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Emerging role of the gut microbiome in post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome:A literature review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第21期29卷 3241-3256页

作者： Vasile Valeriu Lupu Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc gabriela stefanescu Cristina Maria Mihai Alina Popp Maria Oana Sasaran Laura Bozomitu Iuliana Magdalena Starcea Anca Adam Raileanu Ancuta Lupu Faculty of General Medicine “Grigore T.Popa”University of Medicine and PharmacyIasi 700115Romania Faculty of General Medicine Ovidius UniversityConstanta 900470Romania Faculty of General Medicine “Carol Davila”University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 020021Romania Faculty of General Medicine “George Emil Palade”University of MedicinePharmacyScience and TechnologyTargu Mures 540142Romania

Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)is a particular type of IBS,with symptom onset after an acute episode of infectious gastroenteritis.Despite infectious disease resolution and clearance of the inciting pathogen agent,10%of patients will develop PI-IBS.In susceptible individuals,the exposure to pathogenic organisms leads to a marked shift in the gut microbiota with prolonged changes in host-microbiota interactions.These changes can affect the gut-brain axis and the visceral sensitivity,disrupting the intestinal barrier,altering neuromuscular function,triggering persistent low inflammation,and sustaining the onset of IBS symptoms.There is no specific treatment strategy for PI-IBS.Different drug classes can be used to treat PI-IBS similar to patients with IBS in general,guided by their clinical symptoms.This review summarizes the current evidence for microbial dysbiosis in PI-IBS and analyzes the available data regarding the role of the microbiome in mediating the central and peripheral dysfunctions that lead to IBS symptoms.It also discusses the current state of evidence on therapies targeting the microbiome in the management of PI-IBS.The results of microbial modulation strategies used in relieving IBS symptomatology are encouraging.Several studies on PI-IBS animal models reported promising results.However,published data that describe the efficacy and safety of microbial targeted therapy in PI-IBS patients are scarce.Future research is required.

关键词： Gut microbiome Infectious gastroenteritis Irritable bowel syndrome Post infection syndrome Pathophysiology Inflammation

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Exploring innovative synthetic solutions for advanced polymer-based electrochromic energy storage devices:Phenoxazine as a promising chromophore

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 433-452页

作者： Catalin-Paul Constantin Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu gabriela Lisa “Petru Poni”Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Electroactive Polymers&Plasmochemistry Laboratory41A Grigore Ghica Voda AlleyIasi 700487Romania “Gh.Asachi”Technical University Iasi Faculty of Chemical EngineeringBd.Mangeron 71Iasi 700050Romania

The current investigation offers an innovative synthetic solution regarding electrochromic(EC)and energy storage applications by exploring phenoxazine(POZ)moiety.Subsequently,three POZ-based polymers(polyimide,polyazomethine,and polyamide)were synthesized to ascertain the superior performer.The polyamide exhibited remarkable attributes,including high redox stability during 500 repetitive CVs,optical contrast of 61.98%,rapid response times of 1.02 and 1.38 s for coloring and bleaching,EC efficiency of 280 cm^(2)C^(-1).and decays of the optical density and EC efficiency of only 12.18%and 6.23%after 1000 cycles.Then,the energy storage performance of polyamide PA was tested,for which the following parameters were obtained:74.7 F g^(-1)(CV,scan rate of 10 mV s^(-1))and 118 F g^(-1)(GCD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)).Then,the polyamide was tested in EES devices,which yielded the following EC parameters:an optical contrast of 62.15%,response times of 9.24 and 5.01 s for coloring and bleaching,EC efficiency of 178 cm^(2)C^(-1),and moderate decays of 20.25%and 23.24%for the optical density and EC efficiency after 500 cycles.The energy storage performance included a capacitance of 106 F g^(-1)(CV,scan rate of 0.1 mV s^(-1))and 9.23 F g^(-1)(GCD,charging current of 0.1 A g^(-1)),capacitance decay of 11.9%after500 cycles,and 1.7 V retention after 2 h.Also,two EES devices connected in series powered a 3 V LED for almost 30 s.

关键词： Polymers Phenoxazine Electrochromic Energy storage Electrochromi cenergy storage devices

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Could the burden of pancreatic cancer originate in childhood?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第32期27卷 5322-5340页

作者： Smaranda Diaconescu Georgiana Emmanuela Gîlcă-Blanariu Silvia Poamaneagra Otilia Marginean gabriela Paduraru gabriela stefanescu Department of Pediatrics “Grigore T.Popa”University of Medicine and PharmacyIasi 700115Romania Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology St Mary Emergency Children's HospitalIasi 700309Romania Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology "Grigore T.Popa"University of Medicine and PharmacyIasi 700115Romania Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “St.Spiridon”Emergency HospitalIasi 700111Romania Doctoral School George Emil Palade University of MedicinePharmacyScience and TechnologyTargu Mures 540142Romania Department of Pediatrics Research Center of Disturbance of Growth and Development on Children-BeliveUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy“Victor Babes”TimisoaraTimisoara 300041Romania First Clinic of Pediatrics "Louis Turcanu"Emergency Childen's HospitalTimisoara 300011Romania

The presence of pancreatic cancer during childhood is extremely rare,and physicians may be tempted to overlook this diagnosis based on age criteria.However,there are primary malignant pancreatic tumors encountered in pediatric patients,such as pancreatoblastoma,and tumors considered benign in general but may present a malignant potential,such as the solid pseudo-papillary tumor,insulinoma,gastrinoma,and vasoactive intestinal peptide secreting tumor.Their early diagnosis and management are of paramount importance since the survival rates tend to differ for various types of these conditions.Many pediatric cancers may present pancreatic metastases,such as renal cell carcinoma,which may evolve with pancreatic metastatic disease even after two or more decades.Several childhood diseases may create a predisposition for the development of pancreatic cancer during adulthood;hence,there is a need for extensive screening strategies and complex programs to facilitate the transition from pediatric to adult healthcare.Nevertheless,genetic studies highlight the fact the specific gene mutations and family aggregations may be correlated with a special predisposition towards pancreatic cancer.This review aims to report the main pancreatic cancers diagnosed during childhood,the most important childhood diseases predisposing to the development of pancreatic malignancies,and the gene mutations associates with pancreatic malignant tumors.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic metastasis Childhood Adult Screening Transition

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Supplementation of vitamin E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and health of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral or heat-stressed conditions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1101-1118页

作者： Ysenia V.Silva‑Guillen Consuelo Arellano Jeffrey Wiegert R.Dean Boyd gabriela E.Martinez Eric van Heugten Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Animal Nutrition Research LLCAlvatonKY 42122USA.

Background Heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic losses.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal health,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress conditions.Methods Duplicate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,respectively.Pigs(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplementation treatments(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results Heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplementation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(P<0.001)with vitamin E supplementation in water and in feed(1.64 vs.3.59 and 1.64 vs.3.24),but not for the botanical extract(1.64 vs.1.67 mg/kg)and was greater when supplemented in water vs.feed(P=0.002).Liver vitamin E increased(P<0.001)with vitamin E supplementations in water(3.9 vs.31.8)and feed(3.9 vs.18.0),but not with the botanical extract(3.9 vs.4.9 mg/kg).Serum malondialdehyde was reduced with heat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,P<0.001),and was greater(P<0.05)for antioxidant supplementation compared to control.Cellular proliferation was reduced(P=0.037)in the jejunum under heat stress,but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress(P<0.05)and was reduced by vitamin E sup-plementations under heat

关键词： Botanical extract Growing pigs Heat stress Immune status Oxidative status Tocopherol Water

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What is the effect of Tribulus terrestris on testicular morphology and sperm production?An experimental study in the rat model

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第1期26卷 67-70页

作者： Marcello Henrique Araujo Da Silva gabriela Faria Buys-Goncalves Joao Henrique Duque Reis Estrada Francisco Jose Barcellos Sampaio Diogo Benchimol de Souza Urogenital Research Unit Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro 20551-030RJBrazil

The objective of this study was to investigate whether treatment with Tribulus terrestris(Tt)has any impact on the testicular morphology and function in a rodent model.Twenty male rats were divided into a control group and a group receiving 100 mg kg^(-1) body weight of Tt supplementation.After 4o days of experiment,the animals were submitted to euthanasia;epididymal tail spermatozoa were collected;and spermatozoa concentration,motility,and viability were analyzed.In addition,testicles were collected and processed for histomorphometrical analyses.Data were compared using the Student's t-test and considered significant when P

关键词： morphometry testicle Tribulus terrestris

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Environmental changes affect picoplanktonic composition in Antarctic Peninsula ponds

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 108-122页

作者： Micaela DÍAZ Leonardo LAGOMARSINO gabriela MATALONI Marianela BELTRÁN Marcela LIBERTELLI Paulina FERMANI Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática INTECH-UNSAM-CONICETChascomús 7130Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y de la Salud UNPSJBComodoro Rivadavia 9000Argentina Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Limnología y Biología de la Conservación3IA-UNSAM-CONICETBuenos Aires 1650Argentina Departamento de Biología de Predadores Tope Instituto Antártico ArgentinoBuenos Aires 1650Argentina Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental IBIOMAR/CESIMAR-CENPAT-CONICETPuerto Madryn 9120Argentina

Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the largest global warming events worldwide.Shallow water bodies generated by the melting of snow in summer are numerous,and they might act as sentinels of climate change due to their rapid response and ability to integrate catchment information.Shifts in climate can influence the structure of microbial communities which dominate these freshwaters ecosystems.Here,we characterize three ponds at Cierva Point(Antarctic Peninsula)by examining their physico-chemical and morphological characteristics and we explored how different factors modify the structure of the microbial community.We studied the abundance and biomass of heterotrophic bacteria,picocyanobacteria and picoeukaryote algae during January and February of two consecutive summers(2017 and 2018).We found that ponds had different limnological characteristics,due to their location,geomorphological features and presence of the surrounding flora and fauna.Physico-chemical parameters as well as microbial community differed between ponds,months and years.In 2017,most ponds were oligo to mesotrophic states.The larger accumulated rainfall(as a result of environmental changes on the Antarctic Peninsula)during 2018,particularly in February,causes nutrient runoff into water bodies.This affects those ponds with the highest seabird circulation,such as gentoo penguin,increasing eutrophication.As a result,picoplanktonic abundances were higher,and the community structure shifts to a largely heterotrophic bacteria dominated one.These results suggest that these communities could act as sentinels to environmental changes,anticipating a future with mostly hypertrophic ponds.

关键词： microorganisms freshwater environments climate change Cierva Point

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Split-dose or hybrid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and Nacetylcysteine therapy for prevention of post-retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第3期7卷 300-310页

作者： Laura Pavel Gheorghe Gh Balan Alexandra Nicorescu Georgiana Emmanuela Gilca-Blanariu Catalin Sfarti Stefan Chiriac Smaranda Diaconescu Vasile Liviu Drug Gheorghe Balan gabriela stefanescu Gastroenterology "Grigore T.Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Endocrinology "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Mother and Child Medicine "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy

BACKGROUND Despite significant technical and training improvements, the incidence of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) pancreatitis(PEP) has not significantly dropped. Although many studies have evaluated the efficacy of various agents, e.g. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, octreotide,antioxidants, administered via various dosages, routes(oral, intrarectal or parenteral), and schedules(before or after the procedure), the results have been conflicting.AIM To evaluate efficacy of three pharmacologic prophylactic methods for prevention of PEP.METHODS In this prospective, single-center randomized trial, patients who underwent firsttime ERCP for choledocholithiasis were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group received 600 mg N-acetylcysteine 15 min prior to ERCP, and perrectum administration of 50 mg indomethacin both prior to and after completion of the ERCP. The second group was administered only the 50 mg indomethacin per-rectum both prior to and after the ERCP. The third group was administeredper-rectum 100 mg indomethacin only after the ERCP, representing the control group given the guideline-recommended regimen. The primary end-point was PEP prevention.RESULTS Among the total 211 patients evaluated during the study, 186 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and completed the protocol. The percentages of patients who developed PEP in each of the three groups were not significantly different(χ2 =2.793, P = 0.247). Among the acute PEP cases, for all groups, 14 patients developed mild pancreatitis(77.77%) and 4 moderate. No severe cases of PEP occurred, and in all PEP cases the resolution was favorable. No adverse events related to the medications(digestive hemorrhage, rectal irritation, or allergies)occurred.CONCLUSION The efficacies of split-dose indomethacin and combined administration(Nacetylcysteine with indomethacin) for preventing PEP were similar to that of the standard regimen.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Prophylaxis Postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs N-acetylcysteine

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Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 135-145页

作者： Sandra gabriela Sánchez-González Bárbara gabriela Cárdenas-del-Castillo Elvira Garza-González Gerardo R Padilla-Rivas Isaías Rodríguez-Balderrama Consuelo Treviño-Garza Fernando Félix Montes-Tapia Gerardo C Palacios-Saucedo Anthony Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Manuel Enrique de-la-O-Cavazos Department of Pediatrics Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico Department of Pediatric Surgery Hospital Universitario"Dr.JoséEleuterio González"Monterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico

BACKGROUND Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several complications.Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial microorganisms,such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.AIM To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less.METHODS An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital Dr.JoséEleuterio González at Monterrey,Mexico.A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding(BM)and mixed feeding(MF)groups(21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group),from October 2017 to June 2019.Fecal samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding type.After full enteral feeding was achieved,the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Numerical variables were compared using Student’s t-test or using the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric variables.Dominance,evenness,equitability,Margalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,Chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also calculated.RESULTS No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the groups.Class comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group(P<0.011).In addition,higher counts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample(P=0.040).According to the Margalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and Chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(P<0.050).The four predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria,with Proteobacteria being the most abundant.However,no significant differences were observed between the initial and final samples

关键词： Gut microbiota Human milk Preterm infant Proteobacteria Very low birth weight 16S rRNA

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Association of donor hepatectomy time with liver transplantation outcomes: A multicenter retrospective study

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 130-140页

作者： Geisiane Custodio Andrew Maykon Massutti Aline Caramori Taynara Gonçalves Pereira Augusto Dalazen gabriela Scheidt Ludmilla Thomazini Cristiane Bauermann Leitão Tatiana Helena Rech Department of Intensive Care Unit Hospital Santa IsabelBlumenau-Santa Catarina CEP-89010906Brazil Transplant Division Hospital Santa IsabelBlumenau-Santa Catarina CEP-89010906Brazil School of Medicine Universidade Regional de Blumenau(FURB)Blumenau-Santa Catarina CEP-89010906Brazil School of Medicine Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-903Brazil Departement of Endocrinology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-903Rio Grande do SulBrazil Department of Internal Medicine Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreDivision of Intensive Care MedicinePorto Alegre 90035-903Brazil

BACKGROUND Prolonged donor hepatectomy time may be implicated in early and late complications of liver transplantation.AIM To evaluate the impact of donor hepatectomy time on outcomes of liver transplant recipients,mainly early allograft dysfunction.METHODS This multicenter retrospective study included brain-dead donors and adult liver graft recipients.Donor-recipient matching was obtained through a crossover list.Clinical and laboratory data were recorded for both donors and recipients.Donor hepatectomy,cold ischemia,and warm ischemia times were recorded.Primary outcome was early allograft dysfunction.Secondary outcomes included need for retransplantation,length of intensive care unit and hospital stay,and patient and graft survival at 12 months.RESULTS From January 2019 to December 2021,a total of 243 patients underwent a liver transplant from a brain-dead donor.Of these,57(25%)developed early allograft dysfunction.The median donor hepatectomy time was 29(23–40)min.Patients with early allograft dysfunction had a median hepatectomy time of 25(22–38)min,whereas those without it had a median time of 30(24–40)min(P=0.126).CONCLUSION Donor hepatectomy time was not associated with early allograft dysfunction,graft survival,or patient survival following liver transplantation.

关键词： Brain death Hepatectomy Liver transplantation Early allograft dysfunction Graft survival

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Improving the training abilities of ophthalmic educators: the Ophthalmology Foundation’s initiatives

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第1期9卷 1-3页

作者： Karl Golnik Yip Chee Chew gabriela Palis Meenakshi Swaminathan Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Cincinnati CincinnatiOHUSA. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Khoo Teck Puat HospitalSingaporeSingapore Ophthalmology Department Hospital Italiano de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Capstone Clinic ChennaiIndia Sri Ramachandra Medical College ChennaiIndia

Our goal as medical educators is for our students to learn what they need to know and competently perform ophthalmic procedures.In addition,the students need to have good communication skills and behave professionally and ethically(1,2).Most medical educators are not taught how to teach but rather learn by role-modeling their mentors.This can be good or bad depending on the mentor!In addition,the amount of knowledge and numbers of surgical procedures is ever increasing and yet,in most countries,the amount of time to train and become competent is not changing.Thus,our goal of creating competent ophthalmologists is ever more challenging.

关键词： Ophthalmology Foundation teaching skills feedback

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