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Long-term olfactory loss post-COVID-19:Pathobiology and potential therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 148-155页

作者： Sarah Kim John B.Finlay Tiffany Ko Bradley J.goldstein Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Medical Scientist Training Program Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Neurobiology Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

An acute loss of smell emerged as a striking symptom present in roughly half of the people infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus in the early phases of the COVID-19 *** most COVID-19 patients,olfaction recovers over the course of a few ***,a lasting partial or complete loss of smell,often associated with distorted olfactory perceptions termed parosmia,has emerged as a widespread problem impacting at least 5%-10%of those who experience anosmia due to *** inability to offer effective therapies to this hyposmic or anosmic population,comprising millions of patients,highlights an enormous unmet need for the medical ***,we summarize the current understanding of the pathobiology causing acute olfactory loss due to SARS-CoV-2 infection,focusing on how the virus interacts with the peripheral olfactory system,a major site of viral *** also explore the problem of long-COVID olfactory dysfunction,which may accompany other persistent systemic disorders collectively termed postacute sequelae of ***,we discuss an emerging model focused on unresolved immune cell activity driving ongoing ***,we review current and future therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring olfactory function.

关键词： hyposmia inflammation long-COVID parosmia

Cancer Burden and Trends,and Prevention Strategy in the Eastern Asia Region

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Cancer Burden and Trends,and Prevention Strategy in the East...

The molecular basis for ethnic variation and histological subtype differences in prostate cancer

北京论坛（2006）文明的和谐与共同繁荣—对人类文明方式的思考

作者： binh yang goldstein Donald Maxwell Parkin Department of Epidemiology University of CaliforniaLos Angeles(UCLA)School of Public HealthCA 90095USA Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit uffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordRadcliffe InfirmaryOxford OX2 6HEUK

This paper describes the current cancer burden and time trends,makes future projections for the top eight cancers(stomach,lung,liver,esophagus,colon/rectum,breast,leukemia,and cervix), and discusses dominant risk factors and prevention and control strategies in the Eastern Asia region(China,Korea,Japan,and Mongolia).In 2002,Eastern Asia had over 2.8 million new cancer cases,over 2 million cancer deaths,and 4.9 million people living with *** future cancer trends through the year 2050 are projected based on population dynamics,including population growth and *** million new cancer cases and 4.5 million deaths from cancer are projected in the region in *** current cancer burden and the future projection provide facts that cancer is and will be a very serious public health problem in the Eastern Asia region. Those results will assist public health officers and cancer researchers in the design and establishment of public health policies,prioritization of public health resources,design of future research,and application of current knowledge in the prevention and control of cancer in the region.

关键词： Cancer burden risk factors time trends prevention cancer projections Eastern Asia China Korea Japan Mongolia

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2013年第9期56卷 780-787页

作者： ZONG yang goldstein Andrew S. HUANG JiaoTi Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Departments of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Urology University of California Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research University of California Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy among men in Western countries. Recently the morbidity and mortality of prostate cancer increase dramatically in several oriental countries including China. Rapidly evolving technology in molecular biology such as high-throughput sequencing and integrative analysis of genomic and transcriptomic landscapes have enabled the identification of key oncogenic events for prostate cancer initiation, progression and resistance to hormonal therapy. These surging data of prostate cancer genome also provide insights on ethnic variation and the differences in histological subtype of this disease. In this review, differences in the incidence of prostate cancer and the prevalence of main genetic alterations between Asian and Western populations are discussed. We also review the recent findings on the mechanisms underlying neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer and the development of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma after androgen deprivation therapy.

关键词： prostate cancer castration resistance neuroendocrine differentiation small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma

基于R2AU-Net的InSAR相位解缠方法

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测绘学报 2024年第3期53卷 435-449页

作者：何毅杨旺朱庆兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院甘肃兰州730070 地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心甘肃兰州730070 甘肃省地理国情监测工程实验室甘肃兰州730070 西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院四川成都611756

InSAR相位解缠的质量直接影响地形高程或地表形变的反演精度。传统的基于非机器学习模型的相位解缠方法(如基于路径跟踪或最小范数)在低相干性或相位梯度较大(干涉条纹密集)的区域难以获得正确解缠结果。深度神经网络算法在非线性表示... 详细信息

InSAR相位解缠的质量直接影响地形高程或地表形变的反演精度。传统的基于非机器学习模型的相位解缠方法(如基于路径跟踪或最小范数)在低相干性或相位梯度较大(干涉条纹密集)的区域难以获得正确解缠结果。深度神经网络算法在非线性表示和特征表达能力方面具有独特优势,被广泛应用于数字图像处理研究中,InSAR相位解缠可视为图像回归。本文提出基于R2AU-Net深度神经网络的InSAR相位解缠方法。首先,基于数学分形法模拟成对的缠绕和解缠相位,避免了外部DEM合成相位时引入的固有误差和残缺问题,保持了地貌特征的多样性及复杂性,得到模型训练所需的数据集。然后,基于传统的U-Net模型构建R2AU-Net相位解缠模型,该模型结合注意力机制增强了模型对于卷积特征筛选能力,提高了在低相干或条纹密集区域的解缠性能;使用循环残差卷积结构,避免了梯度消失问题,增强了模型特征表示能力。最后,利用模拟和真实数据进行试验分析,结果表明本文提出的R2AU-Net相位解缠模型能够更有效地保留地形高程或真实地表形变信息,提高了解缠结果的可靠性,在性能表现上优于goldstein枝切法、SNAPHU方法及CNN和U-Net相位解缠模型。

关键词： InSAR 相位解缠深度神经网络 U-Net 地表形变

Novel transparent MgGa_(2)O_(4) and Ni^(2+)-doped MgGa_(2)O_(4) ceramics

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第3期11卷 470-481页

作者： Guangran ZHANG Adrian goldstein Yiquan WU Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering New York State College of CeramicsAlfred UniversityAlfredNew York 14802USA Israel Ceramic and Silicate Institute HaifaIsrael

In this study we fabricated, for the first time, magnesium gallate (MgGa_(2)O_(4), a partially inverted spinel) transparent ceramics, both undoped and doped with 1 at% Ni. The specimens were derived from in-house prepared powder, with a crystallite size of ∼10 nm (by wet chemistry) and densified by pulsed electric current sintering (PECS;peak temperature 950 ℃ for 90 min). Densification levels of 99.84% and 99.52% of theoretical density were attained for doped and undoped materials, respectively. Doping with Ni was seen to marginally improve the densification level. Quite transparent specimens were produced: the best showing transmission of ∼89% of the theoretical level (thickness t = 0.85 mm). The absorption spectra revealed that the dopant was accumulated as Ni^(2+) in the octahedral sites of the lattice, as occurs in single-crystal specimens. After excitation at 980 nm, the doped disks exhibited a wide fluorescence band centered at 1264 nm.

关键词： magnesium gallate(MgGa_(2)O_(4)) spinel transparent ceramics pulsed electric current sintering(PECS)

Evolution of heart transplant donor characteristics in the 21st century: A United States single center’s experience

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 22-29页

作者： Alexander M Spring Christiana Gjelaj Shivank Madan Snehal R Patel Omar Saeed Sandhya Murthy Yogita Rochlani Daniel B Sims Sasha Vukelic Stephen J Forest Jamil F Borgi Daniel J goldstein Ulrich P Jorde Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care Montefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10467United States Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70112United States

Despite a record setting number of heart transplants performed annually,the national donor shortage continues to plague transplant teams across the United *** we describe the barriers to adaptation of numerous“non-traditional”orthotopic heart transplant donor characteristics including donors with hepatitis C virus,those meeting criteria for donation after cardiac death,donors with coronavirus disease 19 infection,donors with the human immunodeficiency virus,and grafts with left ventricular systolic *** center’s objective was to increase our transplant volume by expanding our donor pool from“traditional”donors to these“non-traditional”*** detail how medical advances such as certain laboratory studies,pharmacologic interventions,and organ care systems have allowed our center to expand the donor pool thereby increasing transplantation volume without adverse effects on outcomes.

关键词： Orthotopic heart transplantation Hepatitis C virus COVID-19 Left ventricular systolic dysfunction Human immunodeficiency virus Donation after cardiac death

Magnetic Flux Controllers for Induction Heating Applications

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 567-572页

作者： Valentin Nemkov Robert goldstein Robert Ruffini FluxtroUCentre for Induction Technology USAFluxtroUCentre for Induction Technology USAFluxtroUCentre for Induction Technology USA

Application of magnetic flux controllers/concentrators to induction heating coils can drastically improve the process efficiency and heat pattern control. Presentation includes: benefits provided by flux controllers, materials available for controllers, application techniques, computer assisted design of induction coils with concentrators, examples of applications. Depending on induction system design, magnetic flux controllers can concentrate heating in a specified area, change heat source distribution and shield a particular part zone or external area preventing unintended eddy current heating. Besides of the coil efficiency improvement and optimal power distribution, magnetic flux controllers reduce the coil current demand from a supplying circuitry thus strongly reducing losses in busswork, cables, transformers and inverter components. Improvement that can be achieved due to magnetic flux controllers is case dependable. 2D and 3D computer simulation allows the designer to predict accurately effect of controllers on the coil parameters and temperature distribution and optimize the whole electromagnetic system. Special attention in presentation is paid to new magnetodielectric materials optimized for induction heating conditions. These materials have high magnetic permeability and saturation flux density, excellent machinability, good chemical and temperature resistance. Concentrators from these materials can work in a wide range of frequencies and specific powers. Examples of magnetic flux controller application include surface hardening of shafts and gears, induction surface hardfacing and brazing.

关键词：热处理感应器磁通量计算机模拟

The potential of legume-derived proteins in the food industry

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2022年第4期5卷 167-178页

作者： Neta goldstein Ram Reifen The Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel

Legume-derived proteins present an opportunity to replace existing animal-source protein in various applications. Those proteins are abundant, relatively lowcost, sustainable, not highly allergenic, and widely acceptable by consumers. In this paper, it was found that legume-derived protein’s technofunctional properties(e.g. gelation, emulsification and foaming) are being investigated, in order to assess their ability to substitute for animal-derived proteins in food systems and applications. This paper reviewed the functional attributes of legume-derived proteins, their possible applications in food systems, and their potential in the food industry. The techno-functional properties of the proteins vary among different legumes, and while some proteins properties are sufficient for industrial uses, the other may need to be modified. It was concluded that legume-derived proteins could replace some existing animal-derived protein based food systems.

关键词： Legumes Plant protein Food industry Techno-functional properties Fat and protein composition

When is a varicocele repair indicated： the dilemma of hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 213-216,J0004页

作者： Ali A Dabaja Marc goldstein Department of Male Reproductive Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York USA Department of Urology Henry Ford Health System Detroit MI USA.

In the past, the indications for varicocelectomy are primarily for infertility with abnormal semen parameters, testicular hypotrophy/atrophy in adolescents, and/or pain. The surgical treatment of varicocele for hypogonadism is controversial and debated. Recently, multiple reports in the literature have suggested that varicocele is associated with hypogonadism and varicocele repair can increase testosterone levels. Men with hypogonadal symptoms should have at least two serum testosterone levels. Microsurgical varicocelectomy may be beneficial for men with clinically palpable varicoceles with documented hypogonadism. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature linking varicocele to hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction and the impact of repair on serum testosterone levels. We performed a search of the published English literature. The key words used were ＂varicocele and hypogonadism＂ and ＂varicocele surgery and testosterone.＂ We included published studies after 1998. We, also, evaluated the effect of surgery on the changes in the serum testosterone level regardless of the indication for the varicocele repair.

关键词： erectile dysfunction hypogonadism varicocele varicocelectomy