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Preliminary study on investigation of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in endemic foci of Ethiopia by detecting Leishmania infections in rodents

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第4期10卷 396-400页

作者： Wossenseged Lemma Asrat Bizuneh Habte Tekie Habtamu Belay Hirut Wondimu Aysheshm Kassahun Welelta Shiferaw Meshesha Balkew Ibrahim Abassi gad baneth Asrat Hailu Department of Medical Parasitology School of Biomedical and Laboratory SciencesCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Gondar Department of Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologySchool of MedicineAddis Ababa University Department of Zoological Sciences College of Natural ScienceAddis Ababa University Department of Parasitology Faculty of ScienceCharles University in Prague Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canadathe Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseasesthe Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School School of Veterinary Medicine Hebrew University

Objective:To investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extra-domestic agricultural fields and rural ***:Rodents were collected from selected study sites in kala-azar endemic areas based on information for localities of kala-azar cases for screening of Leshmania infections using parasitological,serological and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from March.2013 to January,***(Clorketam Veterinary) was used to anaesthesize the rodents according the prescribed dosage(average 2 mg/kg for intra-venous route).The blood obtained using sterile needle was dropped into sterile filter paper and allowed to air dry before sealing in plastic *** tissues from liver,spleen and skin were macerated in Locke's solution before transferring them into NNN *** and touch smears of liver,spleen,skin and bone marrow were prepared for fixing using methanol and staining by Giemsa stain for *** tissues were also ascd for DNA extractions and PCR amplification of Leishmania ***:A total of 335 rodents(13 species) were analyzed by sampling internal *** infection rate by PCR was 11.1%(6/54) for Arvicanthis nilothicas compared to 17.6%(3/17) and 12.5%(2/16) for Acomys cahirinus and Tarera(C) robustus *** all the infections were found from bone marrow samples(8/48 or 16.7%) compared with 1/91(1.1%) liver,2/87(2.2%) spleen and 0/87(0%) *** all study sites with past human VL cases,rodents and proved vectors shared similar ***:Leishmania donovani might circulate among different species of rodents in kala-azar endemic lowlands and valleys of Ethiopia by Phlebotamus orientalis and Phlebotomus *** studies to substantiate the preliminary data on the possible role of these rodents arc urgently needed.

关键词： Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis Phlebotomus orientalis Phlebotomus martini Leishmania donovani Reservoir hosts Ethiopia

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Microchemical Characterization of Natural Gold and Copper Alloys from the Ancient Um Shashoba Gold Mine, South Egypt

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第1期88卷 196-212页

作者： Mohamed Abdallah gad DARWISH Geology Department Faculty of Science Aswan University

The SEM-EDX technique was applied to investigate Au, and Cu＋Sn alloyed grains in the mineralization of the Um Shashoba mine for achieving further understanding of occurrences, internal structures and microchemistry of Au and Cu alloys and associated minerals, and mineralization type. This study is aiming at the genetic history of ore-bearing fluid events, geochemical evaluation and exploration significance. The results showed that the mineralization could be considered as a single major episode generated by metamorphic mesothermal solution rich in sulfides and unsaturated respect to Au. It was differentiated into many stages; started with formation of auriferous pyrite that was pseudomorphed by secondary hematite, limonite and goethite. Three phases of Au alloy were precipitated, and Cu＋Sn and Ag-rich alloys were produced respectively and followed by deposition of two generations of barren pyrite. Calcite and ankerite were crystalized, surrounded and partially replaced some of early formed minerals. Finally, barren muscovite recrystallized around and inside both later formed carbonate minerals that were free of any sign of Au in their structures. The processes of deformation, recrystallization, annealing, dissolution, remobilization and re-precipitation played the most important roles in the genetic history of the mineralization.

关键词： SEM–EDX analyses Au and Cu alloy grains Um Shashoba gold mine Egypt

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Geochemical Stream Sediment Survey in the Wadi Umm Rilan Area,South Eastern Desert,Egypt:A New Occurrence for Gold Mineralization

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第3期91卷 1041-1062页

作者： Mohamed Abdallah gad DARWISH Geology Department Faculty of ScienceAswan University

The present paper investigates the stream sediment geochemistry, behavior of gold and associated elements, delineates Au-anomalous sites and defines related sources in the Wadi Umm Rilan area. Fifty three major and trace elements were analyzed using ICP-MS and treated applying various statistical and mapping techniques. The results showed a significant difference of mean and median Au and most chemical elements in the three portions of the area, and higher values were recorded in the western portion. Furthermore, Au-anomalous sites appeared in upper and lower parts of the Wadi Umm Rilan, along the tributaries of metavolcanic unit and near granitoid contacts. This indicates the main source of Au mineralization is related to emplacement of granitoid plutons and accompanying hydrothermal solutions. There are significant indications for the presence of more than one mineralization event forming a probable single major episode of mineralization in the area, involving Au, Pb and U mineralizations. Geology, geomorphologic aspects and weathering processes could control stream sediment geochemistry, anomalies of Au and associated elements, elemental association and their dispersion patterns. Therefore, the area is fruitful and regarded as a promising target for Au exploration, using Ag, As, Sb, Cd, Cs, and TI as pathfinder elements.

关键词： geochemical survey stream sediments Au mineralization Wadi Umm Rilan area southEastern Desert Egypt

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New Insights into the Shikimate and Aromatic Amino Acids Biosynthesis Pathways in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 956-972页

作者： Vered Tzin gad Galili Department of Plant Sciences The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel

The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan in plants are not only essential components of protein synthesis, but also serve as precursors for a wide range of secondary metabolites that are important for plant growth as well as for human nutrition and health. The aromatic amino acids are synthesized via the shikimate pathway followed by the branched aromatic amino acids biosynthesis pathway, with chorismate serving as a major intermediate branch point metabolite. Yet, the regulation and coordination of synthesis of these amino acids are still far from being understood. Recent studies on these pathways identified a number of alternative cross-regulated biosynthesis routes with unique evolutionary origins. Although the major route of Phe and Tyr biosynthesis in plants occurs via the intermediate metabolite arogenate, recent studies suggest that plants can also synthesize phenylalanine via the intermediate metabolite phenylpyruvate （PPY）, similarly to many microorganisms. Recent studies also identified a number of transcription factors regulating the expression of genes encoding enzymes of the shikimate and aromatic amino acids pathways as well as of multiple secondary metabolites derived from them in Arabidopsis and in other plant species. .

关键词： Carbon metabolism metabolomics metabolic regulation primary metabolism secondary metabolism-- phenylpropanoids and phenolics volatiles

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Geochemical and Environmental Evaluation of Um Shashoba Gold Mine Area,Southeastern Desert,Egypt

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第4期85卷 881-898页

作者： Mohamed Abdallah gad DARWISH Geology Department Aswan Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley UniversityPost No.81528 AswanEgypt

A suite of elements（Ag,Au,Ba,Bi,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Ga,Hf,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Rb,Sb,Se, Sr,Te and Zn）,total organic carbon（TOC）and pH were analyzed in stream sediment and tailing samples from Um Shashoba area,in order to evaluate Au placer and the sediments being impacted by old mining *** results were examined using statistical,graphical and mapping *** spite of the results revealing that Au and most of the elements in sediments were in general significantly lower than those in tailing,Au was concentrated in the NE and SW parts forming Au *** is remarkably a close association of Au with Hg and Sb;both are useful as pathfinder elements for Au *** of pH could not control a fate of analyzed elements,whereas TOC and Mn oxides and hydroxides could uptake some elements Au,Ba,Co,Cr,Hg,Ni,and *** results also indicated that the sediments were contaminated by anthropogenic factors causing moderate,strong to very strong pollution with respect to Bi,Se and Te,***,geogenic factors could also contribute elemental enrichment to the drainage system and cause significant toxicity level.

关键词： geochemical exploration environmental evaluation Um Shashoba gold mine Egypt

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Geochemistry of the High Dam Lake sediments,south Egypt:implications for environmental significance

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第4期28卷 544-559页

作者： Mohamed Abdallah gad DARWISH Geology department Faculty of ScienceAswan University

The goal of the present work is to perform a geochemical assessment of High Dam Lake bottom sediments for determining the fate,dispersion and levels of trace elements causing environmental pollution,and provided an access to their probable *** sediment samples were analyzed using ICP-MS for 20 elements;Ag,Ba,Cr,Cu,Ga,Hf,Mn,Pb,Rb,Sc,Sc,Sn,Sr,Ta Th Ti,T1,U,V and Zr,and their obtained data were treated using statistical,graphical and mapping *** results showed the data set of all analyzed elements affected by outliers and extreme values that caused deviation away from *** Wallis test revealed that median of some trace clement levels in Lake sediments,was not significantly different and other elements rejected the Null *** analyzed elements had high values of median and mean in sediments of Lake Nubia rather than Lake Nasser and their normalization gave the same results of calculated environment ***,Lake Nubia sediments possessed high combined EF levels of Th,Sc,Sn,Ag,Zr,Hf,Ta,Sr,U,Ti,V,Cr,and Mn,causing significant contamination,which was great potentially related to industrial,agricultural,urbanization and mining ***,combined EF of Se,Cu,Ga,Pb,Ba,Rb,and Tl,which are highly elevated in southern Lake Nasser sediments owing to their source are great possibly derived from Lake Nubia and geogenic *** decreasing distance towards the High Dam body,the contaminant elements were diminished due to reduction in the environmental factors and Sudanese pollution sources leading to the northern Lake Nasser considered to be less ***,the present study is an environmental alert for contaminated sediments that carried contaminants and considered the secondary source of pollution impact on ecosystem,and subsequently,their environmental risk on Human health.

关键词： Geochemistry High Dam Lake sediments Environmental significance South Egypt

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Feature selection approach using ensemble learning for network anomaly detection

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2020年第4期5卷 283-293页

作者： Doreswamy Mohammad Kazim Hooshmand Ibrahim gad Department of Computer Science Mangalore UniversityMangaloreIndia

Feature selection is essential for prioritising important attributes in data to improve prediction quality in machine learning *** different selection techniques identify different feature sets,relying on a single method may result in risky *** authors propose an ensemble approach using union and quorum combination techniques with five primary individual selection methods which are analysis of variance,variance threshold,sequential backward search,recursive feature elimination,and least absolute selection and shrinkage *** proposed method reduces features in three rounds:(i)discard redundant features using pairwise correlation,(ii)individual methods select their own feature sets independently,and(iii)equalise individual feature *** equalised individual feature sets are combined using union and quorum *** the combined and individual sets are tested for network anomaly detection using random forest,decision tree,K-nearest neighbours,Gaussian Naive Bayes,and logistic regression *** experimental results on the UNSW-NB15 data set show that random forest with union and quorum feature sets yields 99 and 99.02% f1_score with minimum 6 and 12 features,*** results on the NSL-KDD data set show that random forest with union and quorum gets 99.34 and 99.21% f1_score with a minimum of 28 and 18 features.

关键词： union ensemble network

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Whole-Plant Live Imaging of Reactive Oxygen Species

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Molecular Plant 2019年第9期12卷 1203-1210页

作者： Yosef Fichman gad Miller Ron Mittler The Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group College of AgricultureFood and Natural ResourcesChristopher S.Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri1201 Rollins StreetColumbiaMO 65201USA The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-llan UniversityThe Gonda Medical Diagnostic Research Building(204)Room 211Ramat-Gan 52900Israel Department of Surgery University of Missouri School of Medicine1 Hospital DriveColumbiaMO 65212USA

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are key regulators of numerous subcellular,cellular,and systemic *** function in plants as an integral part of many different hormonal,physiological,and developmental pathways,as well as play a critical role in defense and acclimation responses to different biotic and abiotic *** many ROS imaging techniques have been developed and utilized in plants,a wholeplant imaging platform for the dynamic detection of ROS in mature plants is *** we report a robust and straightforward method for the whole-plant live imaging of ROS in mature plants grown in *** new method could be used to study local and systemic ROS signals in different genetic variants,conduct phenotyping studies to identify new pathways for ROS signaling,monitor the stress level of different plants and mutants,and unravel novel routes of ROS integration into stress,growth regulation,and development in *** demonstrate the utility of this new method for studying systemic ROS signals in different A rabidopsis mutants and wound responses in cereals such as wheat and corn.

关键词： live imaging ROS stress systemic signaling whole plant

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The Fibrillar Matrix:Novel Avenues for Breast Cancer Detection and Treatment

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Engineering 2021年第10期7卷 1375-1380页

作者： Rasha Rezk Raquel Marín-García Annica K.B.gad Weston Park Cancer Centre Department of Oncology and MetabolismThe Medical SchoolThe University of SheffieldSheffield S102RXUnited Kingdom Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB21PZUnited Kingdom Madeira Chemistry Research Center University of MadeiraFunchal 9020105Portugal

Breast cancer is marked by large increases in the protein fibers around tumor *** fibers increase the mechanical stiffness of the tissue,which has long been used for tumor diagnosis by manual *** research in bioengineering has led to the development of novel biomaterials that model the mechanical and architectural properties of the tumor microenvironment and can be used to understand how these cues regulate the growth and spread of breast ***,we provide an overview of how the mechanical properties of breast tumor tissues differ from those of normal breast tissue and noncancerous *** also describe how biomaterial models make it possible to understand how the stiffness and viscosity of the extracellular environment regulate cell migration and breast cancer *** highlight the need for biomaterial models that allow independent analysis of the individual and different mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment and that use cells derived from different regions within *** models will guide the development of novel mechano-based therapies against breast cancer metastasis.

关键词： Breast cancer Tissue stiffness Cancer metastasis Cell migration Bioengineered scaffold Viscosity

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Is aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation beneficial in acute pancreatitis? A meta-analysis of randomized control trials and cohort studies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第10期26卷 1098-1106页

作者： Mohamed M gad C.Roberto Simons-Linares Internal Medicine Department Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Digestive Disease InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

BACKGROUND There is conflincting evidence on the intravenous fluid(IVF)strategy for acute pancreatitis(AP).We perform a metaanalysis of the available *** To investigate if aggressive IVF therapy in AP patients is beneficial to decrease mortality and improve *** Metaanalysis of available randomized controlled trials and cohort studies comparing aggressive IVF vs non-aggressive IVF *** There was no significant difference in mortality between the aggressive(n=1229)and non-aggressive IVF(n=1397)*** receiving aggressive IVF therapy had higher risk for acute kidney injury and acute respiratory distress *** also was no significant difference in the overall incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome,persistent organ failure,pancreatic necrosis when comparing both study *** Early aggressive IVF therapy did not improve ***,aggressive IVF therapy could potentially increase the risk for acute kidney injury and pulmonary edema leading to respiratory failure and mechanical *** are needed to investigate which subset of AP patients could benefit from aggressive IVF therapy.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Intravenous fluid resuscitation Aggressive fluid resuscitation

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