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The relationship between sleep disorders and testosterone in men

Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 262-265,I0009,I0010页

作者： gary Wittert Discipline of Medicine and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's health University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia Australia.

Plasma testosterone levels display circadian variation, peaking during sleep, and reaching a nadir in the late afternoon, with a superimposed ultradian rhythm with pulses every 90 min reflecting the underlying rhythm of pulsatile luteinizing hormone （Lh） secretion. The increase in testosterone is sleep, rather than circadian rhythm, dependent and requires at least 3h of sleep with a normal architecture. Various disorders of sleep including abnormalities of sleep quality, duration, circadian rhythm disruption, and sleep-disordered breathing may result in a reduction in testosterone levels. The evidence, to support a direct effect of sleep restriction or circadian rhythm disruption on testosterone independent of an effect on sex hormone binding globulin （ShBG）, or the presence of comorbid conditions, is equivocal and on balance seems tenuous. Obstructive sleep apnea （OSA） appears to have no direct effect on testosterone, after adjusting for age and obesity. however, a possible indirect causal process may exist mediated by the effect of OSA on obesity. Treatment of moderate to severe OSA with continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） does not reliably increase testosterone levels in most studies. In contrast, a reduction in weight does so predictably and linearly in proportion to the amount of weight lost. Apart from a very transient deleterious effect, testosterone treatment does not adversely affect OSA. The data on the effect of sleep quality on testosterone may depend on whether testosterone is given as replacement, in supratherapeutic doses, or in the context abuse. Experimental data suggest that testosterone may modulate individual vulnerability to subjective symptoms of sleep restriction. Low testosterone may affect overall sleep quality which is improved by replacement doses. Large doses of exogenous testosterone and anabolic/androgenic steroid abuse are associated with abnormalities of sleep duration and architecture.

关键词： obesity obstructive sleep apnea shift work sleep restriction testosterone

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Chemodynamics of heavy metals in long-term contaminated soils:Metal speciation in soil solution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第11期21卷 1532-1540页

作者： Kwon-Rae Kim gary Owens Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation University of South Australia Climate Change & Agroecology Division Department of Agricultural Environment National Academy of Agricultural Science

The concentration and speciation of heavy metals in soil solution isolated from long-term contaminated soils were investigated. The soil solution was extracted at 70% maximum water holding capacity （MWhC） after equilibration for 24 h. The free metal concentrations （Cd^2＋, Cu^2＋, Pb^2＋, and Zn^2＋） in soil solution were determined using the Donnan membrane technique （DMT）. Initially the DMT was validated using artificial solutions where the percentage of free metal ions were significantly correlated with the percentages predicted using MINTEQA2. however, there was a significant difference between the absolute free ion concentrations predicted by MINTEQA2 and the values determined by the DMT. This was due to the significant metal adsorption onto the cation exchange membrane used in the DMT with 20%, 28%, 44%, and 8% mass loss of the initial total concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in solution, respectively. This could result in a significant error in the determination of free metal ions when using DMT if no allowance for membrane cation adsorption was made. Relative to the total soluble metal concentrations the amounts of free Cd^2＋（3%-52%） and Zn^2＋（11%-72%） in soil solutions were generally higher than those of Cu^2＋（0.2%-30%） and Pb^2＋（0.6%-10%）. Among the key soil solution properties, dissolved heavy metal concentrations were the most significant factor governing free metal ion concentrations. Soil solution ph showed only a weak relationship with free metal ion partitioning coefficients （Kp） and dissolved organic carbon did not show any significant influence on Kp.

关键词： Donnan membrane technique free metal ion heavy metals partitioning coefficient solubility speciation

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An efficient approach for solving mixed-integer programming problems under the monotonic condition

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Journal of Control and Decision 2016年第1期3卷 44-67页

作者： Mikhail A.Bragin Peter B.Luh Joseph h.Yan gary A.Stern Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA Southern California Edison RosemeadCAUSA

Many important integer and mixed-integer programming problems are difficult to solve.A representative example is unit commitment with combined cycle units and transmission capacity *** transitions within combined cycle units are difficult to follow,and system-wide coupling transmission capacity constraints are difficult to *** example is the quadratic assignment *** presence of cross-products in the objective function leads to *** this study,building upon the novel integration of surrogate Lagrangian relaxation and branch-and-cut,such problems will be solved by relaxing selected coupling *** of the relaxed problem will be assumed and exploited and nonlinear terms will be dynamically *** linearity of the resulting problem will be exploited using *** achieve fast convergence,guidelines for selecting stepsizing parameters will be *** method opens up directions for solving nonlinear mixed-integer problems,and numerical results indicate that the new method is efficient.

关键词： integer monotonic programming mixed-integer monotonic programming branch-and-cut surrogate Lagrangian relaxation

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Some Oscillatory Singular Integrals on herz-type Spaces (Ⅱ)

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2002年第3期18卷 365-376页

作者： gary Sampson Department of Mathematics Auburn University AuburnAL 36849-5310USA

In this paper, the authors prove that some oscillatory singular integral operators of non-convolution type with non-polynomial phases are bounded from the herz-type hardy spaces to the herz spaces and from the hardy spaces associated with the Beurling algebras to the Beurling algebras in higher dimensions, even though it is well-known that these operators are not bounded from the hardy space h1(Rn) into the Lebesgue spaceL1(Rn).

关键词： Oscillatory singular integral phase Lebesgue space herz space Beurling algebra hardy space

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Iron-Catalysed C(sp^(2))-h Borylation with Expanded Functional Group Tolerance

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第24期40卷 2875-2881页

作者： Luke Britton Jamie h.Docherty gary S.Nichol Andrew P.Dominey Stephen P.Thomas EaStChEM School of Chemistry University of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FJ United Kingdom GSK Medicines Research Centre StevenageSG12NY United Kingdom

Arene C(sp^(2))-h bond borylation offers direct and efficient access to aryl boronic *** in situ catalyst activation and photoirradiation,the iron-catalysed C(sp^(2))-h borylation reaction of carboarenes,pyrroles,and indoles has been developed using only bench-stable pre-catalysts and *** functional group tolerance was observed including those not reported using previous methods(ArNh_(2),ArOh,ArSiR_(3),ArP(O)(O)_(2),ArC(O)NR_(2)).Mechanistic studies revealed iron-catalysed reductive deoxygenation,C—F protodefluorination,and a demethylation of aryl methyl ethers by C—O sigma bond hydroboration.

关键词： Iron Earth-abundant C-h borylation Boron Photochemistry

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Interfacial Strategies for Smart Slippery Surfaces

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 633-643页

作者： Glen Mchale Rodrigo Ledesma-Aguilar gary George Wells Smart Materials&Surfaces Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE18STUK

The problem of contact line pinning on surfaces is pervasive and contributes to problems from ring stains to ice *** we provide a single conceptual framework for interfacial strategies encompassing five strategies for modifying the solid-liquid interface to remove pinning and increase droplet *** biomimetic strategies are included,(i)reducing the liquid-solid interfacial area inspired by the Lotus effect,(ii)converting the liquid-solid contact to a solid-solid contact by the formation of a liquid marble inspired by how galling aphids remove honeydew,and(iii)converting the liquid-solid interface to a liquid-lubricant contact by the use of a lubricant impregnated surface inspired by the Nepenthes Pitcher *** further strategies are,(iv)converting the liquid-solid contact to a liquid-vapor contact by using the Leidenfrost effect,and(v)converting the contact to a liquid-liquid-like contact using slippery omniphobic covalent attachment of a liquid-like coating(SOCAL).Using these approaches,we explain how surfaces can be designed to have smart functionality whilst retaining the mobility of contact lines and ***,we show how droplets can evaporate at constant contact angle,be positioned using a Cheerios effect,transported by boundary reconfiguration in an energy invariant manner,and drive the rotation of solid components in a Leidenfrost heat *** conceptual framework enables the rationale design of surfaces which are slippery to liquids and is relevant to a diverse range of applications.

关键词： superhydrophobicity SLIPS liquid marbles leidenfrost SOCAL

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Spermatids do it differently! Paip2a--the essential regulator of spermiogenesis？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 122-124页

作者： Eileen A McLaughlin gary R hime ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia

The mechanisms underpinning the latter stages of spermiogenesis are poorly understood and male germ cells have been presumed to extensively employ post-tran- scriptional regulatory machinery,

关键词： .Spermatids Paip translational activation RNA-binding

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Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第6期8卷 I0002-I0002,2821-2854页

作者： Shanze Chen Abdullah F.U.h.Saeed Quan Liu Qiong Jiang haizhao Xu gary Guishan Xiao Lang Rao Yanhong Duo Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory DiseaseShenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseShenzhen People’s Hospital(The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityThe First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen518020China Department of Cancer Biology Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical CenterLos AngelesCA91010USA Department of Laboratory Medicine Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital(Nanshan Hospital)Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518052China Department of Respiratory The First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalianChina Institute of Biomedical health Technology and Engineering Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen518132China Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology(MTC)Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Macrophages exist in various tissues,several body cavities,and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and *** possess binary M1/M2 macrophage polarization settings,which perform a central role in an array of immune tasks via intrinsic signal cascades and,therefore,must be precisely *** crucial questions about macrophage signaling and immune modulation are yet to be *** addition,the clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophages is becoming more widely recognized as significant progress has been made in understanding their ***,they are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment,playing a part in the regulation of a wide variety of processes including angiogenesis,extracellular matrix transformation,cancer cell proliferation,metastasis,immunosuppression,and resistance to chemotherapeutic and checkpoint blockade ***,we discuss immune regulation in macrophage polarization and signaling,mechanical stresses and modulation,metabolic signaling pathways,mitochondrial and transcriptional,and epigenetic ***,we have broadly extended the understanding of macrophages in extracellular traps and the essential roles of autophagy and aging in regulating macrophage ***,we discussed recent advances in macrophages-mediated immune regulation of autoimmune diseases and ***,we discussed targeted macrophage therapy to portray prospective targets for therapeutic strategies in health and diseases.

关键词： becoming polarization Macrophages

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Criteria influencing the selection and design of hV and UhV DC cables in new network applications

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high Voltage 2018年第2期3卷 90-95页

作者： Gian Carlo Montanari Peter h.F.Morshuis Mingyu Zhou gary CStevens Alun SVaughan Zhengyi han Duo Li University of Bologna BolognaItaly Solid Dielectric Solutions LeidenThe Netherlands Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Europe Gmbh BerlinGermany Gnosys Global Ltd GuildfordUK ECS University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

This study sets out to discuss the challenges that need to be addressed effectively to facilitate the adoption of long distance high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage direct current(UhVDC)power transmission *** in the alternating current case,the desire to minimise the losses has involved the use of increasingly high transmission voltages,which presents particular problems where UhVDC cables are ***,this study presents the case for a novel,integrated approach to the problem,which links three distinct aspects of the problem,namely:(i)cable ratings and network operability;(ii)cable design and constituent insulating material requirements;and(iii)potential strategies for the design of novel insulation materials,where the required properties are actively‘designed in’.The study concludes that the impact of these factors acting in concert on network operation/performance requires a more integrated approach to the problem than has traditionally been the case.A number of complementary strategies for the development of novel material technologies and UhVDC cable designs are required that can meet the service performance and ultimate service lifetimes expected for new network applications.

关键词： network service cable

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油气田水套加热炉

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天然气工业 2002年第1期22卷 80-84页

作者： gary h.Palmer Paula Wendland 张华岩加拿大马龙尼公司

水套加热炉是油气田上广泛使用的油气加热设备.随着油气价格的不断上涨和对环境保护要求的日趋严格,油气田的工程师们越来越关注如何改进现有的加热设备以减少燃料消耗并保护环境.文章通过介绍油气田水套加热炉设计应考虑的基本因素和准... 详细信息

水套加热炉是油气田上广泛使用的油气加热设备.随着油气价格的不断上涨和对环境保护要求的日趋严格,油气田的工程师们越来越关注如何改进现有的加热设备以减少燃料消耗并保护环境.文章通过介绍油气田水套加热炉设计应考虑的基本因素和准则,提出了提高水套加热炉热效率的方法,其中包括多个返回管的使用,过剩空气自动控制和扩大火管对流段的表面积等,特别是文中所述在火管对流段中安装翅片管,只要有足够的传热面积,并设计正确,要使水套加热炉获得85%的热效率是可能的.

关键词：油气田加热设备设计技术改造水套加热炉

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