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Role of extracellular vesicles secretion in paclitaxel resistance of prostate cancer cells

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 612-624页

作者： Ashish Kumar Pawan Kumar Mitu Sharma Susy Kim Sangeeta Singh Steven J.Kridel gagan deep Department of Cancer Biology Atrium Health Wake Forest BaptistWinston-SalemNC 27157USA Division of Pathology Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIzatnagarBareillyUP 243122India Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center Atrium Health Wake Forest BaptistWinston-SalemNC 27157USA

Aim:The development of chemotherapy resistance is the major obstacle in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer(PCa).Extracellular vesicles(EVs)secretion plays a significant role among different mechanisms contributing to ***,inhibition of EVs release may increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs against ***:Paclitaxel(PTX)resistant PCa cells(PC3-R and DU145-R)were treated with GW4869,a known exosome biogenesis *** were isolated from the conditioned media by ExoQuick-based precipitation method and characterized for concentration and size distribution by nanoparticle tracking *** effect of GW4869 treatment on the survival and growth of PCa cells was assessed by MTT,and colony formation assays in vitro,and ectopic PC3-R xenografts in male athymic nude mice in *** effect of other EV biogenesis inhibitors,imipramine and dimethyl amiloride(DMA),treatment was also analyzed on the survival of PC3-R ***:GW4869(10-20μM)treatment of PTX resistant PCa cells significantly reduced the release of small EVs(50-100 nm size range)while increasing the release of larger EVs(>150 nm in size),and inhibited their ***,GW4869(5-20μM)treatment(24-72h)significantly inhibited the survival of PC3-R cells in a dose-dependent *** observed a similar growth inhibition with both imipramine(5-20μg/mL)and DMA(5-20μg/mL)treatment in PC3-R ***,GW4869 treatment(IP)in mice bearing PC3-R xenografts significantly reduced the tumor weight(65%reduction,P=0.017)compared to the vehicle-treated control mice without causing any noticeable ***:Inhibiting the release of EVs could sensitize the resistant PCa cells to chemotherapy.

关键词： Prostate cancer extracellular vesicles GW4869 chemoresistance paclitaxel

Embracing the Future:AI and ML Transforming Urban Environments in Smart Cities

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Journal on Artificial Intelligence 2023年第1期5卷 57-73页

作者： gagan deep Jyoti Verma Chitkara Business School Chitkara UniversityRajpuraPunjab140401India

This research explores the increasing importance of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)with relation to smart *** discusses the AI and ML’s ability to revolutionize various aspects of urban environments,including infrastructure,governance,public safety,and *** research presents the definition and characteristics of smart cities,highlighting the key components and technologies driving initiatives for smart *** methodology employed in this study involved a comprehensive review of relevant literature,research papers,and reports on the subject of AI and ML in smart *** sources were consulted to gather information on the integration of AI and ML technologies in various aspects of smart cities,including infrastructure optimization,public safety enhancement,and citizen services *** findings suggest that AI and ML technologies enable data-driven decision-making,predictive analytics,and optimization in smart city *** are vital to the development of transport infrastructure,optimizing energy distribution,improving public safety,streamlining governance,and transforming healthcare ***,ethical and privacy considerations,as well as technical challenges,need to be solved to guarantee the ethical and responsible usage of AI and ML in smart *** study concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions of AI and ML in shaping urban environments,highlighting the importance of collaborative efforts and responsible *** findings highlight the transformative potential of AI and ML in optimizing resource utilization,enhancing citizen services,and creating more sustainable and resilient smart *** studies should concentrate on addressing technical limitations,creating robust policy frameworks,and fostering fairness,accountability,and openness in the use of AI and ML technologies in smart cities.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence(AI) Machine Learning(ML) smart city data analytics decision-making predictive analytics optimization

Trimming of a migrated metal stent for malignant colonic stricture using argon plasma coagulation

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2010年第2期2卷 75-76页

作者： Kiran Venkat Rao gagan deep Beri Weizheng William Wang Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine New Jersey Medical School University of Medicine and Dentistry Newark NJ 07103 Unite States

We report the first case of trimming of a migrated metal colonic stent for stent induced severe anorectal pain. We present a case of a 54-year-old female with history of metastatic colorectal carcinoma who had stent placement secondary to obstruction. Subsequent distal migration of the stent caused ulcerations into the rectal mucosa and excruciating anorectal pain. We used argon plasma coagulation (APC) to successfully trim the exposed distal portion of the metal stent and rat tooth forceps to retrieve the stent fragments. The use of APC for trimming metallic stents is an effective procedure that can be used to trim migrated rectal stents that result in significant rectal pain. To date, few studies have been published that use APC to trim metallic stents placed in the gastrointestinal tract. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the only known case in which the indication for stent trimming was severe stent induced rectal pain. The procedure resulted in complete relief of patient symptoms. Therefore, APC is a safe and effective way to trim colo-rectal stents to definitively relieve the symptom of stent induced rectal pain in patients who have experienced distal stent migration and mucosal ulceration.

关键词： Argon plasma coagulation Metal stent Rectal pain Colonic stricture

Overview of perspectives on cancer,newer therapies,and future directions

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Oncology and Translational Medicine 2024年第3期10卷 105-109页

作者： Rajeev M.Joshi Bhushan Telang gagan Soni Asma Khalife Department of General Surgery T.N.Medical College&B.Y.L.Nair Charitable HospitalMumbaiIndia Department of Surgical Oncology Government Cancer Hospital AurangabadMaharashtraIndia Department of Surgical Disciplines All India Institute of Medical ScienceNew DelhiIndia

Theword“cancer”is associated with terrifying situations,and there is often an aggressive intent to *** about survival and fear of disfigurement cause major turmoil in the minds of patients and *** with multimodal care is the key to achieving satisfactory *** imaging modalities have aided in early detection and derivation of optimal treatment *** radical excision of tumors with neoadjuvant or concurrent chemotherapy/radiotherapy has long been the best management option,we have moved froma radical to a conservative *** advanced disease,the plan should be to provide supportive care and improve quality of *** and counseling play important *** support for correcting cancer cachexia is equally important during tumor *** therapies such as targeted therapy,stem cell therapy,and chemodynamic therapy are all focused on ensuring safe and efficient outcomes;however,the war against cancer continues to oscillate between hope and despair.

关键词： Cancer Modern medicine Preventive oncology Psychology Nutrition

A novel approach for justification of box-triangular germanium profile in SiGe HBTs

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第2期36卷 48-55页

作者： gagan Khanduri Brishbhan Panwar Centre for Applied Research in Electronics Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

This work presents a unique and robust approach for validation of using the box-triangular germanium profile in the base of SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors, where the methodology considers the simultaneous optimization of the p-type base doping profile in conjunction with the germanium profile in the base. The study analyses the electron motion across the SiGe base in SiGe HBTs, owing to different accelerating electric fields. The analysis first presents a figure of merit, to achieve the minimum electron transit time across the base in conjunction with the increased current gain in n-p-n-SiGe HBTs, which shows a general trend vis-a-vis the advantage of a trapezoid germanium profile, but with additional accuracy as we considered simultaneously optimized p-type base doping. The effect of minority carrier velocity saturation is then included to make the study more detailed. The analysis then investigates the shifted germanium profile in the base to further minimize the base transit time. Finally, it is shown that a shifted germanium profile eventually evolves into a box-triangular Ge-profile in the SiGe base, which could simultaneously minimize the base transit time and reduce emitter delay by virtue of the high current gain. The analysis verifies that for an average Ge-dose of 7.5% Ge across the base, a box-triangular germanium profile in conjunction with an optimum base doping profile has an approximately identical base transit time and a 30% higher current gain, in comparison with an optimum base doping and triangular Ge-profile across the whole base.

关键词： SiGe HBTs base transit time optimum base doping shifted Ge profile box-triangular germanium profile

Study of anti ulcer activity of Ficus religiosa *** experimentally induced gastric ulcers in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第10期3卷 791-793页

作者： Sarmistha Saha gagan Goswami Department of Zoology Gujarat University NIPER Ahmedabad

Objective:To investigate the gastroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract leaves of Ficus religiosa(***) in different experimental models of gastric ulcer in ***:The hydroalcoholic extract leaves of *** were studied at two dose levels(250 and 500 mg/ kg,oral) in rats against absolute ethanol(0.2 mL oral),aspirin(200 mg/kg) and pyloric ligation induced gastric ***(50 mg/kg,oral) was used as a standard *** ulcer indices and oxidative stress were *** tests and acute toxicity tests were also carried ***:Administration of *** to rats significantly decreased the ulcer index value when compared with the control treated ***(50 mg/kg,oral) also produced a significant decrease the ulcer index value when compared with the control treated *** analysis revealed the presence of tannins,sterols,saponins,flavonoids, carbohydrates and ***:The results suggest that the leaves of the *** possess significant anti ulcer activity.

关键词： Antiulcer Ficus religiosa Ethanol Aspirin Pyloric ligation

Hepatocellular carcinoma review:Current treatment,and evidence-based medicine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第15期20卷 4115-4127页

作者： Ali Raza gagan K Sood Department of Internal Medicine St. Luke’s Episcopal HospitalBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Baylor College of MedicineSt. Luke’s Liver CenterHoustonTX 77030United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common tumor *** treatment options are available for HCC including curative resection,liver transplantation,radiofrequency ablation,trans-arterial chemoembolization,radioembolization and systemic targeted agent like *** treatment of HCC depends on the tumor stage,patient performance status and liver function reserve and requires a multidisciplinary *** the past few years with significant advances in surgical treatments and locoregional therapies,the short-term survival of HCC has improved but the recurrent disease remains a big *** pathogenesis of HCC is a multistep and complex process,wherein angiogenesis plays an important *** patients with advanced disease,sorafenib is the only approved therapy,but novel systemic molecular targeted agents and their combinations are *** article provides an overview of treatment of early and advanced stage HCC based on our extensive review of relevant literature.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Trans-arterial chemoembolization Drug-eluting beads Radiofrequency ablation Liver transplantation Chemotherapy Sorafenib Radioembolization

Identification of Type of a Fault in Distribution System Using Shallow Neural Network with Distributed Generation

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Energy Engineering 2023年第4期120卷 811-829页

作者： Saurabh Awasthi gagan Singh Nafees Ahamad Department of Electrical and Electronics&Communication Engineering DIT UniversityDehradun248001India

A distributed generation system(DG)has several benefits over a traditional centralized power ***,the protection area in the case of the distributed generator requires special attention as it encounters stability loss,failure re-closure,fluctuations in voltage,*** thereby,it demands immediate attention in identifying the location&type of a fault without delay especially when occurred in a small,distributed generation system,as it would adversely affect the overall system and its *** the past,several methods were proposed for classification and localisation of a fault in a distributed generation *** of those methods were accurate in identifying location,but the accuracy in identifying the type of fault was not up to the acceptable *** proposed work here uses a shallow artificial neural network(sANN)model for identifying a particular type of fault that could happen in a specific distribution network when used in conjunction with distributed ***,a distribution network consisting of two similar distributed generators(DG1 and DG2),one grid,and a 100 Km distribution line is ***,different voltages and currents corresponding to various faults(line to line,line to ground)at different locations are tabulated,resulting in a matrix of 500×18 ***,the sANN is formulated for identifying the types of faults in the system in which the above-obtained data is used to train,validate,and test the neural *** overall result shows an unprecedented almost zero percent error in identifying the type of the faults.

关键词： Distribution network distributed generation power system modeling fault identification neural network renewable energy systems

The effect of alcohol and eligibility for liver transplant:a critical review

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Gastroenterology & Hepatology Research 2024年第1期6卷 6-14页

作者： Wassihun Asmare Ikechukwu Eze Domonick Gordon gagan Singh Mukarrham Jamat Ali Ali Department of Internal Medicine Howard University HospitalWashington DC 20060USA

Background:Alcohol-related liver disease(ALRD)has emerged as a significant global health concern,primarily attributed to the overconsumption of *** alcoholism has the potential to impact various organs,it is the liver that is especially ***:This review comprehensively examines the challenges encountered during the pre-transplant,intra-transplant,and post-transplant phases,a significant number of which are attributable to alcohol ***,liver transplant(LT)programmes have excluded patients with alcohol-related liver disease(ARLD)due to mandatory abstinence requirements and apprehensions regarding potential graft shortages for other hepatic *** review counters these concerns by highlighting the minimal usage of grafts for early liver *** strongly advocates for the incorporation of severe alcoholic hepatitis into the model for end-stage liver disease allocation,devoid of any *** selection of ARLD individuals for LT necessitates the critical involvement of a multidisciplinary team,inclusive of addiction ***:Despite the complexities associated with LT for patients with ARLD,this review underscores its therapeutic advantages,particularly for those anticipated to experience severe adverse *** review accentuates the necessity of ensuring equitable access to medical interventions for all patients,irrespective of their lifestyle ***:The examination of genetic and epigenetic variables that play a role in the onset and advancement of *** identification of potential therapy strategies is also an important area of *** formulation of intricate eligibility rules for LT in patients with a past of alcohol abuse needs essential interactions between medical practitioners and *** use of new technologies such as genomics and epigenomics could boost the accuracy of ALD diagnostic and prognostic *** targeted investigations could potentiall

关键词： abstinence criteria alcohol-related liver disease(ALRD) liver transplantation(LT)