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Urbanization does not increase“object curiosity”in vervet monkeys,but semi-urban individuals selectively explore food-related anthropogenic items

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 383-393页

作者： Lindsey Ellington Stephanie Mercier Alba Motes-Rodrigo Erica van de Waal Sofa Forss Behavioural&Physiological Ecology University of GroningenP.O.Box 111039700 CCGroningenThe Netherlands department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneBiophore-CH-1015LausanneSwitzerland department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057ZurichSwitzerland School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville3209South Africa

Urban environments expose animals to abundant anthropogenic materials and foods that facilitate foraging innovations in species with oppor-tunistic diets and high behavioral *** and exploration tendency are believed to be important behavioral traits for animals thriving in urban *** monkeys(Chlorocebus pygerythrus)are one of few primate species that have successfully adapted to urban environments,thus making them an ideal species to study these *** a within-species cross-habitat approach,we compared neophilia and exploration of novel objects(jointly referred to as"object curiosity")between semi-urban,wild,and captive monkeys to shed light on the cognitive traits facilitating urban *** measure"object curiosity:"we exposed monkeys to various types of novel stimuli and compared their approaches and explorative *** results revealed differences in the number of approaches and explorative behavior toward novel stimuli between the habitat types *** vervet monkeys were significantly more explorative than both semi-urban and wild troops,sug-gesting that positive experiences with humans and lack of predation,rather than exposure to human materials per se,influence object *** habitats,juvenile males were the most explorative age-sex *** is likely due to males being the dispersing sex and juveniles being more motivated to learn about their ***,we found that items potentially associated with human food,elicited stronger explorative responses in semi-urban monkeys than non-food related objects,suggesting that their motivation to explore might be driven by"anthrophilia'that is,their experience of rewarding foraging on similar anthropogenic food *** conclude that varying levels of exposure to humans,predation and pre-exposure to human food packaging explain variation in"object curiosity"in our sample of vervet monkeys.

关键词： animal urbanization neophilia novelty response object curiosity vervet monkeys

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Data-driven casting defect prediction model for sand casting based on random forest classification algorithm

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China Foundry 2024年第2期21卷 137-146页

作者： Bang guan Dong-hong Wang Da Shu Shou-qin Zhu Xiao-yuan Ji Bao-de Sun Shanghai Key Lab of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Hefei Casting and Forging Factory of Anhui Heli Co. LtdHefei 230000China State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

The complex sand-casting process combined with the interactions between process parameters makes it difficult to control the casting quality,resulting in a high scrap rate.A strategy based on a data-driven model was proposed to reduce casting defects and improve production efficiency,which includes the random forest(RF)classification model,the feature importance analysis,and the process parameters optimization with Monte Carlo *** collected data includes four types of defects and corresponding process parameters were used to construct the RF *** results show a recall rate above 90% for all *** gini Index was used to assess the importance of the process parameters in the formation of various defects in the RF ***,the classification model was applied to different production conditions for quality *** the case of process parameters optimization for gas porosity defects,this model serves as an experimental process in the Monte Carlo method to estimate a better temperature *** prediction model,when applied to the factory,greatly improved the efficiency of defect *** show that the scrap rate decreased from 10.16% to 6.68%.

关键词： sand casting process data-driven method classification model quality prediction feature importance

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Unveiling the early universe:Axion-like particles and their role in primordial structure formation

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第11期67卷 178-179页

作者： Sergey g.Rubin National Research Nuclear University MEPhI(Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) Moscow 115409Russia

The groundbreaking discovery of gravitational waves(gWs)by the LIgO-VIRgO-KAgRO collaboration has revolutionized our understanding of the universe and opened up a new way of observing cosmic events. Unlike light waves... 详细信息

关键词： universe gravitational cosmic

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Summary of a Life in Observational Ultraviolet/Optical Astronomy

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 1-43页

作者： Donald g.York department of Astronomy and Astrophysics The University of Chicago5801 South Ellis Ave.Chicago 60637ILUSA

I reminisce on my early life in Section 1;on my education in Sections 2 and 3;on the years at Princeton as a research astronomer in Section 4;on the years on the faculty at Chicago in Section 5;on research on Diffuse Interstellar Bands(DIBs) in Section 6;on construction of the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory(APO)in Section 7;on work on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS) in Section 8;on work in public education in Chicago in Section 9;and on my travels in Section 10. My main science research is of an observational nature,concerning galactic and intergalactic interstellar gas. Highlights for me included my work on the orbiting telescope Copernicus, including the discovery of interstellar deuterium;early observations of absorption associated with fivetimes ionized oxygen;and discoveries concerning the phases of gas in the local interstellar medium, based on previously unobservable interstellar UV spectral lines. With other instruments and collaborations, I extended interstellar UV studies to the intergalactic cool gas using quasi-stellar object QSO absorption lines redshifted to the optical part of the spectrum;provided a better definition of the emission and morphological character of the source of absorption lines in QSO spectra;and pursued the identification of the unidentified DIBs. For several of these topics, extensive collaborations with many scientists were essential over many years. The conclusions developed slowly, as I moved from being a graduate student at Chicago, to a research scientist position at Princeton and then to a faculty position at Chicago. At each stage of life, I was exposed to new technologies adaptable to my science and to subsequent projects. From high school days, I encountered several management opportunities which were formative. I have been extremely fortunate both in scientific mentors I had and in experimental opportunities I encountered.

关键词： Interstellar Medium(ISM) Nebulae (galaxies:)quasars:absorption lines ultraviolet:stars

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Structural Health Monitoring by Accelerometric Data of a Continuously Monitored Structure with Induced Damages

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2024年第6期18卷 739-762页

作者： giada Faraco Andrea Vincenzo de Nunzio Nicola Ivan giannoccaro Arcangelo Messina department of Innovation Engineering University of SalentoLecce73100Italy

The possibility of determining the integrity of a real structure subjected to non-invasive and non-destructive monitoring,such as that carried out by a series of accelerometers placed on the structure,is certainly a goal of extreme and current *** the present work,the results obtained from the processing of experimental data of a real structure are *** analyzed structure is a lattice structure approximately 9 m high,monitored with 18 uniaxial accelerometers positioned in pairs on 9 different *** data used refer to continuous monitoring that lasted for a total of 1 year,during which minor damage was caused to the structure by alternatively removing some bracings and repositioning them in the *** methodologies detecting damage based on decomposition techniques of the acquired data were used and tested,as well as a methodology combining the two *** results obtained are extremely interesting,as all the minor damage caused to the structure was identified by the processing methods used,based solely on the monitored data and without any knowledge of the real structure being *** results use 15 acquisitions in environmental conditions lasting 10 min each,a reasonable amount of time to get immediate feedback on possible damage to the structure.

关键词： Structural health monitoring damage detection vibration measurements stochastic subspace identification

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Targeted multi-agent communication algorithm based on state control

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 544-556页

作者： Li-yang Zhao Tian-qing Chang Lei Zhang Jie Zhang Kai-xuan Chu de-peng Kong department of Weaponry and Control Army Academy of Armored ForcesBeijing100072China Unit 92942 Beijing100161China

As an important mechanism in multi-agent interaction,communication can make agents form complex team relationships rather than constitute a simple set of multiple independent ***,the existing communication schemes can bring much timing redundancy and irrelevant messages,which seriously affects their practical *** solve this problem,this paper proposes a targeted multiagent communication algorithm based on state control(SCTC).The SCTC uses a gating mechanism based on state control to reduce the timing redundancy of communication between agents and determines the interaction relationship between agents and the importance weight of a communication message through a series connection of hard-and self-attention mechanisms,realizing targeted communication message *** addition,by minimizing the difference between the fusion message generated from a real communication message of each agent and a fusion message generated from the buffered message,the correctness of the final action choice of the agent is *** evaluation using a challenging set of Star Craft II benchmarks indicates that the SCTC can significantly improve the learning performance and reduce the communication overhead between agents,thus ensuring better cooperation between agents.

关键词： Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning State control Targeted interaction Communication mechanism

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Predictive utility of the Rockall scoring system in patients suffering from acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第8期16卷 2620-2629页

作者： de-Ping Han Cai-Qian gou Xin-Mian Ren department of Emergency Chengyang District People’s HospitalQingdao 266109Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKgROUND Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(ANVUgIB)represents a sig-nificant clinical challenge due to its unpredictability and potentially severe *** Rockall risk score has emerged as a critical tool for prognostic asse-ssment in patients with ANVUgIB,aiding in the prediction of rebleeding and ***,its applicability and accuracy in the Chinese population remain *** To assess the prognostic value of the Rockall risk score in a Chinese cohort of patients with *** A retrospective analysis of 168 ANVUgIB patients’medical records was *** study employed statistical tests,including the t-test,χ^(2) test,spearman correlation,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis,to assess the re-lationship between the Rockall score and clinical outcomes,specifically focusing on rebleeding events within 3 months *** Significant associations were found between the Rockall score and various clinical *** Rockall scores were significantly associated with rebleeding events(r=0.735,R2=0.541,Pgly positively correlated with adverse *** hemoglobin levels(t=2.843,P=0.005),high international normalized ratio(t=3.710,Pg during endoscopy(χ^(2)=7.950,P=0.005),large ulcer size(t=6.348,Pg blood transfusion(χ^(2)=6.381,P=0.012)were all significantly associated with rebleeding ***,differences in treatment and management strategies were identified between patients with and without rebleeding *** analysis indicated the excellent discriminative power(sensitivity:0.914;specificity:0.816;area under the curve:0.933;Youden index:0.730)of the Rockall score in predicting rebleeding events within 3 *** This study provides valuable insights into the prognostic value of the Rockall risk score for ANVUgIB in the Chinese *** results underscore the potential of the Rockall score as an effect

关键词： Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding Rockall risk score Clinical outcomes Risk stratification Prognosis

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Effect of aflibercept combined with triamcinolone acetonide on aqueous humor growth factor and inflammatory mediators in diabetic macular edema

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 297-303页

作者： de-Shuang Li Hong-Xia Liao Jing-Lin Zhang Bo Qin Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital Aier Eye HospitalJinan UniversityShenzhen 518031Guangdong ProvinceChina guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510040Guangdong ProvinceChina

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of aflibercept combined with sub-tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide(TA)in treating diabetic macular edema(DME)and to examine changes in growth factors and inflammatory mediator levels in aqueous humor after ***:Totally 67 DME patients(67 eyes)and 30 cataract patients(32 eyes)were enrolled as the DME group and the control group,*** DME group was divided into the aflibercept group(34 cases)and the aflibercept combined with TA group(combined group,33 cases).The aqueous humor of both groups was collected during the study *** aqueous levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEgF),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were detected using a microsphere suspension array technology(Luminex 200TM).Aqueous cytokines,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and complications before and after treatment were compared between the aflibercept group and combined ***:The concentrations of VEgF,MCP-1,IL-6,and IL-8 in the aqueous humor were significantly higher in the DME group than those of the control group(all Pgery,the concentrations of VEgF,MCP-1,IL-6,and IL-8 in the aqueous humor were significantly lower in the combined group than those of the aflibercept group(all Pgroups were statistically different after 1 and 2mo of treatment(Pgnificant after 3mo of treatment(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The cytokines VEgF,MCP-1,IL-6,and IL-8 in the aqueous humor of DME patients are significantly *** and aflibercept combined with TA have good efficacy in DME patients,can effectively reduce CMT,improve the patient’s vision,and have high *** combined with TA can quickly downregulate the aqueous humor cytokines and help to relieve macular edema ***,the long-term eff

关键词： diabetic macular edema aqueous humor cytokines aflibercept triamcinolone acetonide

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game changer:How Janus kinase inhibitors are reshaping the landscape of ulcerative colitis mana

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2024年第35期30卷 3942-3953页

作者： Antonio M Caballero-Mateos guillermo Arturo Cañadas-de la Fuente department of gastroenterology and Hepatology San Cecilio University HospitalGranada 18014Spain department of Nursing Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranada 18004Spain

Recent advancements in the treatment landscape of ulcerative colitis(UC)have ushered in a new era of possibilities,particularly with the introduction of Janus kinase(JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription *** novel agents offer a paradigm shift in UC management by targeting key signaling pathways involved in inflammatory *** approved JAK inhibitors(JAKis),such as tofacitinib,filgotinib,and upadacitinib,clinicians now have powerful tools to modulate immune responses and gene expression,potentially revolutionizing the treatment algorithm for *** trials have demonstrated the efficacy of JAKis in inducing and maintaining remission,presenting viable options for patients who have failed conventional ***-world data support the use of JAKis not only as first-line treatments but also in subsequent lines of therapy,particularly in patients with aggressive disease phenotypes or refractory to biologic *** rapid onset of action and potency of JAKis have broadened the possibilities in the management strategies of UC,offering timely relief for patients with active disease and facilitating personalized treatment *** safety concerns,including cardiovascular risks and infections,ongoing research and post-marketing surveillance will continue to refine our understanding of the risk-benefit profile of JAKis in UC management.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Janus kinase inhibitors Filgotinib Tofacitinib Upadacitinib

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Organizational ambidexterity, open innovation and innovation outputs: How do followers and low-flyer EU countries innovate?

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第2期8卷 186-235页

作者： Joao Leitao Sonia de Brito Dina Pereira Faculty of Social and Human Sciences NECE-Research Unit in Business SciencesUniversity of Beira Interior6200-001CovilhaPortugal Research Unit in Business Sciences(NECE) University of Beira InteriorCovilhaPortugal Centre for Management Studies of Instituto Superior Tecnico(CEg-IST) University of Lisbon1649-004LisboaPortugal Instituto de Ciencias Sociais ICsUniversity of Lisbon1649-004LisboaPortugal

This study analyses the role played by organizational ambidexterity and open innovation in innovation outputs,considering business units with different levels of technological intensity(medium-high and high tech,and medium-low and low tech)for countries with different inno-vation *** countries considered in this paper are i)Estonia and Slovenia as innovation followers;i)Slovakia,Hungary,Spain,Czech Republic,Italy,Portugal,Norway,and Croatia as moderate innovators;and ii)Bulgaria,Lithuania and Romania as modest *** the empirical approach,the research hypotheses arise from the literature review and are tested using secondary data collected from the Community Innovation Survey(CIS)*** conceptual model is tested using the logistic regression method,which indicates suitable accuracy and reliability for empirical testing *** evidence reveals that for innovation followers,ambidexterity has a greater influence on the practice of eco-innovation,marketing innovation,and product *** moderate innovators,ambidexterity has a greater influence on the practice of product innovation,process innovation,and *** modest in-novators,ambidexterity has a greater influence on the practice of product innovation,process innovation,and *** regard to open innovation,for innovation followers,this has a negative influence on product innovation in medium-high and high-tech *** moderate innovators,open innovation has a greater influence in process,organizational,and *** the case of modest innovators,open innovation is more significant for innovation outputs in product,organizational,and marketing *** is not always positively related to innovation outputs.

关键词： Organizational ambidexterity CIS Cooperation Open innovation Public innovation policies

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