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Strategies for efficient enrichment of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in activated sludge

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 703-713页

作者： Bin tang Jin Wang Xingdong gao Zhihua Li Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource Environmentand EcologyMOESchool of Environmental and Municipal EngineeringXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Environmental Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation(Anammox)is an economical and sustainablewastewater nitrogen removal technology,and its application in the mainstream process is the inevitable trend of the development of ***,how to effectively enriching Anammox bacteria from the activated sludge remains challenging and restricts its extensive *** this study,the rapid and efficient enrichment of Anammox bacteriawas achieved by raising the reflux ratio and nitrogen loading rate(NLR)using conventional activated sludge as the *** the screening phase(days 1–90),the reflux ratio was increased to discharge partial floc sludge,resulting in the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadiaceae increased from0.04%to 22.54%,which effectively reduced thematrix and spatial competition between other microorganisms and Anammox *** day 90,the stoichiometric ratio of the Anammox process closely approached the theoretical value of 1:1.32:0.26,indicating that the Anammox reaction was the primary nitrogen removal process in the *** the enrichment phase(days 91–238),the NLR increased from 0.43 to 1.20 kgN/(m^(3)·d)and removal efficiency was 71.89%,resulting in the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadiaceae increased to 61.27%on day *** reactor operated steadily from days 444 to 498,maintaining the nitrogen removal rate(NRR)of 3.00 kgN/(m^(3)·d)and achieving successful sludge granulation with the particle size of 392.4μ*** short,this study provided a simple and efficient approach for enriching Anammox bacteria from the activated sludge,supporting to start an Anammox process efficiently.

关键词： Anammox Activated sludge Enrichment Nitrogen removal Strategy

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Research progress on the environmental risk assessment and remediation technologies of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 1-20页

作者： Xurui Mai jing tang Juexuan tang Xinyue Zhu Zhenhao Yang Xi Liu Xiaojie Zhuang Guang Feng Lin tang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control(Hunan University) Ministry of EducationChangsha 410082China Power China Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited Changsha 410014China

Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant *** heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human *** effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are *** two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking ***,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop *** advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental *** remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland ***,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are *** review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.

关键词： Source Migration transformation Risk assessment Remediation Heavy metals Agricultural soils

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Model tests and numerical analysis of emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide with quick-setting polyurethane

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第1期22卷 110-121页

作者： ZHANG Zhichao tang Xuefeng HUANG Rufa CAI Zhenjie gao Anhua Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention of Hilly Mountains Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaFuzhou 350002China Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China Ministry of Natural ResourcesFuzhou 350001China Fujian Construction Research Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd.Fuzhou 350100China Xin Zhongkun Construction Engineering Co. LTDLongyan 364399China Fujian Jiakang Construction Engineering Co. LTDLongyan 364199China

Shotcrete is one of the common solutions for shallow *** works by forming a protective layer with high strength and cementing the loose soil particles on the slope surface to prevent shallow ***,the solidification time of conventional cement paste is long when shotcrete is used to treat cohesionless soil *** idea of reinforcing slope with polyurethane solidified soil(i.e.,mixture of polyurethane and sand)was *** tests and finite element analysis were carried out to study the effectiveness of the proposed new method on the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil *** loading on the crest of the slope was applied step by step until landslide was triggered so as to test and compare the stability and bearing capacity of slope models with different *** simulated slope displacements were relatively close to the measured results,and the simulated slope deformation characteristics were in good agreement with the observed phenomena,which verifies the accuracy of the numerical *** the condition of surcharge loading on the crest of the slope,the unreinforced slope slid when the surcharge loading exceeded 30 k Pa,which presented a failure mode of local instability and collapse at the shallow layer of slope *** reinforced slope remained stable even when the surcharge loading reached 48 k *** displacement of the reinforced slope was reduced by more than 95%.Overall,this study verifies the effectiveness of polyurethane in the emergency treatment of cohesionless soil landslide and should have broad application prospects in the field of geological disasters concerning the safety of people's live.

关键词： Cohesionless soil landslide Polyurethane Emergency treatment Reinforcement effect Model test Finite element analysis

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How sediment dredging alters phosphorus dynamics in a lowland rural river?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 189-199页

作者： Qimou Zhang Jiacong Huang Yulai Ji jing Zhang Shuai Zhang Junfeng gao Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10094China

China’s lowland rural rivers are facing severe eutrophication problems due to excessive phosphorus(P)from anthropogenic ***,quantifying P dynamics in a lowland rural river is challenging due to its complex interaction with surrounding areas.A P dynamic model(River-P)was specifically designed for lowland rural rivers to address this *** modelwas coupled with the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code(EFDC)and the Phosphorus Dynamic Model for lowland Polder systems(PDP)to characterize P dynamics under the impact of dredging in a lowland rural *** on a two-year(2020-2021)dataset from a representative lowland rural river in the Lake Taihu Basin,China,the coupled model was calibrated and achieved a model performance(R^(2)>0.59,RMSE<0.04 mg/L)for total P(TP)*** research in the study river revealed that(1)the time scale for the effectiveness of sediment dredging for P control was~300 days,with an increase in P retention capacity by 74.8 kg/year and a decrease in TP concentrations of 23%after dredging.(2)Dredging significantly reduced P release from sediment by 98%,while increased P resuspension and settling capacities by 16%and 46%,respectively.(3)The sediment-water interface(SWI)plays a critical role in P transfer within the river,as resuspension accounts for 16%of TP imports,and settling accounts for 47%of TP *** the large P retention capacity of lowland rural rivers,drainage ditches and ponds with macrophytes are promising approaches to enhance P retention *** study provides valuable insights for local environmental departments,allowing a comprehensive understanding of P dynamics in lowland rural *** enable the evaluation of the efficacy of sediment dredging in P control and the implementation of corresponding P control measures.

关键词： Lowland rural river Phosphorus Sediment dredging Model ensemble Retention capacity

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An efficient quantum proactive incremental learning algorithm

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期68卷 45-53页

作者： Lingxiao Li jing Li Yanqi Song Sujuan Qin Qiaoyan Wen Fei gao State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China School of Cyberspace Security Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

In scenarios where a large amount of data needs to be learned,incremental learning can make full use of old knowledge,signif-icantly reduce the computational cost of the overall learning process,and maintain high *** this paper,taking the MaxCut problem as our example,we introduce the idea of incremental learning into quantum computing,and propose a Quantum Proactive Incremental Learning algorithm(QPIL).Instead of a one-off training of quantum circuit,QPIL contains a multi-phase training on gradually-increased subgraphs of all vertices,proactively reducing large-scale problems to smaller ones to solve in steps,providing an efficient solution for ***,some vertices and corresponding edges are randomly selected for training to obtain optimized parameters of the quantum circuit at ***,in each incremental phase,the remaining vertices and corresponding edges are gradually added and the parameters obtained from the previous phase are reused in the parameter initialization of the current *** perform experiments on 120 different small-scale graphs,and it shows that QPIL performs superior to prevalent quantum and classical baselines in terms of approximation ratio(AR),time cost,anti-forgetting,and solv-ing *** particular,QPIL’s AR surpasses 20%of mainstream quantum baselines,and the time cost is less than 1/5 of *** idea of QPIL is expected to inspire efficient and high-quality solutions in large-scale MaxCut and other combinatorial optimization problems.

关键词： variational quantum algorithm incremental learning multi-phase training MaxCut quantum computing

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Landslide model tests with a miniature 2D principal stress sensor

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2025年第1期17卷 94-105页

作者： Kun Fang Yulei Fu Huiming tang tangzhe gao Pengju An Qiong Wu Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Institute of Rock Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China

Understanding the stress distribution derived from monitoring the principal stress(PS)in slopes is of great *** this study,a miniature sensor for quantifying the two-dimensional(2D)PS in landslide model tests is *** fundamental principle and design of the sensor are *** sensor comprises three earth pressure gages and one gyroscope,with the utilization of three-dimensional(3D)printing *** difficulties of installation location during model preparation and sensor rotation during testing can be effectively overcome using this *** different arrangements of the sensors are tested in verification ***,the application of the sensor in an excavated-induced slope model is *** results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits commendable performance and achieves a desirable level of accuracy,with a principal stress angle error of±5°in the verification *** stress transformation of the slope model,generated by excavation,is demonstrated in the application test by monitoring the two miniature principal stress(MPS)*** sensor has a significant potential for measuring primary stress in landslide model tests and other geotechnical model experiments.

关键词： Landslide Model test Principal stress(PS) Stress measurement

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Polypropylene-based blend with enhanced breakdown strength under gamma-ray irradiation for cable insulation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 35-48页

作者： Bai-Xin Liu Yu gao jing Li Chen-Yi Guo Bo-Sen Si Jun-Guo gao Yu Chen Bo-Xue Du School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application Ministry of EducationHarbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150080China State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

This study focuses on the electrical properties and microstructure of polypropylene(PP)-based blends used for cable insulation in nuclear power plants(NPPs).The PP-based blend,comprising isotactic PP and propylene-based elastomer(PBE)at concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 wt%,underwent a melt blending process and subsequent cobalt-60 gamma-ray irradiation with doses ranging from 0 to 250 *** conductivity,trap distribution,and alternating(AC)breakdown strength were chosen to assess the insulation *** results indicate that the addition of PBE significantly improves the electrical properties of PP under *** PP,the electrical conductivity increased with irradiation,whereas the trap depth and breakdown strength decreased ***,for the blend,these changes initially exhibit opposite *** the irradiation was increased to 250 kGy,the AC breakdown strength of the blend improved by more than 21%compared to that of *** physical and chemical structures of the samples were investigated to explore the improvement *** results offer insights into the design of new cable-insulation materials suitable for NPPs.

关键词： Nuclear power plant Cable insulation Polypropylene Electrical properties Gamma-ray irradiation

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Recent advances of metal vacancies in energy and environmental catalysis:Synthesis,characterization,and roles

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Green Energy & Environment 2025年第1期10卷 84-108页

作者： Long Sun Shunzheng Zhao Sirui gao Ronghui Zhu Yiran Tan Xiaolong tang Honghong Yi School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants Beijing100083China

With the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels,energy and environmental issues have become increasingly critical,necessitating the search for effective ***,being one of the hallmarks of modern industry,offers a promising avenue for ***,the question of how to significantly enhance the performance of catalysts has gradually drawn the attention of *** engineering,a commonly employed and effective approach to improve catalyst activity,has become a significant research focus in the catalysis field in recent *** vacancies have received extensive attention due to their simple ***,exploration of metal vacancies has remained stagnant for a considerable period,resulting in a scarcity of comprehensive reviews on this ***,based on the latest research findings,this paper summarizes and consolidates the construction strategies for metal vacancies,characterization techniques,and their roles in typical energy and environmental catalytic ***,it outlines potential challenges in the future,aiming to provide valuable references for researchers interested in investigating metal vacancies.

关键词： Metal vacancies Catalysis Construction strategies Characterization techniques Roles

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Disease Grading Criterion and Assessment of Yield Loss Caused by Maize Rough Dwarf Disease

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2012年第1期3卷 1-4,9页

作者： TAN Gen-jia DONG Meng SHEN jing-ting WANG Xiang-yang GONG Xu MENG Zhao-peng gao jing-tang College of Plant Protection Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xiaoxian County Xiaoxian235200 China Agricultural Scientific Research Institute of Xiaoxian County Xiaoxian 235200 China

[Objective] The paper was to study the disease grading criterion and assess the yield loss caused by maize rough dwarf disease. [Method] The ear lengths and yields of each healthy and infected plant of 5 cultivars were measured during 2009 and 2010. The severity grading criterion was deduced according to the ear length ratios. [Result]When the ratios were 0.92-1.00, 0.67-0.91, 0.41-0.66, 0.10-0.40 and 0, its corresponding disease grading criterions were 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7, respectively. The severity grading criterion was closely correlated to the yield loss. By analyzing the data of disease indexes and yield loss rates of 27 cultivars with DPS （Data Processing System）, the regression equations were established respectively. According to the comparison with each other, the Weibull Model was proved to have the highest fitting degree. Validating with the disease indexes of 27 cultivars in 2010, the equation supported the feasibility of the equation to predict the yield loss caused by maize rough dwarf disease. [Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for further study on maize rough dwarf disease.

关键词： Maize rough dwarf disease Disease grading criterion Disease severity Yield loss China

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Mixed-charge glycopolypeptides as antibacterial coatings with long-term activity

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 270-278页

作者： Fangping Yang Jin Shi Yuansong Wei Qing gao jingrui Shen Lichen Yin Haoyu tang Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and TechnologySoochow University

Planktonic bacteria adhere and subsequently form biofilms on implantable medical devices can cause severe infections that have become the major types of hospital-acquired infections. Traditional coatings for the implants are frequently lack of long-term antifouling and bactericidal activities. It is still a big challenge to simultaneously improve the antifouling and bactericidal activities of the coatings. Herein,we report that mixed-charge glycopolypeptide coatings are of long-term antibacterial activities to efficiently inhibit the biofilm growth. The glycosylation of mixed-charge polypeptides has led to a significant improvement of both antifouling and bactericidal activities. The cooperative effect of the saccharide residues and mixed-charge residues improved the resistance of the polypeptide coatings against protein adsorption. The saccharide and L-glutamic acid(E) residues collectively enhanced the bacterial membrane-disruption of cationic L-lysine(K) residues, leading to potent bactericidal activity. Meanwhile,the glycopolypeptide coatings showed superior biocompatibility, long-term antibiofilm and anti-infection properties in two types of mouse subcutaneous infection models and one type of mouse urinary tract infection model. This work provides a new strategy to achieve antibacterial coatings with long-term activities for preventing implantable medical device associated infections.

关键词： Antibacterial coating Bactericidal activity Biofilm Fouling Glycopolypeptide

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