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A Me.hanism for Inhale. Ane.the.ic-Induce. Solid Organ Injury: Inflammation

Ope. Journal of Ane.the.iology 2014年第3期4卷 72-80页

作者： gary e. Hill Irina Gasanova Ge.ffre. M. Thie.e De.artme.t of Ane.the.iology and Pain Man-age.e.t University of Texas Southwestern Med-ical Center Dallas USA Ve.e.ans Administration Alcohol Re.e.rch Ce.te. Omaha Veterans Administration Medical Center Omaha USA

Background: Inhale. ane.the.ics, including halothane. iso- and se.oflurane.induce.proinflammatory cytokine.re.e.se. Halothane.is an inhale. ane.the.ic age.t that is me.abolize. by the.live. into a highly re.ctive.product, trifluoroace.yl chloride. which can re.ct e.doge.ously to form a trifluoroace.yl-adduct (TFA-adduct). The.MAA-adduct is forme. by ace.alde.yde.and malondialde.yde.re.cting with e.doge.ousprote.ns and is found in both patie.ts and animals post-consumption of alcohol. The.e.TFA and MAA-adducts have.be.n shown to cause.the.re.e.se.of proinflammatorycytokine. by e.doge.ous inflammatory ce.ls. If both adducts share.a similar me.hanism of ce.l activation, re.e.ving ge.e.al ane.the.ia following alcohol inge.tion could e.ace.bate.the.inflammatory re.ponse.cause. by the.inhale. ge.e.al ane.the.ic halothane.and le.d to solid organ (including live. and brain) injury. Me.hods: Control die. and alcohol-fe. rats we.e.randomize. to re.e.ve.halothane.pre.re.tme.ts by intrape.itone.l inje.tion mixe. in se.ame.oil. Following the.intrape.itone.l inje.tions, the.intact he.rt was re.ove., He.s we.e.isolate. and stimulate. with unmodifie. bovine.se.um albumin (Alb), MAA-modifie. Alb (MAA-Alb), He.yl-MAA, or lipopolysaccharide.(LPS), and supe.natant conce.trations of TNF-α we.e.de.e.mine.. Re.ults: Halothane.pre.tre.te. rat He.s de.onstrate. significantly gre.te. TNF-α conce.tration following MAA-adduct and LPS stimulation than the.non-halothane.pre.tre.te. in both pair and alcohol-fe. rats, but was significantly gre.te. in the.alcohol-fe. groups. Conclusion: The.e.re.ults de.onstrate.that halothane.and MAA-adduct pre.tre.tme.t will incre.se.the.inflammatory re.ponse.(TNF-α re.e.se. in rat He.s following LPS and MAA stimulation in vitro. Also, the.e.re.ults sugge.t that halothane.e.posure.may incre.se.the.risk of alcohol-induce. solid organ injury se.ondary to TNF-induce. inflammation. Othe. inve.tigators have.re.orte. similar proinflammatory cytokine.re.e.se.with othe.

关键词： Ane.the.ic-Induce. Solid Organ Inflammation Halothane MAA

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Utility of magne.ic re.onance.imaging in anore.tal dise.se

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World Journal of Gastroe.te.ology 2007年第23期13卷 3153-3158页

作者： Lore. Be.man gary M Israe. Shirle. M McCarthy Je.fre. C We.nre. Walte. e.Longo De.artme.t of Surge.y Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States De.artme.t of Radiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States

Imaging of both be.ign and malignant anore.tal dise.se. has traditionally pose. a challe.ge.to clinicians, and as a re.ult history and physical e.am have.be.n re.ie. on he.vily. CT scanning and e.dore.tal ultrasound have.be.ome.popular in asse.sme.t of anatomy and staging of tumors, but have.limitations. Magne.ic re.onance.imaging (MRI) has the.capability to fill in the.gaps le.t ope. by more.conve.tional imaging modalitie. and continue. to be.promising as the.de.initive.imaging te.hnique.in the.pe.vis, e.pe.ially with advance.e.t of e.e.ging te.hnologie. in this fie.d. A compre.e.sive.re.ie. of this topic has be.n unde.take.. Anore.tal dise.se.is divide. into thre. broad cate.orie.: cance., fistula/absce.s, and pe.vic floor disorde.s. A re.ie. of the.lite.ature.is pe.forme. to e.aluate.the.use.of MRI and othe. imaging modalitie. in the.e.thre. are.s. Pre.pe.ative.imaging is use.ul in the.e.aluation of all thre. are.s of anore.tal dise.se. MRI is an e.fe.tive.tool in de.ine.ting anatomy and, whe. corre.ating with the.spe.ific clinical sce.ario, is an e.fe.tive.adjunct in clinical de.ision-making in orde. to optimize.outcome. MRI continue. to be.a promising and nove. approach to imaging various afflictions of the.anore.tum and the.pe.vic floor. Its role.is more.we.l-e.tablishe. in some.are.s than in othe.s, and the.e.are.still signif icant limitations. As te.hnology advance., MRI will she. more.light on a comple. anatomical are..

关键词： Magne.ic re.onance.imaging, Re.tal cance., Pe.vic floor disorde.s Anal fistula and absce.s

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Type.Ⅰ inte.fe.on re.e.tor knockout mice.as mode.s for infe.tion of highly pathoge.ic viruse. with outbre.k pote.tial

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Zoological Re.e.rch 2018年第1期39卷 3-14页

作者： gary Wong Xiang-Guo Qiu She.zhe. Ke. Laboratory of Pathoge. and Immunity State Key Discipline of Infectious DiseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalShenzhen Guangzhou 518020China Ke. Laboratory of Pathoge.ic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spe.ial Pathoge.s Program National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegManitoba R3E 3R2Canada De.artme.t of Me.ical Microbiology and Infe.tious Dise.se. University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3E 0J9Canada

Due.to the.r inability to ge.e.ate.a comple.e.immune.re.ponse. mice.knockout for type.I inte.fe.on （IFN） re.e.tors （Ifnar-/-） are.more.susce.tible.to viral infe.tions, and are.thus commonly use. for pathoge.e.is studie.. This mouse.mode. has be.n use. to study many dise.se. cause. by highly pathoge.ic viruse. from many familie., including the.Flaviviridae. Filoviridae. Are.aviridae. Bunyaviridae. He.ipaviridae. and Togaviridae. In this re.ie., we.summarize.the.findings from the.e.animal studie., and discuss the.pros and cons of using this mode. ve.sus othe. known me.hods for studying pathoge.e.is in animals.

关键词： Ifnar Mice Animal mode. Flavivirus Filovirus Are.avirus Bunyavirus He.ipavirus Togavirus

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Spe.matids do it diffe.e.tly! Paip2a--the.e.se.tial re.ulator of spe.mioge.e.is？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 122-124页

作者： e.le.n A McLaughlin gary R Hime ARC Ce.tre.of e.ce.le.ce.in Biote.hnology and De.e.opme.t Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia School of e.vironme.tal and Life.Scie.ce. University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Anatomy and Ce.l Biology University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia

The.me.hanisms unde.pinning the.latte. stage. of spe.mioge.e.is are.poorly unde.stood and male.ge.m ce.ls have.be.n pre.ume. to e.te.sive.y e.ploy post-tran- scriptional re.ulatory machine.y,

关键词： Spe.matids Paip2a-the.e.se.tial

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e.aluation of thre.-dime.sional biofilms on antibacte.ial bonding age.ts containing nove. quate.nary ammonium me.hacrylate.

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Inte.national Journal of Oral Scie.ce 2014年第2期6卷 77-86页

作者： Han Zhou Michae. D We.r Jose.h M Antonucci gary e.Schumache. Xue.Dong Zhou Hockin H K Xu De.artme.t of e.dodontics Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore USA State.Ke. Laboratory of Oral Dise.se. West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Biomate.ials Group Biosystems and Biomaterials Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg USA Dr. Anthony Volpe.Re.e.rch Ce.te. American Dental Association Foundation Gaithersburg USA Ce.te. for Ste. Ce.l Biology & Re.e.e.ative.Me.icine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore USA De.artme.t of Me.hanical e.gine.ring University of Maryland Baltimore County USA

Antibacte.ial adhe.ive. are.promising to inhibit biofilms and se.ondary carie.. The.obje.tive. of this study we.e.to synthe.ize.and incorporate.quate.nary ammonium me.hacrylate. into adhe.ive., and inve.tigate.the.alkyl chain le.gth e.fe.ts on thre.-dime.sional biofilms adhe.e.t on adhe.ive. for the.first time. Six quate.nary ammonium me.hacrylate. with chain le.gths of 3, 6, 9, 12, 16 and 18 we.e.synthe.ize. and incorporate. into Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. Stre.tococcus mutans bacte.ia we.e.culture. on re.in to form biofilms. Confocal lase. scanning microscopy was use. to me.sure.biofilm thickne.s, live.de.d volume. and live.bacte.ia pe.ce.tage.vs. distance.from re.in surface. Biofilm thickne.s was the.gre.te.t for Scotchbond control; it de.re.se. with incre.sing chain le.gth, re.ching a minimum at chain le.gth 16. Live.biofilm volume.had a similar tre.d. De.d-biofilm volume.incre.se. with incre.sing chain le.gth. The.adhe.ive.with chain le.gth 9 had 37% live.bacte.ia ne.r re.in surface. but close.to 100% live.bacte.ia in the.biofilm top se.tion. For chain le.gth 16, the.e.we.e.ne.rly 0% live.bacte.ia throughout the.thre.-dime.sional biofilm. In conclusion, strong antibacte.ial activity was achie.e. by adding quate.nary ammonium into adhe.ive. with biofilm thickne.s and live.biofilm volume.de.re.sing as chain le.gth was incre.se. from 3 to 16. Antibacte.ial adhe.ive. typically only inhibite. bacte.ia close.to its surface. howe.e., adhe.ive.with chain le.gth 16 had mostly de.d bacte.ia in the.e.tire.thre.-dime.sional biofilm. Antibacte.ial adhe.ive.with chain le.gth 16 is promising to inhibit biofilms at the.margins and combat se.ondary carie..

关键词： alkyl chain le.gth antibacte.ial bondingage.t de.tal carie. quate.naryammonium me.hacrylate Stre.tococcusmutans thre.-dime.sional biofilm

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e.fe.t of nutritional counse.ling on he.atic,muscle.and adipose.tissue.fat conte.t and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty live. dise.se

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World Journal of Gastroe.te.ology 2006年第36期12卷 5813-5819页

作者： e.Louise.Thomas Audre. e.Bryne. Gavin Hamilton Nayna Pate. Adam Spong Robe.t D Goldin gary Frost Jimmy D Be.l Simon D Taylor-Robinson The.Robe.t Ste.ne. MR Unit MRC Clinical Sciences Centre De.artme.t of Nutrition and Die.e.ics The.Robe.t Ste.ne. MR Unit MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Faculty of Medicine Impe.ial Colle.e.London Hammersmith Hospital Du Cane Rd London W12 0HS United Kingdom and Histopathology Department Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom Faculty of Me.icine.Faculty of Me.icine Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom

AIM： To asse.s the.e.fe.tive.e.s of the.curre.t UK clinical practice.in re.ucing he.atic fat （IHCL）.Me.HODS： Whole.body MRI and IH MRS we.e.obtaine., be.ore.and afte. 6 mo nutritional counse.ling, from live., sole.s and tibialis muscle. in 10 subje.ts with non-alcoholic fatty live. dise.se.（NAFLD）.Re.ULTS： A 500 Kcal-re.tricte. die. re.ulte. in an ave.age.we.ght loss of 4% （-3.4 kg,） accompanie. by significant re.uctions in most adipose.tissue.（AT） de.ots, including subcutane.us （-9.9%）, abdominal subcutane.us （-10.2%） and intra-abdominal- AT （-11.4%）. Intramyoce.lular lipids （IMCL） we.e.significantly re.uce. in the.tibialis muscle.（-28.2%）. De.re.se. in both IHCL （-39.9%） and sole.s IMCL （-12.2%） conte.t we.e.also obse.ve., although the.e.we.e.not significant. Se.e.al individuals showe. dramatic de.re.se. in IHCL, while.othe.s paradoxically showe. incre.se. in IHCL conte.t. Change. in body composition we.e.accompanie. by improve.e.ts in ce.tain live. function te.ts： se.um aspartate.aminotransfe.ase.（AST） and alanine.aminotransfe.ase.（ALT）. Significant corre.ations we.e.found be.we.n de.re.se. in IHCL and re.uctions in both intra-abdominal and abdominal subcutane.us AT. Improve.e.ts in live. function te.ts we.e.associate. with re.uctions in intra-abdominal AT, but not with change. in IHCL. CONCLUSION： This study shows that e.e. a ve.y mode.t re.uction in body we.ght achie.e. through life.tyle.modification can re.ult in change. in body fat de.ots and improve.e.ts in Le.s.

关键词： Intra-abdominal adipose.tissue Intrahe.atic fat Intramyoce.lular lipids We.qht loss Magne.ic re.onance.imaging

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De.e.ting Conce.tration of Analyte. with De.e.HIP: A Mole.ular Se.sing Array

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Journal of Se.sor Te.hnology 2013年第3期3卷 94-99页

作者： Hannah Johnke.gary Batre. Mark Wilson Andre. e. Holme. Sharmin Sikich De.artme.t of Che.istry Doane College Crete USA

De.e.HIP is a de.e.tion syste. made.of various se.sors that has be.n shown to de.e.t and discriminate.be.we.n small mole.ule. of inte.e.t, including various illicit and ove.-the.counte. drugs. Pre.iously, de.e.tion was normalize. to a single.conce.tration of analyte. Now this de.e.tion assay can de.e.t conce.tration diffe.e.ce. in analyte. via re., gre.n, and blue.color value.change. and shifts in the.UV-Vis spe.tra of the.assay. To de.e.mine.the.conce.trations diffe.e.ce., the.e.pose. assays we.e.scanne. on a flatbe. scanne. and the.image. we.e.analyze. for individual RGB value. with a custom macro in Image., an image.analysis program. Incre.sing conce.trations of the.analyte.re.ulte. in gre.te. diffe.e.ce. in color value. be.we.n control and analyte.we.ls. The.e.diffe.e.ce. showe. a line.r re.ationship to conce.tration change. some.with corre.ation coe.ficie.ts gre.te. than 98%. This work e.pands the.capability of De.e.HIP to give.information about the.conce.tration of analyte.whe. the.analyte.ide.tity is known.

关键词： Colorime.ric Arrays Se.sors Analyte Conce.tration RGB Analysis Drug De.e.tion

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Utilizing Solar The.mal e.e.gy for Post-Combustion C02 Capture

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Journal of e.e.gy and Powe. e.gine.ring 2011年第3期5卷 195-208页

作者： Stuart M. Cohe. Michae. e. We.be. and gary T. Roche.le De.artme.t of Me.hanical e.gine.ring The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA De.artme.t of Che.ical e.gine.ring The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Post-combustion amine.absorption and stripping can re.ove.90% of the.CO2 from powe. plant flue.gas, but syste.s can re.uce.e.e.trical output by approximate.y 30% due.to e.e.gy re.uire.e.ts for stripping CO2 from solve.t and CO2 compre.sion. The.CO2 capture.e.e.gy pe.alty can be.re.uce. while.de.e.oping re.e.able.e.e.gy te.hnologie. by me.ting CO2 capture.e.e.gy re.uire.e.ts with a solar the.mal e.e.gy syste., particularly whe. e.e.tricity de.and and price. are.the.highe.t. This study pre.e.ts an initial re.ie. of solar the.mal te.hnologie. for supplying CO2 capture.e.e.gy, with a focus on high te.pe.ature.syste.s. Parabolic troughs and ce.tral re.e.ve.s are.te.hnically able.to provide.e.e.gy for CO2 capture. Howe.e., the.solar syste.＇s capital costs would be.roughly half that of the.base.coal-fire. plant with CO2 capture. and high e.e.tricity price. are.re.uire. to offse. the.costs of ope.ating the.solar the.mal syste.. For high te.pe.ature.solar the.mal syste.s, dire.t e.e.tricity ge.e.ation is like.y a more.e.ficie.t way to use.solar e.e.gy to re.lace.output lost to CO2 capture.e.e.gy. Howe.e., low te.pe.ature.solar the.mal syste.s might inte.rate.be.te. with solve.t stripping e.uipme.t, and more.rigorous analysis is re.uire. to de.initive.y asse.s the.fe.sibility of using solar e.e.gy for CO2 capture.

关键词： Carbon capture carbon dioxide solar the.mal climate.change e.e.tric powe..

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Asse.sme.t of Biological Prope.tie. of Mouse.e.bryonic Ste. Ce.ls Characte.istics Prior To Diffe.e.tiation

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Journal of Biomate.ials and Nanobiote.hnology 2011年第4期2卷 378-389页

作者： gary Adams Le. Butte.y Snow Stolnik Ste.he. e. Harding Nan Wang 不详

Mouse.e.bryonic ste. (e.) ce.ls are.continuous ce.l line. de.ive. dire.tly from the.fe.al founde. tissue.of the.pre.im- plantation e.bryo and can be.e.pande. in vitro and give.rise.to ce.ls from e.tode.mal, me.ode.mal and e.dode.mal laye.s. Mouse.e. ce.ls can be.maintaine. and the.r numbe.s e.pande. by culture.on fe.de. laye. ce.ls with LIF pre.e.t in the.culture.me.ium. This study shows that change. in se.ding de.sity can significantly influe.ce.ce.l numbe. e.pansion rate.. Culturing e. ce.ls in the.abse.ce.of fe.de. laye. ce.ls and LIF stimulate. e. formation whe. culture. in non-adhe.e.t culture.plate.. Formation of e.s particularly numbe.s, size.of e.s forme., rate. of ce.l prolife.ation within e.s and viability of ce.ls can also be.controlle. base. on se.ding de.sity. All the.e.factors are.important for optimizing approache. to co-ordinate.diffe.e.tiation towards a spe.ific ce.l type. A ke. goal of e. ce.l re.e.rch is to de.e.op spe.ific functional ce.l type. which can be.pote.tially use. to study me.hanisms of tissue.de.e.opme.t and as a the.apy to re.air or re.lace.damage. or dise.se. tissue..

关键词： De.tran-Concanavalin A Polyme. Insulin Magne.ium Oscillation

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Animal mode.s for filovirus infe.tions

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Zoological Re.e.rch 2018年第1期39卷 15-24页

作者： Vinayakumar Siragam gary Wong Xiang-Guo Qiu Spe.ial Pathoge.s Program Public Health Agency of CanadaWinnipegManitoba R3E 3R2Canada De.artme.t of Me.ical Microbiology University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3E 0J9Canada She.zhe. Ke. Laboratory of Pathoge. and Immunity State Key Discipline of Infectious DiseaseShenzhen Third People's HospitalShenzhen Guangzhou 51 8020China Ke. Laboratory of Pathoge.ic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The.family Filoviridae. which include. the.ge.e.a Marburgvirus and e.olavirus, contains some.of the.most pathoge.ic viruse. in humans and non-human primate. （NHPs）, causing se.e.e.he.orrhagic fe.e.s with high fatality rate.. Small animal mode.s against filoviruse. using mice. guine. pigs, hamste.s, and fe.re.s have.be.n de.e.ope. with the.goal of scre.ning candidate.vaccine. and antivirals, be.ore.te.ting in the.gold standard NHP mode.s. In this re.ie., we.summarize.the.diffe.e.t animal mode.s use. to unde.stand filovirus pathoge.e.is, and discuss the.advantage. and disadvantage. of e.ch mode. with re.pe.t to filovirus dise.se.re.e.rch.

关键词： Filovirus e.ola virus Marburg virus Marburg virus dise.se e.ola virus dise.se Mouse.adapte. e.olavirus Guine.-pig-adapte. e.olavirus Sudan virus Plaque.forming units

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