novel alpha4/4-conotoxin,Qc1.2,from ve...

Characterization of two α4/7-conotoxins,Mrl.1 and Lpl.4,as novel antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

第九届中国生物毒素学术研讨会

作者： Tanya Sanders geoffrey chew Edward Hawrot Department of Molecular Pharmacology Physiology and BiotechnologyBrown Medical SchoolProvidenceRhode Island 02912USA

＜正＞Theα4/4-conotoxin first identified in a vermivorous Conus speices, designated Qc1.2,was originally obtained by cDNA and genomic DNA cloning from Conus quercinus collected in the South China *** predicted mature toxin of Qc1.2 contains 14 amino acid residues with two disulfide bonds（Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅱ-Ⅳconnectivity） in a native globular *** mature peptide of Qc1.2 is supposed to contain an N-terminal posttranslationally processed pyroglutamate residue and a free carboxyl *** peptide was chemically synthesized and refolded for further characterizing its function *** synthetic Qc1.2 has two interconvertible conformations in aqueous solution,which may due to the cis-trans isomerization of the two successive Pro residues in its first cysteine *** the Xenopus oocyte heterologous expression system,Qc1.2 was shown to selectively inhibit both rat neuronalα3β2 andα3β4 subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with low potency.A block of approximately 63%and 37%of the ACh-evoked currents was observed,respectively,and the toxin dissociated rapidly from the *** to other characterizedα-conotoxin members,the unusual structural features in Qc1.2 that confer to its receptor recognition profile are addressed.

关键词： nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes α4/4-conotoxins posttranslational modification Xenopus oocytes

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Characterization of two α4/7-conotoxins,Mrl.1 and Lpl.4,as ...

Robust interface and excellent as-built mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V fabricated through laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder and wire

第九届中国生物毒素学术研讨会

作者：彭灿陈伟华 Tanya Sanders geoffrey chew Edward Hawrot 戚正武郭占云 Institute of Protein Research Tongji University Department of Molecular Pharmacology Physiology and BiotechnologyBrown Medical SchoolProvidence Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institute for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

＜正＞α-Conotoxins are small disulfide-constrained peptides that act as potent and selective antagonists on specific subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors（nAChRs）.We previously cloned twoα-conotoxins,Mr1.1 from the molluscivorous Conus marmoreus and Lp1.4 from the vermivorous Conus *** of them have the typical 4/7-type framework of the subfamily ofα-conotoxins that act on neuronal *** this work,we chemically synthesized the two toxins and characterized their functional *** synthetic Mr1.1 could primarily inhibit acetylcholine （ACh）-evoked currents reversibly in the oocyte-expressed ratα7 nAChR,whereas Lp1.4 was unexpectedly a specific blocker of the mouse fetal muscleα1β1γδreceptor. Although their inhibition affinities were relatively low,their unique receptor recognition profiles make them valuable tools for toxin-receptor interaction studies. Mr1.1 could also suppress the inflammatory response to pain in vivo,suggesting that it should be further investigated with respect to the molecular role of Mr1.1 in analgesia and its mechanism or therapeutic target for the treatment of pain.

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 154-168页

作者： Fei Weng Guijun Bi Youxiang chew Shang Sui Chaolin Tan Zhenglin Du Jinlong Su Fern Lan Ng Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong Engineering&Technology Research Center for Superhard MaterialSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061China Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510095China Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 5 Cleantech Loop636732Singapore

The feasibility of manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V samples through a combination of laser-aided additive manufacturing with powder(LAAM_(p))and wire(LAAM_(w))was explored.A process study was first conducted to successfully circumvent defects in Ti-6Al-4V deposits for LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w),*** the optimized process parameters,robust interfaces were achieved between powder/wire deposits and the forged substrate,as well as between powder and wire *** characterization results revealed the epitaxial prior β grains in the deposited Ti-6Al-4V,wherein the powder deposit was dominated by a finerα′microstructure and the wire deposit was characterized by lamellar α *** mechanisms of microstructure formation and correlation with mechanical behavior were analyzed and *** mechanical properties of the interfacial samples can meet the requirements of the relevant Aerospace Material Specifications(AMS 6932)even without post heat *** fracture occurred within the interfacial area,further suggesting the robust *** findings of this study highlighted the feasibility of combining LAAM_(p) and LAAM_(w) in the direct manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V parts in accordance with the required dimensional resolution and deposition rate,together with sound strength and ductility balance in the as-built condition.

关键词： laser-aided additive manufacturing powder deposition wire deposition interfacial characteristic mechanical behavior

Quantitative Analysis of the Silk Moth＇s Chemical Plume Tracing Locomotion Using a Hierarchical Classification Method

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2014年第2期11卷 268-281页

作者： Jouh Yeong chew Daisuke Kurabayashi Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 152-8552 Tokyo Japan

The silk moth （Bombyx mori） exhibits efficient Chemical Plume Tracing （CPT）, which is ideal for biomimetics. However, there is insufficient quantitative understanding of its CPT behavior. We propose a hierarchical classification method to segment its natural CPT locomotion and to build its inverse model for detecting stimulus input. This provides the basis for quantitative analysis. The Gaussian mixture model with expectation-maximization algorithm is used first for unsupervised classification to decompose CPT locomotion data into Gaussian density components that represent a set of quantified elemental motions. A heuristic behavioral rule is used to categorize these components to eliminate components that are descriptive of the same motion. Then, the echo state network is used for supervised classification to evaluate segmented elemental motions and to compare CPT locomotion among different moths. In this case, categorized elemental motions are used as the training data to estimate stimulus time. We successfully built the inverse CPT behavioral model of the silk moth to detect stimulus input with good accuracy. The quantitative analysis indicates that silk moths exhibit behavioral singularity and time dependency in their CPT locomotion, which is dominated by its singularity.

关键词： biomimetics recognition learning and adaptive systems chemical plume tracing quantitative analysis

Modeling fluid–particle interaction in dilute-phase turbulentliquid–particle flow simulation

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 150-160页

作者： Kunn Hadinoto Jia Wei chew School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA

The present work examines the predictive capability of a two-fluid CFD model that is based on the kinetic theory of granular flow in simulating dilute-phase turbulent liquid-particle pipe flows in which the inter- stitial fluid effect on the particle fluctuating motion is significant. The impacts of employing different drag correlations and turbulence closure models to describe the fluid-particle interactions （i.e. drag force and long-range interaction） are examined at both the mean and fluctuating velocity levels. The model pre- dictions are validated using experimental data of turbulent liquid-particle flows in a vertical pipe at different particle Reynolds numbers （Rep 〉 400 and Rep 〈 400）, which characterize the importance of the vortex shedding phenomenon in the fluid-phase turbulence modulation. The results indicate that （1） the fluctuating velocity level predictions at different Rep are highly sensitive to the drag correlation selec- tion and （2） different turbulence closure models must be employed to accurately describe the long-range fluid-particle interaction in each phase. In general, good agreement is found between the model predic- tions and the experimental data at both the mean and fluctuating velocity levels provided that appropriate combinations of the drag correlation and the turbulence closure model are selected depending on Rep. 2009 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Slurry flowLiquid-particle flowKinetic theory of granular flowDrag correlationTurbulence

Challenges and Opportunities in the Practice of Chinese Medicine in Singapore

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第6期30卷 483-488页

作者： chew Sin Yee National University Hospital Singapore119074Singapore

According to the World Health Oranization(WHO)Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023,traditional medicine is defined as"the sum total of the knowledge,skill and practices based on the theories,beliefs,and experiences indigenous to different cultures,whether explicable or not,used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention,diagnosis,improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness.

关键词： theories prevention diagnosis

Vector Addition Theorem and Its Diagonalization

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第2期3卷 330-341页

作者： W.C.chew Faculty of Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kongand Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801-2918USA.

The conventional vector addition theorem is written in a compact *** a new and succinct derivation of the vector addition theorem is presented thatis as close to the derivation of the scalar addition theorem. Newly derived expressionsin this new derivation are used to diagonalize the vector addition theorem. Thediagonal form of the vector addition theorem is important in the design of fast algorithmsfor computational wave physics such as computational electromagnetics andcomputational acoustics.

关键词： Addition theorem vector field fast algorithm electromagnetic theory.

Exercise promotes recovery after motoneuron injury via hormonal mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1373-1376页

作者： Cory chew Dale R.Sengelaub Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University

Injuries to spinal motoneurons manifest in a variety of forms,including damage to peripheral axons,neurodegenerative disease,or direct insult *** injuries produce a variety of negative structural and functional changes in both the directly affected and neighboring *** is a relatively simple behavioral intervention that has been demonstrated to protect against,and accelerate recovery from,these negative *** this article,we describe how exercise is neuroprotective for motoneurons,accelerating axon regeneration following axotomy and attenuating dendritic atrophy following the death of neighboring *** both of these injury models,the positive effects of exercise have been found to be dependent on gonadal hormone *** we describe a model in which exercise,hormones,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor might all interact to produce neuroprotective effects on motoneuron structure following neural injury.

关键词： axon regeneration axotomy dendritic morphology exercise hormones neuroprotection neurotrophins