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Control Strategies of Large-scale Residential Air Conditioning Loads Participating in Demand Response Programs

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第3期8卷 880-893页

作者： Jixiang Wang Xingying Chen Jun Xie Shuyang Xu Kun Yu lei gan College of Energy and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China

Residential air conditioning(RAC)loads have great potential to be included in demand response(DR)*** paper studies large-scale RAC loads participating in DR programs,such as modeling,parameters identification,DR characteristics and control ***,an aggregate model of large-scale RAC loads are established based on the buildings’performance with heat storage and insulation,avoiding the calculation of a single RAC ***,parameters of the aggregate model are identified based on the RACs’power and outdoor *** on the aggregate model,DR characteristics of RAC loads are analyzed,including the dynamic relationship between power,outdoor and indoor temperature,and the potential of DR combined with the users’***,the DR control strategies adapted for large-scale RAC loads are established by adjusting the temperature *** DR strategies consider users’comfort and calculate the control signals of each RAC load according to the DR power,including adjustment temperature and adjustment time,which are sent to each RAC load for *** the DR process,the control center does not need to obtain the users’indoor temperature,which is conducive to protecting the users’*** strategies of RAC loads when the control degree within/beyond the DR potential are both proposed,and a load recovery control strategy is also ***,the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model and DR control strategies are verified by simulation results.

关键词： Control strategies demand response direct load control parameters identification residential air conditioning loads

Coordinated Planning of Large-Scale Wind Farm Integration System and Transmission Network

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2016年第1期2卷 19-29页

作者： lei gan Gengyin Li Ming Zhou State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

Large-scale centralized exploitation of intermittent wind energy resources has become popular in many ***,as a result of the frequent occurrence of largescale wind curtailment,expansion of corresponding transmission projects has fallen behind the speed at which installed wind capacity can be *** this paper,a coordinated planning approach for a large-scale wind farm integration system and its related regional transmission network is proposed.A bilevel programming model is formulated with the objective of minimizing *** reach the global optimum of the bi-level model,this work proposes that the upper-level wind farm integration system planning problem needs to be solved jointly with the lower-level regional transmission planning *** bi-level model is expressed in terms of a linearized mathematical problem with equilibrium constraints(MPEC)by Karush-KuhnTucker *** is then solved using mixed integer linear programming *** simulations are conducted to show the validity of the proposed coordinated planning method.

关键词： Coordinated planning integration planning mathematical problem with equilibrium constraints(MPEC) mixed integer linear programming transmission planning

All-solid-state Z-scheme BiVO_(4)-Bi_(6)O_(6)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))_(3)heterostructure with prolonging electron-hole lifetime for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第18期77卷 117-125页

作者： Wuyou Wang Xuewen Wang lei gan Xinfei Ji Zili Wu Rongbin Zhang Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis the College of ChemistryNanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LabOak Ridge 37831USA

As a visible-light response photocatalyst,BiVO_(4)is widely used in photocatalytic oxygen *** this study,a novel BiVO_(4)-Bi_(6)O_(6)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))_(3)(BBN)heterostructure fabricates via a simple one-pot hydrothermal approach is certified to effectively restrain the recombination of carriers by efficient spatial charge *** employing BBN as a reductive-function photocatalyst,a solid-state Z-scheme is constructed to improve the photo-redox capacity of BiVO_(4)and hydrogen production is realized in the BiVO_(4)-BBN heterostructure for the first *** solid-state Z-scheme introduced in the BiVO_(4)-BBN ensures the photoexcited carriers with the powerful redox capacity to participate in the photocatalytic reaction.

关键词： Photocatalysis BiVO_(4)-BBN Solid-state Z-scheme Hydrogen Oxygen

Effects of Grazing Intensity on Soil Water Regime and Flux in Inner Mongolia Grassland,China

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Pedosphere 2012年第2期22卷 165-177页

作者： gan lei PENG Xin-Hua S.PETH R.HORN State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008(China) Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Christian-Albrechts-University zu KielOlshausenstrasse 4024118 Kiel(Germany)

In the past few decades, the increase in grazing intensity has led to soil degradation and desertification in Inner Mongolia grassland, China, due to population growth and shift in the socio-economic system. Two sites with different grazing intensities, continuous grazing site （CG） with 1.2 sheep ha-1 year-1 and heavy grazing site （HG） with 2.0 sheep ha-1 year-1, were investigated at the Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station （43° 37′ 50″ N, 116° 42′ 18″ E） situated in the northern China to i） characterize the temporal distribution of soil water content along soil profile; and ii） quantify the water fluxes as affected by grazing intensity. Soil water content was monitored by time domain refiectometry （TDR） probes. Soil water retention curves were determined by pressure membrane extractor, furthermore processed by RETC （RETention Curve） software. Soil matric potential, plant available water and water flux were calculated using these data. Both sites showed an identical seasonal soil water dynamics within four defined hydraulic periods： i） wetting transition coincided with a dramatic water increase due to snow and frozen soil thawing from March to April; 2） wet summer, rainfall in accordance with plant growth from May to September; 3） drying transition, a decrease of soil water from October to November due to rainfall limit; and 4） dry winter, freezing from December to next February. Heavy grazing largely reduced soil water content by 43%-48% and plant available water by 46%-61% as compared to the CG site. During growing season net water flux was nearly similar between HG （242 mm） and CG （223 mm） sites between 5 and 20 cm depths. However, between 20 and 40 cm depths, the upward flux was more pronounced at HG site than at CG site, indicating that water was depleted by root uptake at HG site but stored at CG site. In semi-arid grassland ecosystem, grazing intensity can affect soil water regime and flux, particularly in the growing season.

关键词： heavy grazing plant available water semi-arid grassland soil matric potential soil water content

3D macropore carbon-vacancy g-C_(3)N_(4) constructed using polymethylmethacrylate spheres for enhanced photocatalytic H_(2) evolution and CO_(2) reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第2期30卷 139-146,I0006页

作者： Xuewen Wang Qjuchan Li lei gan Xinfei Ji Fayun Chen Xinke Peng Rongbin Zhang Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis The College of ChemistryNanchang UniversityNanchang 330031JiangxiChina College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Shangrao Normal UniversityShangrao 334001JiangxiChina Jiangxi Energy Sales Co. LtdNanchang 330031Jiangxi.China

Metal-free g-C_3N_4 is widely used in photocatalytic reactions owing to its suitable band ***, it has low specific surface area and insufficient absorbance for visible light, and its photoexcited carriers have high recombination rates. In this study, the 3 D macropore C-vacancy g-C_3N_4 was prepared through a facile one-step route. Polymethylmethacrylate is used as a template to increase the surface reaction sites of g-C_3N_4 and extend its visible-light range. Compared to unmodified g-C_3N_4, the H2 production and CO_2 reduction rates of the fabricated g-C_3N_4 significantly improved. The special pore structure significantly improved the light utilization efficiency of g-C_3N_4 and increased the number of surface-active sites. The introduction of C-vacancy extended the absorption band of visible-light and suppressed the carrier recombination. The newly developed synthesis strategy can improve solar energy conversion efficiency and potentially modifies g-C_3N_4.

关键词： Carbon nitride Macropore Photocatalytic H_(2)evolution CO_(2)reduction

Strength Activity Index of Air Quenched Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Slag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2015年第3期22卷 219-225页

作者： lei gan Hai-feng WANG Xiu-ping LI Yuan-hong QI Chun-xia ZHANG School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Steel Processes and Products Central Iron and Steel Research Institute

Air quenched basic oxygen furnace steel slag （BOF-SS） is processed at very high cooling rate, which is expected to have different cementitious properties from conventional slowly cooled BOF-SS. For this purpose, the strength activity indexes of air quenched and slowly cooled BOF-SS are investigated. The results reveal that, under the specific surface area （S） of 490 m^2/kg, the compressive strength activity index reaches 1.24 after 28 days with replacement of 15% air quenched BOF-SS and reaches 1.05 after 28 days with replacement of 20% air quenched BOF-SS and 30%granulated blast furnace slag （GBFS）. The cementitious activity of air quenched BOF-SS is obviously higher than that of slowly cooled BOF-SS, mainly because it contains more C3 S and glassy phases.

关键词： basic oxygen furnace steel slag strength activity index mineral characteristics cementitious property tricalcium silicate (C3 S)

Diagnostic features and therapeutic strategies for malignant paraganglioma in a patient:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第27期10卷 9834-9844页

作者： lei gan Xu-Dong Shen Yang Ren Hong-Xia Cui Zhi-Xiang Zhuang Department of Oncology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215004Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Pathology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215004Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Paragangliomas and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors with ubiquitous *** paraganglioma is a relatively rare *** report the treatment and pathological characteristics of a patient with malignant paraganglioma,and summarize the latest advances in the treatment of malignant paraganglioma based on a literature *** SUMMARY A 45-year-old Chinese woman presented to the hospital due to pain in the waist(right side) and right buttock,and was diagnosed as malignant paraganglioma after the placement of ureteral stent,implantation of ileus catheter,and transvaginal removal of the vaginal *** relief of intestinal obstruction,the patient received intravenous chemotherapy and peritoneal perfusion *** her pelvic mass disease was stable,she developed multiple liver metastases and bone *** to the development of spinal cord compression,she underwent orthopedic surgery,followed by radiotherapy,and molecular targeted therapy with apatinib,but with poor disease *** Clinical management of paraganglioma is challenging for endocrinologists and *** studies are required to develop standardized therapeutic strategies for malignant paragangliomas.

关键词： Malignant paraganglioma Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Targeted therapy Case report

Enzyme‐powered micromotors based on hierarchical porous MOFs

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第3期43卷 584-585页

作者： lei gan Paolo Falcaro Christian Doonan Unknown Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Graz University of TechnologyAustria Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials the University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

Bioinspired micro‐/nano‐motors are artificial micro‐/nano‐machines that can convert various forms of energy to propel their movement[1].For example,the motion of some of these micromachines can be precisely controlled by application of external physical stimuli including magnetic,electric and acoustic fields[2,3].Inspired by the study of microorganisms,researchers have been exploring also the use of available chemical energy from the local environment to trigger and sustain self‐propulsion[4].Within this research direction,Metal‐organic frameworks(MOFs)—a class of extended materials synthesized via a modular approach from inorganic(metal clusters or ions)and organic linkers[5]—offer excellent opportunities for the design and synthesis of self‐propelled *** typically possess ultra‐high surface areas that allow facile access to densely populated catalytically active sites imbedded within their pore *** careful design these catalytic sites can be exploited to convert chemical energy into kinetic energy resulting in self‐propulsion of the MOF crystal[6].In addition,rigidity,density,crystalline pore organization and pore size of MOFs can be optimized to carry out a swimming‐type motion[7].

关键词： convert porous rigidity

Application of SWAT99.2 to sensitivity analysis of water balance components in unique plots in a hilly region

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Water Science and Engineering 2017年第3期10卷 209-216页

作者： Jun-feng Dai Jia-zhou Chen Guo-an Lu Larry C. Brown lei gan Qin-xue Xu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics by MLR&Guangxi of PRC IRCK by UNESCOGuilin 541004China Department of Food Agricultural and Biological EngineeringOhio State UniversityColumbus 43210USA

Although many sensitivity analyses using the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT) in a complex watershed have been conducted, little attention has been paid to the application potential of the model in unique plots. In addition, sensitivity analysis of percolation and evapotranspiration with SWAT has seldom been undertaken. In this study, SWAT99.2 was calibrated to simulate water balance components for unique plots in Southern China from 2000 to 2001, which included surface runoff, percolation, and evapotranspiration. Twenty-one parameters classified into four categories, including meteorological conditions, topographical characteristics, soil properties, and vegetation attributes, were used for sensitivity analysis through one-at-a-time(OAT) sampling to identify the factor that contributed most to the variance in water balance components. The results were shown to be different for different plots, with parameter sensitivity indices and ranks varying for different water balance components. Water balance components in the broad-leaved forest and natural grass plots were most sensitive to meteorological conditions, less sensitive to vegetation attributes and soil properties, and least sensitive to topographical characteristics. Compared to those in the natural grass plot, water balance components in the broad-leaved forest plot demonstrated higher sensitivity to the maximum stomatal conductance(GSI) and maximum leaf area index(BLAI).

关键词： Forest and grass plots Water balance Sensitivity analysis Soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) One-at-a-time (OAT) method