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合作社社会化服务对农户化肥、农药使用强度的影响——以中国湖北秭归县和巴东县为例(英文)

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第5期15卷 1286-1298页

作者：段跃芳陈少鹏 brooke WILMSEN 三峡大学水库移民研究中心三峡大学经济与管理学院澳大利亚拉筹伯大学社会调查系

化肥、农药过量使用不但影响农产品品质，而且会破坏农业生态环境。基于合作社社会化服务视角，研究农户化肥、农药使用行为，以期为政府制定相关政策、合作社调整经营策略提供参考。本文利用中国湖北省秭归县和巴东县518户农户的调研... 详细信息

化肥、农药过量使用不但影响农产品品质，而且会破坏农业生态环境。基于合作社社会化服务视角，研究农户化肥、农药使用行为，以期为政府制定相关政策、合作社调整经营策略提供参考。本文利用中国湖北省秭归县和巴东县518户农户的调研数据，使用倾向得分匹配法，考察合作社及其社会化服务对农户化肥、农药使用强度的影响。研究发现：（1）加入合作社对农户化肥、农药使用强度有显著负向影响，平均处理效应为–341.505元/亩。（2）农资供应服务和技术支持服务均可以显著降低农户的化肥、农药使用强度，平均处理效应分别为–225.966元/亩和–163.580元/亩，而农产品销售服务对农户化肥、农药使用强度的影响不显著。（3）按年龄、受教育年限和种植规模进行分组考察，社会化服务对农户化肥、农药使用强度的影响存在明显的群组差异。农资供应服务对年龄偏大、受教育年限较低、种植规模较小的农户影响显著，技术支持服务对年龄偏小、受教育年限较高、种植规模较小的农户影响显著，农产品销售服务对年龄偏大的农户影响显著。应该提高农户的入社比例，提高合作社社会化服务的供给水平，提高合作社社会化服务的针对性，促使农户化肥、农药使用强度进一步降低。

关键词：合作社社会化服务化肥农药生态环境农业面源污染

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通用电气拆分记

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第8期 56-63页

作者： brooke Sutherland Ryan Been Antoine Maillard(插画) 不详

在通用电气公司位于俄亥俄州比弗克里克市的厂,一间会议室里四周贴满了一张张大白纸。每张纸上都有记号笔写的潦草字迹,还覆盖着用各种彩色便利贴做的注释,里面总结了各种管子和导管的生产步骤,这些部件最后都会组装到某架喷气发动机上... 详细信息

在通用电气公司位于俄亥俄州比弗克里克市的厂,一间会议室里四周贴满了一张张大白纸。每张纸上都有记号笔写的潦草字迹,还覆盖着用各种彩色便利贴做的注释,里面总结了各种管子和导管的生产步骤,这些部件最后都会组装到某架喷气发动机上。这里的氛围更像是某所小学校的科学博览会,而不是在美国工业界的一家偶像级企业。但是简单明了正是其要点所在。确定比弗克里克工厂的布局是件很复杂的事:这家经过改造的工厂是去年投产的。

关键词：通用电气公司克里克记号笔美国工业界喷气发动机俄亥俄州生产步骤小学校

Practical Approaches to Risk Assessment

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 14-20页

作者： SIMON brooke-TAYLOR AustraliaNewZealandFoodAuthority

he importance of using risk assessment in developing food regulations is growing with the globalization of our food supply. The World Trade Organization has entrenched the principles of science based risk assessment in the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. The relevant international organization for food standards, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, recognises risk analysis, and its component parts risk assessment, risk management and risk communication, as the basis for scientific decision making. Risk assessment comprises two activities: hazard evaluation; and exposure estimation. A hazard may be chemical, microbiological or nutritional in origin. The practical application of risk assessment in Australia is illustrated in this presentation by four examples involving: (1) food additives, (2) microbiological safety of imported raw milk cheeses, (3) genetically modified foods and (4) imported food inspection.

关键词： risk assessment World Trade Organization practical application risk communication food inspection risk analysis principles of food supply raw milk

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The computerized LASSI-BC Test versus the Standard LASSI-L Paper-and-Pencil Version in Community-Based-Samples

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2024年第1期13卷 11-25页

作者： Rosie E. Curiel Cid Alexandra Ortega Ubbo Visser Marcela Kitaigorodsky D. Diane Zheng Diana Hincapie Kirsten Horne Crenshaw Ashleigh Beaulieu brooke Bosworth Liz gallardo Emory Neer Sofia Ramirez Elizabeth A. Crocco Mike georgiou Efrosyni Sfakianaki David A. Loewenstein Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA Department of Computer Sciences University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA

Proactive Semantic Interference (PSI) and failure to recover from PSI (frPSI), are novel constructs assessed by the LASSI-L. These measures are sensitive to cognitive changes in early Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and preclinical AD determined by Aβ load using PET. The goal of this study was to compare a new computerized version of the LASSI-L (LASSI-Brief Computerized) to the standard paper-and-pencil version of the test. In this study, we examined 110 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults and 79 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) who were administered the paper-and-pencil form of the LASSI-L. Their performance was compared with 62 CU older adults and 52 aMCI participants examined using the LASSI-BC. After adjustment for covariates (degree of initial learning, sex, education, and language of evaluation) both the standard and computerized versions distinguished between aMCI and CU participants. The performance of CU and aMCI groups using either form was relatively commensurate. Importantly, an optimal combination of Cued B2 recall and Cued B1 intrusions on the LASSI-BC yielded an area under the ROC curve of .927, a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 88.1%, relative to an area under the ROC curve of .815, a sensitivity of 72.5%, and a specificity of 79.1% obtained for the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Overall, the LASSI-BC was comparable, and in some ways, superior to the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Advantages of the LASSI-BC include a more standardized administration, suitability for remote assessment, and an automated scoring mechanism that can be verified by a built-in audio recording of responses.

关键词： Mild Cognitive Impairment Proactive Semantic Interference LASSI-L Computerized Cognitive Assessment

Cell surface-expression of the phosphate-binding protein PstS:System development,characterization,and evaluation for phosphorus removal and recovery

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第6期32卷 129-140页

作者： Faten B.Hussein Kaushik Venkiteshwaran brooke K.Mayer Department of Civil Construction and Environmental EngineeringMarquette UniversityMilwaukeeWI53233USA

Simultaneous overabundance and scarcity of inorganic phosphate(Pi)is a critical issue driving the development of innovative water/wastewater treatment technologies that not only facilitate Pi removal to prevent eutrophication,but also recover Pi for agricultural ***,a cell-surface expressed high-affinity phosphate binding protein(PstS)system was developed,and its Pi capture and release potential was *** was genetically modified to express PstS on its outer membrane using the ice nucleation protein(INP)as an anchoring *** of protein expression and localization were performed utilizing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAgE),western blot,and outer membrane separation *** surface characterization was investigated through acid-base titration,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).These tests provided information on the macromolecular structure and composition of the bacteria surface as well as the proton-exchange properties of the surface functional groups(i.e.,pKa values).Phosphate desorption and adsorption batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature,pH,and ionic strength on phosphate capture and *** PstS surface-displayed cells demonstrated greater potential to release and capture phosphate compared to non-modified *** temperatures up to 40℃,basic pH conditions(pH=10.5),and higher ionic strength up to 1.0 mol/L KCl promoted 20%-50%higher phosphate release.

关键词： Phosphorus recovery Water treatment Eutrophication Surface-expression PstS protein E.coli bacteria Phosphate

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Malnutrition in cirrhosis:More food for thought

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第11期12卷 883-896页

作者： brooke Chapman Marie Sinclair Paul J gow Adam g Testro Nutrition and Dietetics Department Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084Australia Liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084Australia

Malnutrition is highly prevalent in liver cirrhosis and its presence carries important prognostic *** clinical conditions and pathophysiological mechanisms that cause malnutrition in cirrhosis are multiple and *** and liver decompensation symptoms lead to poor dietary intake;metabolic changes characterised by elevated energy expenditure,reduced glycogen storage,an accelerated starvation response and protein catabolism result in muscle and fat wasting;and,malabsorption renders the cirrhotic patient unable to fully absorb or utilise food that has been *** is therefore a considerable challenge to manage effectively,particularly as liver disease progresses.A high energy,high protein diet is recognised as standard of care,yet patients struggle to follow this recommendation and there is limited evidence to guide malnutrition interventions in cirrhosis and liver *** this review,we seek to detail the factors which contribute to poor nutritional status in liver disease,and highlight complexities far greater than“poor appetite”or“reduced oral intake”leading to *** also discuss management strategies to optimise nutritional status in this patient group,which target the inter-related mechanisms unique to advanced liver ***,future research requirements are suggested,to develop effective treatments for one of the most common and debilitating complications afflicting cirrhotic patients.

关键词： Malnutrition Cirrhosis Liver transplantation Chronic liver disease Nutrition Sarcopenia

Renal progenitors: Roles in kidney disease and regeneration

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第11期8卷 367-375页

作者： brooke E Chambers Rebecca A Wingert Department of Biological Sciences Center for Zebrafish Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine University of Notre Dame

Kidney disease is a devastating condition that affects millions of people worldwide, and its prevalence predicted to significantly increase. The kidney is complex organ encompassing many diverse cell type organized in a elaborate tissue architecture, makin regeneration a challenging feat. In recent years, there ha been a surge in the field of stem cell research to develo regenerative therapies for various organ systems. Here we review some recent progressions in characterizing th role of renal progenitors in development, regeneration and kidney disease in mammals. We also discuss how the zebrafish provides a unique experimental anima model that can provide a greater molecular and genet understanding of renal progenitors, which may contribut to the development of potential regenerative therapies fo human renal afflictions.

关键词： Kidney Renal progenitor Nephrogenesis Development Nephron Regeneration Zebrafish Parietal epithelial cell Tubular progenitor cell

Sex-specific relationships between urbanization,parasitism,and plumage coloration in house finches

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 237-244页

作者： brooke E.Sykes Pierce Hutton Kevin J.Mcgraw School of Life Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA

Historically,studies of condition-dependent signals in animals have been male-centric,but recent work suggests that female ornaments can also communicate individual quality(e.g.,disease state,fecundity).There also has been a surge of interest in how urbanization alters signaling traits,but we know little about if and how cities affect signal expression in female *** measured carotenoid-based plumage coloration and coccidian(Isospora spp.)parasite burden in desert and city populations of house finches Haemorhous mexicanus to examine links between urbanization,health state,and feather pigmentation in males and *** earlier work,we showed that male house finches are less colorful and more parasitized in the city,and we again detected such patterns in this study for males;however,urban females were less colorful,but not more parasitized,than rural ***,contrary to rural populations,we found that urban birds(regardless of sex)with larger patches of carotenoid coloration were also more heavily infected with *** results show that urban environments can disrupt condition-dependent color expression and highlight the need for more studies on how cities affect disease and signaling traits in both male and female animals.

关键词： carotenoid pigmentation female ornaments Haemorhous mexicanus parasites urban ecology

Moisture and temperature controls on nitrification differ among ammonia oxidizer communities from three alpine soil habitats

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第1期10卷 1-12页

作者： brooke B. OSBORNE Jill S. BARON Matthew D. WALLENSTEIN Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Present address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA U.S. geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins CO 80526 USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA

Climate change is altering the timing and magnitude of biogeochemical fluxes in many high- elevation ecosystems. The consequent changes in alpine nitrification rates have the potential to influence ecosystem scale responses. In order to better understand how changing temperature and moisture conditions may influence ammonia oxidizers and nitrification activity, we conducted laboratory incubations on soils collected in a Colorado watershed from three alpine habitats （glacial outwash, talus, and meadow）. We found that bacteria, not archaea, dominated all ammonia oxidizer communities. Nitrification increased with moisture in all soils and under all temperature treatments. However, temperature was not correlated with nitrification rates in all soils. Site-specific temperature trends suggest the development of generalist ammonia oxidzer communities in soils with greater in situ temperature fluctuations and specialists in soils with more steady temperature regimes. Rapidly increasing tempera- tures and changing soil moisture conditions could explain recent observations of increased nitrate production in some alpine soils.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) ammo-nia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) global change Loch Valewatershed nitrification thermal adaptation

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