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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第8期47卷 988-997页

作者： Jie CHeN gary e HARMAN Afio COMIS Gen-Wu CHeNG School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 201101 China Department of Horticultural Science Cornell University New York State Agricultural Experiment Station Geneva NY 14456 USA College of Plant Protection Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110161 China

Induced resistance has been evidenced as one of mechanisms of Trichoderma to control plant diseases, however, no study showed the change of host proteomics in Trichoderma-induced resistance of maize against damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum Trow. The mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai for controlling maize seedling disease caused by Pythium ultimum Trow was investigated firstly by proteome technique and the result suggested that T. harzianum strain T22 was not only able to promote seedling growth but also protein accumulation. One-dimensional electrophoresis assay showed that more bands appeared on the gel with T22 or T22 combined with P. ultimum （T22 ＋ P. ultimum） treatment than with other treatments. enzyme assay showed that two chitinases of the root sample were more activated in the treatments with T22 than in the other treatments without T22. Proteins in the seedling roots from the various treatments were separated through protein extraction and 2-D electrophoresis technique. In the seedlings produced from the T22-treated seeds, there were 104 up-regulated proteins and 164 down-regulated proteins relative to the control, and 97 and 150, respectively, aftel treatment with T22 ＋ P. ultimum; however, with P. ultimum alone the values were much lower than with the other two treatments. The correlation coefficient values were 0.72, 0.51 and 0.49 for the comparison of protein spot distribution on gel among control with T22, P. ultimum and T22 ＋ P. ultimum, respectively. So it seemed that P. ultimum infection was more effective than T22 in interfering with the host proteome profile. Furthermore, analysis with MALDITOF-MAS showed that some important proteins associated with defensive reactions were identified in T22 or T22 ＋ P. ultimum treatments, including endochitinase, pathogenesis-related protein PRMS （pathogenesis-related maize seed）, GTP-binding protein, isoflavone reductase and other proteins related to respiration. All those proteins are probably part

关键词： maize inbred proteome Pythium ultimum Trow Trichoderma harzianum

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 58-67页

作者： gary e.PICKARD Patricia J.SOLLARS School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Nebraska

A new mammalian photoreceptor was recently discovered to reside in the ganglion cell layer of the inner *** intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells(ipRGCs) express a photopigment,melanopsin,that confers upon them the ability to respond to light in the absence of all rod and cone photoreceptor *** relatively few in number,ipRGCs extend their dendrites across large expanses of the retina making them ideally suited to function as irradiance detectors to assess changes in ambient light *** in ipRGCs appears to be mediated by transient receptor potential channels more closely resembling the phototransduction cascade of invertebrate rather than vertebrate *** convey irradiance information centrally via the optic nerve to influence several *** are the primary retinal input to the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN),a circadian oscillator and biological clock,and this input entrains the SCN to the day/night *** contribute irradiance signals that regulate pupil size and they also provide signals that interface with the autonomic nervous system to regulate rhythmic gene activity in major organs of the *** also provide excitatory drive to dopaminergic amacrine cells in the retina,providing a novel basis for the restructuring of retinal circuits by *** we review the ground-breaking discoveries,current progress and directions for future investigation.

关键词： melanopsin circadian rhythms suprachiasmatic nucleus retina pupillary light reflex

Complexity of Injective Homomorphisms to Small Tournaments, and of Injective Oriented Colourings

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Open Journal of Discrete Mathematics 2023年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： Russell J. Campbell Nancy e. Clarke gary MacGillivray University of the Fraser Valley Abbotsford British Columbia Acadia University Wolfville Nova Scotia University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia

Several possible definitions of local injectivity for a homomorphism of an oriented graph G to an oriented graph H are considered. In each case, we determine the complexity of deciding whether there exists such a homomorphism when G is given and H is a fixed tournament on three or fewer vertices. each possible definition leads to a locally-injective oriented colouring problem. A dichotomy theorem is proved in each case.

关键词： Injective Graph Homomorphism Oriented Colouring Complexity

食物-能源-水钮带关系研究能否与农业创新保持同步?

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engineering 2023年第4期23卷 24-28页

作者：庄杰, Tom Gill Frank e.Löffler 金明洲 gary S.Sayler Department of Biosystems engineering and Soil Science The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Center for environmental Biotechnology The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Institute for a Secure and Sustainable environment The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Agricultural Leadership Education and CommunicationsThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Smith Center for International Agriculture The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Microbiology The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department of Civil and environmental engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Industrial and Systems engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

***,The interconnection among food-energy-water(FeW)systems in meeting societal demands is broadly acknowledged[1].Similarly,competitive or synergistic allocations of water and energy resources for agricultural production,manufacturing,and human consumption are understood,and their economic impacts can be predicted[2].Far less appreciated and understood are the outcomes of the FeW nexus in response to operation changes in agricultural practices and the associated technological innovations for future generations[3,4].Also,the inter-scale and feedback effects of emerging technology-driven resource reallocation and decision-making on FeW systems are largely *** example,how do the agroeconomic feedbacks of intelligent technologies influence the FeW nexus of agricultural production under environmental and demographic changes?How does the necessary water allocation for powering non-powered dams and pumped-storage hydropower generation influence agricultural production and municipal water supply maintenance?How do solar and wind energy farms influence land use for agriculture and the rural economy?

关键词： agricultural understood allocation

Intraspecific trait variation in three common grass species reveals fine-scale species adjustment to local environmental conditions

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Journal of Plant ecology 2018年第6期11卷 887-898页

作者： Tina Buchmann Jens schumacher Christiane Roscher UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor-Lieser-Strasse 4Halle 06120Germany Institute of Mathematics StochasticsFriedrich Schiller University JenaErnst-Abbe-Platz 2Jena 07743Germany UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchPhysiological DiversityPermoserstraße 15Leipzig 04318Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5eLeipzig 04103Germany

Aims Studies along environmental gradients have shown that intraspecific trait variation(ITV)may contribute considerably to community-level trait ***,we lack knowledge about how the extent of ITV varies on a local scale and whether a varying extent of ITV is related to differences in local environmental site and plant commu-nity *** We investigated plant height,specific leaf area(SLA),leaf dry mat-ter content(LDMC)and leaf greenness of three common grass spe-cies(Arrhenatherum elatius,Dactylis glomerata,Poa pratensis)in 12 mown grasslands in a local study area around Jena(Thuringia,Germany)across three spatially hierarchical sampling levels:between sites,between subplots within site and within *** Findings Arrhenatherum elatius and *** had higher means in plant height and a lower variation in leaf traits than *** major proportions of variation in leaf traits of *** and *** were found within subplots,while the traits of *** varied mainly between *** correlations across the hierarchical sam-pling levels were highly consistent in ***,but more variable in *** and *** site and plant commu-nity characteristics mostly explained a larger proportion of variation in trait means in *** than in *** and ***,while metrics of ITV were generally less *** results suggest that trait variation in *** and *** is more strongly related to within-site conditions(*** interactions),while differences in local environmental conditions between sites have a strong impact on trait variation in *** our study was limited to three grass species,further studies with a greater number of species are required to make generalizations about the importance of biotic interactions and environmental conditions as drivers of ITV at local scale.

关键词： grass species intraspecific trait variation leaf traits

MAGNeTIC ReSONANCe OF CHINeSe COALS

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Science China Mathematics 1988年第8期31卷 968-978页

作者：叶朝辉,ROBeRT A.WIND,gary e.MACIeL Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Department of Chemistry Colorado State University USA. Department of Chemistry Colorado State University USA.

This paper studies ten Chinese coals at different ranks by means of cross polarization and magic angle spinning, combined rotation and multiple-pulse spectroscopy, and dynamic nuclear polarization. NMR is first reported. It is found that, compared with those obtained previously coat somples from other parts of the world, some Chinese coals at lower ranks display unusual characteristics, which imply peculiar chemical structures in the coals.

关键词： NMR of coals dynamic nuclear polarization high resolution NMR in solids aromaticity of coals.

Determining casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts by computed tomography

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Frontiers of Mechanical engineering 2018年第1期13卷 48-52页

作者： Jiehua LI Bernd OBeRDORFeR Daniel HABe Peter schumacher Institute of Casting Research Montanuniversitat Leoben LeobenA-8700 Austria Austrian Foundry Research Institute Leoben A-8700 Austria

Three types of near-net shape casting alumi- num parts were investigated by computed tomography to determine casting defects and evaluate quality. The first, second, and third parts were produced by low-pressure die casting （Al-12Si-0.8Cu-0.5Fe-0.9Mg-0.7Ni-0.2Zn alloy）, die casting （A356, A1-7Si-0.3Mg）, and semi-solid casting （A356, A1-TSi-0.3Mg）, respectively. Unlike die casting （second part）, low-pressure die casting （first part） sig- nificantly reduced the formation of casting defects （i.e., porosity） due to its smooth filling and solidification under pressure. No significant casting defect was observed in the third part, and this absence of defects indicates that semi- solid casting could produce high-quality near-net shape casting aluminum parts. Moreover, casting defects were mostly distributed along the eutectic grain boundaries. This finding reveals that refinement of eutectic grains is necessary to optimize the distribution of casting defects and reduce their size. This investigation demonstrated that computed tomography is an efficient method to determine casting defects in near-net shape casting aluminum parts.

关键词： near-net shape casting aluminum parts cast-ing defects low pressure die casting die casting semi-solidcasting computed tomography

Xenobiotic effects in cancer related pathways-high throughput screening and proof of concept in animal models

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中国比较医学杂志 2013年第1期23卷 69-80页

作者： Ursula e. schumacher Suzhou Xishan Zhongke Drug Research & Development Co. Ltd. 1336 Wuzhong AvenueSuzhou 215104JiangsuChina

Xenobiotic drugs and chemicals directly interact with DNA,proteins,or other biomolecules in cells. These direct interactions with molecular targets may trigger a series of downstream effects on metabolic-biochemical and regulatory-signaling networks that can invoke cellular consequences leading to adaptive homeostatic or adverse pathological responses. Regulators for drug and chemicals safety have therefore since long required the testing of toxicity in animal models before drugs and pesticides can enter the market. The US National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences,in its report,Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: a Vision and a Strategy [1] ,proposed that toxicity testing should become less reliant on apical endpoints from whole animal tests and eventually rely instead on quantitative,doseresponse models based on information from in vitro assays and in vivo biomarkers,which can be used to screen large numbers of chemicals. The present paper reports about a combination of HTS in vitro assays that can be used to study the potential tumorigenic effect of xenobiotics ( drug targets,environmental chemicals) via a set of"sentinel"genes [2] that are functionally interrelated based on evidence weighted functional linkage network ( FLN ) log-likelihood scores ( Linghu et al [3] ) .

关键词：基础医学呼吸生理呼吸运动人体生理学

Comparison of the VO_(2)Master Pro and Cosmed K5 During Walking,Jogging,and Running

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Journal of Science in Sport and exercise 2022年第2期4卷 119-127页

作者： Alex Toulouse Dustin Joubert gary Oden Patrick R.Davis Department of Kinesiology Sam Houston State UniversityHuntsvilleTXUSA Department of Kinesiology and Health Science Stephen F.Austin UniversityNacogdochesTXUSA

Aim Portable devices that accurately detect the composition of expired gases and changes in VO_(2)open new possibilities in research methodology and *** The purpose of this study was to compare the oxygen consumption(VO_(2))measurements of the VO_(2)Master Pro(VM)to the Cosmed K5(K5)during walking,jogging,and running in field and lab *** Twelve proficient runners,with a current 10 k pace of≥11.29 km/h,performed 3 matched intervals at 3 different speeds(4.82,8.05,11.29 km/h)on a treadmill and on an outdoor *** airflow test was also performed on both devices by pumping air through the devices using a 3 L syringe timed to a metronome at 15,25,and 35 beats/*** The VM did not report walking data for most *** treadmill running,there were significant differences in VO_(2)(47.86±3.94 vs.29.56±4.15 mL/kg/min),ventilation(V_(e))(71 vs.57 mL/min),and tidal volume(TV)(1.89 vs.1.56 L)between the K5 and VM respectively(Ped significant differences between devices in VO_(2),V_(e),and TV(Pe airflow test showed significant differences between the devices in V_(e)and TV(Pese results suggest that there are significant discrepancies between the K5 and the VM,likely due to differ-ences in TV measurement.

关键词： Oxygen consumption energy expenditure Metabolic cart Comparison