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Skin problems in children under five years old at a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第7期6卷 625-629页

作者： José Manuel Ramos Paula Moles-Poveda Dalu Tessema Mubarack Kedir gamadi safayo Abraham Tesfasmariam Francisco Reyes Isabel Belinchon Department of Paediatrics and General Medicine Gambo General Rural Hospital Department of Internal Medicine Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Department of Clinical Medicine Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche Department of Dermatology Hospital Arnau de Vilanova Department of Dermatology Hospital General Universitario de Alicante

Objective: To examine the prevalence of cutaneous disorders in children under 5 years old who attended a rural hospital in Southern ***: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 26 to February 20, 2015 in children under 5 years old who attended Gambo Rural Hospital in West Arsi of the Oromia Region, ***: A total of 324 children were included(59.6% male) whose median age was 16.4months. In total, 147 children [45.4%; 95% confidence interval(CI): 40.0%–50.8%]under 5 years had a skin problem, of which 101(68.7%) consulted for that reason. The other 46(31.3%) consulted for a general health problem and the dermatological condition was a secondary finding during the physical exploration. In 93 children(28.7%; 95% CI:20%–33.8%), it was the main disease, and in 54 children(16.5%; 95% CI: 13.0%–21.1%)it was concomitant with other diseases. The most common dermatological disease was scabies(n = 44, 13.6%; 95% CI: 10.3%–17.7%). Impetigo was diagnosed in 32 children(9.9%; 95% CI: 7.1%–13.3%), of which 23(71.9%) had complicated impetigo. Nineteen children(5.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%–9.0%) had eczema, 10(3.1%) had eczema associated to other conditions. The following most frequent skin problems were tinea(n = 9; 2.8%),infected wound and ulcer(n = 7; 2.2%), and burns(n = 6; 1.9%).Conclusions: Skin problems, mainly scabies, impetigo, and eczema were common in young children attended at a rural hospital in Southern Ethiopia. Children under 5 years should be examined thoroughly to rule out skin diseases, especially scabies.

关键词： Children Under five years Skin problem Scabies Impetigo

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Optimization of acid fracturing for a tight carbonate reservoir

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Petroleum 2020年第1期6卷 70-79页

作者： Aymen Al-Ameri Talal gamadi Bob L.Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas Tech University2500 BroadwayLubbockTX79409USA

In this study,acid fracturing treatments were simulated for a tight limestone reservoir within a shale formation using FRACPRO *** purpose was to investigate the optimum acid fracturing design that leads to a higher fracture etched length and width,and higher fracture ***,the impact of the rock-acid contact time and whether to consider a post-flush or fluids flowback,on the acid fracturing outcomes were also investigated.A simple geological model was constructed which consists of different lithological *** acid fracturing design scenarios were considered starting from a single stage of acid injection to multi-stage *** multi-stage acid treatment,alternate acid-slickwater injection was *** HCl acids with different concentrations and other acids that are already included in FRACPRO database were *** results showed that the acid loss during post-flush is among the main problems of the acid fracturing in tight carbonate shale *** the single stage of acid injection,it is recommended to flow back the acid after well shut-in instead of considering a post-flush *** multi-stage alternate acid slickwater injection reduces or even eliminated the acid ***,it is recommended to inject a slickwater before well shut-in to reduce the rock-acid contact time,thus reducing the formation *** results also showed that the created fracture etched width decreases and the fracture etched length increases as the fracturing stages *** this study,because of the low carbonate layer permeability and compressive strength,a two-stage alternate 28%HCl and slickwater injection with a post-flush stage is recommended.

关键词： Acid fracturing Tight carbonate Acid loss Low compressive strength Single stage acid fracturing Multi-stage acid fracturing

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