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Substandard/Falsification Antibacterial Agents: A Systematic Review of Liquid Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Methods for Their Detection

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019年第8期10卷 348-365页

作者： Pierrot Mwamba Tshilumba Moke Muindu Mutshitshi Kasongo gaelle kalonji mujinga Mbedi Zabakani Joel Kabadi Kasongo Musumba Tshamba Jean-Claude Nkwanga Roland Marini Djang’eing’a Pierre Duez Jean-Baptiste kalonji Ndoumba Laboratory of Drug Analysis and Galenic University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy University of Mons Mons Belgium Departement of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry CIRM Department of Pharmacy Liege University Liège Belgium

Falsified antibacterial agents continue to pose serious public health problems around the world. They are notably responsible for resistance emergence in the treatment of infectious diseases that can lead to death. The aim of this study was to summarize the literature on the methods developed and validated to detect poor quality antibacterial agents in order to assess the impact of these available methods in the fighting against Counterfeit/substandard medicines. Thus, studies published in the time from January 2000 to July 2017, were accessible via Google Scholar and Pubmed and allowed to analyze 41 papers. The majority (30) of developed and validated methods concerned LC methods, 9 regarded UV/V is spectrophotometry and two studies simultaneously developed both methods. Antibacterial agents belonging to beta-lactams group were the most concerned by the methods developed and validated (39%), followed by quinolones (18%) and macrolides (12%). Regarding active ingredients, amoxicillin (12%) was the most concerned by the development and validation methods. In spite of several available methods to detect substandard drugs, antibacterial agents for which methods were developed and validated were the most concerned by worldwide detected non-conformities. The fight against this scourge should not be only limited by their detection, but it also requires an effective involvement of different actors notably: health authorities, international organizations, pharmaceutical industries etc.

关键词： Counterfeiting/Falsification/Substandard Antibacterial Liquid Chromatography/Spectrophotometry UV/Vis

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Cardiac Malformations in Congenital Hypothyroidism: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 279-284页

作者： Suzanne Sap gaelle Ntsoli Jocelyn Tony Ritha Mbono Helene Kamo David Chelo Mother and Child Center of Chantal Biya Foundation Yaounde Cameroon University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Laquintinie Hospital University of Douala Douala Cameroon General Hospital of Garoua University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common causes of preventable mental retardation. It is associated with other births defects like cardiac malformations. Descriptions in Sub Saharan Africa are rare, justifying the present report. Case Report: We reported the cases of 3 female patients, diagnosed with hypothyroidism, presenting in addition pulmonary stenosis. The diagnosis was late in all the patients and we noticed clinical improvement under levothyroxine. Conclusion: Association congenital hypothyroidism and cardiac defect is not rare. Our patients are female with no history of consanguinity, presenting congenital hypothyroidism with a gland in situ associated with pulmonary stenosis. Systematic screening of other births defects is thus recommended in affected patients.

关键词： Congenital Hypothyroidism Cardiac Malformations Children

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Automatic Detection and Characterization of Human Veins Using Infra-Red Image Processing

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第9期12卷 141-159页

作者： Jean Ndoumbe Brice Ekobo Akoa gaelle Patricia Talotsing Frederic Franck Kounga Samuel Kaissassou Bertin Chouanmo Njo Laboratory of Computer Engineering Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer & Telecommunications Engineering National Higher Polytechnic School Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Electrical Engineering Mechatronics and Signal Processing Department of Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering Yaound Cameroon Mobile Computing and Networking Research Laboratory Department of Computer and Software Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Canada DigiPlus SARL Bonamoussadi Douala Cameroon

The detection and characterization of human veins using infrared (IR) image processing have gained significant attention due to its potential applications in biometric identification, medical diagnostics, and vein-based authentication systems. This paper presents a low-cost approach for automatic detection and characterization of human veins from IR images. The proposed method uses image processing techniques including segmentation, feature extraction, and, pattern recognition algorithms. Initially, the IR images are preprocessed to enhance vein structures and reduce noise. Subsequently, a CLAHE algorithm is employed to extract vein regions based on their unique IR absorption properties. Features such as vein thickness, orientation, and branching patterns are extracted using mathematical morphology and directional filters. Finally, a classification framework is implemented to categorize veins and distinguish them from surrounding tissues or artifacts. A setup based on Raspberry Pi was used. Experimental results of IR images demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach in accurately detecting and characterizing human. The developed system shows promising for integration into applications requiring reliable and secure identification based on vein patterns. Our work provides an effective and low-cost solution for nursing staff in low and middle-income countries to perform a safe and accurate venipuncture.

关键词： Vein Detection Blood Radiation Infrared Image CLAHE Algorithm Raspberry Pi

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Diabetes during COVID-19 Pneumonia in a 16-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 712-718页

作者： Ritha Mbono Betoko Charlotte Eposse Suzanne Sap Betsy Bate gaelle Ntsoli Hassanatou Iyawa Calixte Ida Penda Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laquintinie Douala Hospital Douala Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaound Cameroon

Background: Diabetes is a known risk factor for susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection. It may also be a complication of COVID-19. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain this condition. It may be due to the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on β cells or drug-related side effects. In children, there is a paucity of data on the burden of this complication. Objective: We aimed to report a case of secondary diabetes during COVID-19 in a pediatric unit. Case Presentation: A 16-year-old girl presented with severe respiratory distress. She was treated for COVID-19 infection with antibiotics and corticosteroids. On day 6 of treatment, she developed polyuria and polydipsia. A random blood glucose test showed hyperglycaemia. The diagnosis of secondary diabetes was maintained. Conclusion: Covid-19 infection can be complicated by diabetes in children. It is essential to monitor blood glucose levels regularly.

关键词： Covid-19 Diabetes Adolescents

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Diagnosis of CAH in a Sub Saharan Country: Visible Part of Iceberg

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 227-233页

作者： Suzanne Sap Ritha Mbono Hélène Kamo Jocelyn Tony Charlotte Eposse Jeannette Epée Isabelle Mekone Adele Bodieu gaelle Ntsoli Paul Olivier Koki Mother and Child Center of the Chantal Biya Foundation University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Laquintinie Hospital University of Douala Douala Cameroon Genral Hospital of Garoua University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Human Reproductive Center and Research on Fertility of Yaoundé University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Yaounde General Hospital University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Yaounde Central Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Laquintiinie Hospital Douala Cameroon

Introduction :Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency. It is a rare monogenic recessive disorder. In African setting in absence of neonatal screening, the diagnosis is still late, based on a clinical approach. During this clinical enquiry, information from past history or pedigree of the patient is of a huge importance and may revealed surprises. Patients and Methods: In this observational study, we retrospectively included all patients with a diagnosis of CAH. The diagnosis of CAH was retained based on a high 17 hydroxyprogesterone level in addition to clinical and morphological findings. From patients’ files, we extracted data on family history of disease, pedigree, clinical findings and genetics when available of 39 patients from two endocrinopeadiatric centers. Results: In 13 (30%) families, we found 20 reported deaths of infant less than 12 months. In these 13 families, half of the patients followed had 21 hydroxylase deficiencies and had 11 hydroxylase deficiencies. Unsurprisingly, we suspected adrenal insufficiency in these patients at verbal autopsy even in families with a patient with 11 hydroxylase deficiency. Other non DSD malformations or genetic disorders with apparently no link with CAH were reported in 3 families. The father of a patient reported to have hypospadias. Conclusion: Each diagnosis of CAH made in our context is visible part of an iceberg. Behind a diagnosis of CAH made in our setting, is a long course of care, a dramatic past history revealing access to appropriate care disparity. Neonatal screening should thus be considered as an emergency.

关键词： Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

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巴黎印象 SO/巴黎酒店

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室内设计与装修 2024年第8期 64-69页

作者： [法国]RDAI Guillaume Grasset(摄影) gaelle Le Boulicaut(摄影) 许科(编译) RDAI

脱胎自雅高旗下的SO/酒店,是专为独特生活风格打造的创意奢华品牌,每一家酒店都是前卫新潮的杰作,均出自极具想象力的设计师之手。2011年首家SO/酒店择址毛里求斯,自此开始了室内设计师与艺术大师们的品牌合作。SO/入驻法国巴黎,选择合... 详细信息

脱胎自雅高旗下的SO/酒店,是专为独特生活风格打造的创意奢华品牌,每一家酒店都是前卫新潮的杰作,均出自极具想象力的设计师之手。2011年首家SO/酒店择址毛里求斯,自此开始了室内设计师与艺术大师们的品牌合作。SO/入驻法国巴黎,选择合作的是时装设计师Guillaume Henry。SO/巴黎酒店,坐落在塞纳河畔的莫兰大道综合体内。

关键词：品牌合作时装设计师室内设计师塞纳河畔酒店毛里求斯

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Chinese E-Commerce:Evaluating the Impact of Ratings and Reviews Mechanisms on Consumer Trust——An Empirical Study of Students Perception

Chinese E-Commerce:Evaluating the Impact of Ratings and Revi...

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作者： gaelle Yamdjeu Tiabo 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

When it comes to e-commerce,consumer trust and vendor reputation are often *** traditional face-to-face market,exchanges in the online environment generate transaction risks such as product quality uncertainty or *** risks are all the more intensified in the Chinese online ***,Chinese vendors are often criticized as fraudsters even on traditional *** consumers assume that the risks would be higher on a marketplace without physical interaction and the need to develop more reputational systems becomes *** purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of reputational systems such as online feedbacks（ratings and reviews）on consumer trust and analyze to what extent the implementation of such systems influences the purchasing intention of customers and in turn enhances customer trust in a particular *** an empirical research,I investigated consumers’ familiarity and attitude towards ratings and reviews systems.A survey was conducted as the research strategy and primary data were collected through a *** results of the research show that on the Chinese electronic market,ratings and reviews play a significant part in consumer/vendor *** are positively influenced by positive ratings or ***,a low amount of reviews or a presence of negative reviews durably impacts any future business *** order to create a trustworthier marketplace,vendors need to interact more with consumers and compensate the physical interaction missing on the online marketplace with tools such as instant messaging applications.

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Full-fat insect meals in ruminant nutrition:in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and lipid biohydrogenation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 1102-1117页

作者： Manuela Renna Mauro Coppa Carola Lussiana Aline Le Morvan Laura Gasco gaelle Maxin Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Independent Researcher Universite Clermont AuvergneINRAEVetAgro SupUMR 1213 HerbivoresSaint‑Genes‑ChampanelleFrance Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly Universite Clermont Auvergne INRAEVetAgro SupUMR 1213 HerbivoresSaint‑Genes‑ChampanelleFrance.

Background:The most used protein sources in ruminant nutrition are considered as having negative impacts in terms of environmental sustainability and competition with human ***,the investigation of alternative and sustainable feedstuffs is becoming a priority in ruminant production ***:This trial was designed to evaluate eight full-fat insect meals(Acheta domesticus–ACD;Alphitobius diaperinus–ALD;Blatta lateralis–BL;Gryllus bimaculatus–GB;Grylloides sygillatus–GS;Hermetia illucens–HI;Musca domestica–MD;and Tenebrio molitor–TM)as potential protein and lipid sources in ruminant *** parameters and fatty acids(FA)of rumen digesta after 24-h in vitro ruminal incubation of the tested insect meals were measured and compared with those of three plant-based meals(soybean meal,rapeseed meal and sunflower meal)and fishmeal(FM).Similarly to FM,the insect meals led to a significantly lower total gas production(on average,1.75vs.4.64 mmol/g dry matter-DM),methane production(on average,0.33 vs.0.91 mmol/g DM),volatile FA production(on average,4.12 vs.7.53 mmol/g DM),and in vitro organic matter disappearance(on average,0.32 vs.0.59 g/g)than those observed for the plant *** insect meals also led to lower ammonia of rumen fluid,when expressed as a proportion of total N(on average,0.74 vs.0.52 for the plant and insect meals,respectively),which could be an advantage provided that intestinal digestibility is *** in ruminal fermentation parameters between the insect meals could be partially explained by their chitin,crude protein and ether extract contents,as well as by their FA *** particular,high content of polyunsaturated FA,or C12:0(in HI),seems to partially inhibit the ruminal ***:The tested full-fat insect meals appear to be potentially an interesting protein and lipid source for ruminants,alternative to the less sustainable and commonly used ones of plant *** FA profile of the rum

关键词： Ammonia Fatty acids In vitro digestibility Methane Nutritive value

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Blocking the Metabolism of Starch Breakdown Products in Arabidopsis Leaves Triggers Chloroplast Degradation

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1233-1246页

作者： Michaela Stettler Simona Eicke Tabea Mettler gaelle Messerli Stefan Hortensteiner Samuel C. Zeeman Department of Biology ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Institute of Plant Biology University of Zurich CH-8008 Zurich Switzerland Present address: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm 14476 Germany Present address: Johnson & Johnson Medical CH-8957 Spreitenbach Switzerland

In most plants, a large fraction of photo-assimilated carbon is stored in the chloroplasts during the day as starch and remobilized during the subsequent night to support metabolism. Mutations blocking either starch synthesis or starch breakdown in Arabidopsis thaliana reduce plant growth. Maltose is the major product of starch breakdown exported from the chloroplast at night. The maltose excess 1 mutant （mex1）, which lacks the chloroplast envelope maltose transporter, accumulates high levels of maltose and starch in chloroplasts and develops a distinctive but previously unexplained chlorotic phenotype as leaves mature. The introduction of additional mutations that prevent starch synthesis, or that block maltose production from starch, also prevent chlorosis of mex1. In contrast, introduction of mutations in disproportionating enzyme （DPE1） results in the accumulation of maltotriose in addition to maltose, and greatly increases chlorosis. These data suggest a link between maltose accumulation and chloroplast homeostasis. Microscopic analyses show that the mesophyll cells in chlorotic mex1 leaves have fewer than half the number of chloroplasts than wild-type cells. Transmission electron microscopy reveals autophagy-like chloroplast degradation in both mex1 and the dpe1/mex1 double mutant. Microarray analyses reveal substantial reprogramming of metabolic and cellular processes, suggesting that organellar protein turnover is increased in mex1, though leaf senescence and senescence-related chlorophyll catabolism are not induced. We propose that the accumulation of maltose and malto-oligosaccharides causes chloroplast dysfunction, which may by signaled via a form of retrograde signaling and trigger chloroplast degradation.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism photosynthesis senescence chloroplast biology Arabidopsis autophagy.

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Optimised NSAIDs-loaded Biocompatible Nanoparticles

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Nano-Micro Letters 2010年第4期2卷 247-255页

作者： V.gaelle ROULLIN Maaite CALLEWAERT Michael MOLINARI Franck DELAVOIE Aurelie SECONDE Marie-Christine ANDRY Institut de Chimie Mole culaire de Reims CNRS UMR 6229UFR Pharmacie Reims Laboratoire de Microscopies et d’Etudes des Nanostructures UFR des SciencesUniversitéde Reims Champagne-Ardenne Laboratoire de Microscopie Electronique Analytique INSERM UMRS 92621 rue Clement Ader51685 Reims Cedex 2France

In this formulation study,biocompatible non steroidal anti-inflammatory(NSAIDs)-loaded nanoparticles were designed as models to be further integrated in a prosthesis surface functionalization.A modified spontaneous emulsion-solvent diffusion methodology was used to produce drug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles without any purification or solvent evaporation *** parameters,such as lactide/glycolide ratio,polymer concentration,solvent/non solvent ratio and non solvent phase,as well as the non ionic tensioactive P188 co-precipitation composition were systematically *** optimized formulation(mean size:145 nm,surface charge:-13 m V) was employed to encapsulate various amounts of NSAIDs in a simple and scalable *** drug release was characterized in vitro by a complete release for 48 *** results encourage upcoming preliminary steps for in vivo experiments of prosthesis surface functionalization.

关键词： Drug delivery systems(DDS) Biocompatible Emulsion-solvent diffusion method PLGA Glycofurol Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)

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