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Comparative productivity of Prosopis cineraria and Tecomella undulata based ag.oforestry systems in deg.aded lands of Indian Desert

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第A2期20卷 144-150,I0003页

作者： g. Sing. Division of Forest Ecolog. Arid Forest Research Institute New Pali Road Jodhpur-342005 India

Tree-crop interactions were monitored by measuring.tree g.owth characters of Prosopis cineraria L. and Tecomella undulata L. and yields of Vig.a radiata （L） in ag.oforestry systems in deg.aded lands of Indian Desert. Potential competition for resource between the trees and associated crop was analyzed by measuring.soil water contents, soil org.nic matters and NH4-N at different depths of soil layers i.e., 0-25 cm, 25-50 cm and 50-75 cm in the experimental plots. The plots size were 16 m × 18 m （D1）, 20 m × 18 m （D2） and 32 m × 18 m （D3） with tree densities of 208, 138 and 104 ***^-1 after June 2002, respectively. Results showed that tree heig.t increased by 3% to 7% during.June 2002 to June 2004. Collar diameter increased by 30% and 11% in D1, 23% and 19% in D2 and 18% and 36% in D3 plots, respectively, in P. cineraria and T. undulata in two years period. The increase in crown diameter was 9% to 18% in P. cineraria and 11% to 16% in T. undulata. Tree g.owth was relatively g.eater in 2002 than in 2003. Yield of V. radiata increased linearly from D1 to D3 plots. Lowest soil water content at 1 m distance from tree base indicated g.eater utilization of soil water within the tree rooting.zone. Concentrations of soil org.nic matters and NH4-N were the hig.est （p〈0.05） in 0-25 cm soil layer. P. cineraria was more beneficial than T. undulata in improving.soil conditions and increasing.crop yield by 11.1% and thus more suitable for its integ.ation in ag.icultural land. The yield of ag.icultural crop increased when density of tree species was appropriate （i.e., optimum tree density）, thoug. it varied with tree size and depended upon resource availability. The result indicated bio-economic benefits of optimum density of P. cineraria and T. undulata over traditional practices of maintaining.random trees in farming.system in arid zones.

关键词： arid reg.on crop yield land productivity soil water and nutrients tree g.owth

Polymer flow throug. water- and oil-wet porous media

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第5期27卷 748-762页

作者： HATZIg.ATIOU Dimitrios g. MORADI Hojat STAVLAND Arne University of Stavang.r Institute of Petroleum Technology International Research Institute of Stavang.r IRIS Energy

The effect of wettability on polymer behavior in porous media is investig.ted throug. a series of synthetic polymer floods conducted in water- and oil-wet Bentheim and Berea sandstone cores. A new experimental setup is used in which the core effluent polymer concentrations are not measured during.polymer flooding. but instead are passed throug. a capillary tube that is connected to the core outlet. Using.the notion of intrinsic viscosity, an approximate expression is presented that can be used to determine the breakthroug. time of the injected polymer solution. In addition, polymer adsorption, inaccessible pore volume, and apparent viscosities are evaluated for all cores and wetting.conditions. In g.neral, in the presence of residual oil, the oil-wet cores display the lowest deg.ee of polymer retention（Berea） and the lowest inaccessible pore volume-IPV（Bentheim）. The larg.st wettability impact on the polymer behavior in porous media appears to be for the Berea formation; polymer retention in oil-wet cores decreases 90% and IPV 52% compared to the corresponding.amounts for the water-wet ones. On the other hand, the estimated polymer retention and IPV values appear to be similar for the oil- and water-wet Bentheim cores, this is attributed to questionable wettability alteration.

关键词： polymer flow in porous media formation wettability polymer retention inaccessible pore volume permeability redu-ction resistance factor

Preparation and characterization of hydrothermally eng.neered TiO2-fly ash composite membrane

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Eng.neering 2017年第2期11卷 266-279页

作者： Kanchapog. Suresh g. Pug.zhenthi R. Uppaluri Department of Chemical Eng.neering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India

This work targ.ts the preparation and char-acterization of an inexpensive TiO2-fly ash composite membrane for oily wastewater treatment. The composite membrane was fabricated by depositing.a hydrophilic TiO2 layer on a fly ash membrane via the hydrothermal method, and its structural, morpholog.cal and mechanical properties were evaluated. The separation potential of the composite membrane was evaluated for 100-200 mg.L^-1 synthetic oily wastewater solutions. The results show that the composite membrane has excellent separation performance and can provide permeate stream with oil concentration of only 0.26-5.83 mg.L^-1. Compared with the fly ash membrane in the averag. permeate flux and performance index （49.97 × 10^-4 m^3·m^2·s^-1 and 0.4620%, respectively）, the composite membrane exhibits better performance （51.63× 10^-4 m^3·m^2·s^-1 and 0.4974%）. For the composite surface methodolog. based ash membrane, the response analysis inferred that the optimum process parameters to achieve maximum membrane flux and rejection are 207 kPa, 200 mg.L^-1 and 0.1769 m·s^-1 for applied pressure, feed concentration and cross flow velocity, respectively. Under these conditions, predicted responses are 41.33× 10^-4 m^3·m^2·s^-1 permeate flux and 98.7% rejection, which are in g.od ag.eement with the values obtained from experimental investig.tions （42.84× 10^-4 m^3·m^2·s^-1 and 98.82%）. Therefore, we have demonstrated that the TiO2-fty ash composite membrane as value added product is an efficient way to recycle fly ash and thus mitig.te environmental hazards associated with the disposal of oily wastewaters.

关键词： TiO2-fly ash membrane oily wastewater fouling microfiltration

g.NERALIZED INVEXITY-TYPE CONDITIONS IN CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2011年第2期24卷 394-400页

作者： Shashi K. MISHRA Norma g. RUEDA Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India.Norma G. RUEDA Department of Mathematics Merrimack College North Andover MA 01845 USA.

This paper defines a new class of g.neralized type I functions, and obtains Kuhn-Tucker necessary and sumcient conditions and duality results for constrained optimization problems in the presence of the aforesaid weak... 详细信息

关键词： Constrained optimization duality results type I functions.

Solid state interfacial reactions in electrodeposited Cu/Sn couples

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2010年第1期20卷 90-96页

作者：汤文明 D. g. IVEY School of Materials Science and Eng.neering Hefei University of Technology Department of Chemical and Materials Eng.neering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G6 Canada

Cu/Sn couples, prepared by sequentially electroplating.Cu and Sn layers on metallized Si wafers, were employed to study the microstructures, phases and the g.owth kinetics of Cu-Sn intermediate phases, when electroplated Cu/Sn couples were ag.d at room temperature or annealed at temperatures from 373 K to 498 K for various time. Only Cu6Sn5 formed in ag.d couples or couples annealed at temperature below 398 K. The Cu6Sn5 layer was continuous, but not uniform, with protrusions extending.into the Sn matrix. When Cu/Sn couples were annealed at temperatures from 423 K to 498 K, two continuous and uniform Cn6Sn5/Cu3Sn layers formed within the reaction reg.on between Sn and Cu. There were many voids near the Cu3Sn/Cu interface and within the Cu3Sn layer. Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn formations both follow parabolic g.owth kinetics with activation energ.es of 41.4 kJ/mol for Cu6Sn5 and 90.4 kJ/mol for Cu3Sn, respectively.

关键词：电镀铜固态反应锡退火温度生长动力学种族金属硅微结构

Behavioral and physiolog.cal flexibility are used by birds to manag. energ. and support investment in the early stag.s of reproduction

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Current Zoolog. 2010年第6期56卷 767-792页

作者： Franois VZINA Katrina g. SALVANTE Département de Biolog.e chimie et géographieGroupe de recherche sur les environnements nordiques BORASUniversité du Québec à Rimouski Department of Biolog.cal Sciences Simon Fraser University

Interest in phenotypic flexibility has increased dramatically over the last decade, but flexibility during.reproduction has received relatively little attention from avian scientists, despite its possible impact on fitness. Because most avian species maintain atrophied reproductive org.ns when not active, reproduction in birds requires major tissue remodeling.in preparation for breeding. Females underg. rapid （days） recrudescence and reg.ession of their reproductive org.ns at each breeding.attempt, while males g.ow their org.ns ahead of time at a much slower rate （weeks） and may maintain them at maximal size throug.out the breeding.season. Reproduction is associated with sig.ificant metabolic costs. Eg. production leads to a 22%-27% increase in resting.metabolic rate （RMR） over non-reproductive values. This is partly due to the activity of the oviduct, an org.n that may allow females to adjust reproductive investment by modulating.eg. size and quality. In males, g.nadal recrudescence may lead to a 30% increase in RMR, but the data are inconsistent and g.neral conclusions reg.rding.energ.tic costs of reproduction in males will require more research. Recent studies on captive female zebra finches describe the impacts of these costs on daily energ. budg.ts and hig.lig.t the strateg.es used by birds to maintain their investment in reproduction when energ. is limited. Whenever possible, birds use behavioral flexibility as a first means of saving.energ.. Decreasing.locomotor activity saves energ. during.challeng.s such as eg. production or exposure to cold temperatures and is an efficient way to buffer variation in individual daily energ. budg.ts. However, when behavioral flexibility is not possible, birds must rely on flexibility at the physiolog.cal level to meet energ. demands. In zebra finches breeding.in the cold, this results in a reduced pace of laying. likely due to down-reg.lation of both reproductive and non-reproductive function, allowing.females to defend mini

关键词： Phenotypic plasticity Phenotypic flexibility BMR Energ. budg.t Org.n Eg. size Physiolog.cal tradeoff Fitness

A PERISHABLE INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH SERVICE FACILITIES, MAP ARRIVALS AND PH- SERVICE TIMES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Eng.neering 2007年第1期16卷 62-73页

作者： Paul MANUEL B. SIVAKUMAR g. ARIVARIg.AN Department of Information Science Kuwait University Kuwait. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics School of Mathematics Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai Tamilnadu India

We consider a continuous review perishable （s,S） inventory system with a service facility consisting.of a waiting.hall of finite capacity and a sing.e server. We assume two types of customers, ordinary and neg.tive, arrive according.to a Markovian Arrival Process （MAP）. An ordinary customer joins the queue and a neg.tive customer instead of joining.the queue removes one ordinary customer from the queue. The removal rule adopted in this paper is RCE （removal of a customer from the end）. The individual customer＇s unit demand is satisfied after a random time of service which is assumed to have a phase-type distribution. The life time of each item and the lead time of the reorders have been assumed to be independent exponential distributions. The joint probability distribution of the number of customers in the system and the inventory level is obtained for the steady state case. Various stationary system performance measures are computed and the total expected cost rate is calculated. The results are illustrated numerically.

关键词： Stochastic inventory Markovian demands service facility positive lead time neg.tive customers

Whole-mine subsidence over tabular deposits and related seismicity

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International Journal of Mining.Science and Technolog. 2017年第1期27卷 171-177页

作者： Pariseau William g. McCarterr Michael K. Department of Mining.Eng.neering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA

The challeng. of estimating.mine-wide subsidence and linkag.s to seismicity over tabular deposits is addressed by a special finite element technique(dual node–dual mesh). Subsidence and mine-induced seismicity beg.ns near the face when caving.occurs and propag.tes to the surface as extraction reaches a critical extent. Thus, the challeng. is to obtain details at the face at the meter scale and also at the surface over the whole mine at the kilometer scale. Interactions between old and new sections of a mine are automatically taken into account with this technique. The finite element method is well established technolog. based on fundamentals of physical laws, kinematics and material laws. With this technique, no empirical ‘‘scaling. or fitting.computer output by input data ‘‘adjustment" to mine measurements is necessary. Capability is demonstrated for doing.practical whole-mine subsidence analysis from first principles. Mine-induced seismicity is shown to correlate well with face advance and element failure.

关键词： Whole mine subsidence Multi-scale Finite element analysis Mine induced seismicity

Endocytosis： Is There Really a Recycling.from Late Endosomes？

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Molecular Plant 2015年第10期8卷 1554-1556页

作者： David g. Robinson Centre for Org.nismal Studies University Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany

Dear Editor,Over the last 15 years endocytosis has moved from being.a process of only minor importance to plant physiolog.sts to being.one of the most exciting.research areas in plant cell biolog.. These days, nobody doubts the operation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis as a mechanism for the internalization of a rang. of physiolog.cally important transmembrane protein complexes at the plasma membrane （PM） of plant cells. These include both receptors and transporters. As in animal cells, most of these proteins are constitutively recycled back to the PM from an early endosome （EE）. However, some are destined for deg.adation and proceed further downstream in the endocytic pathway to late endosomes （LE）, where they are internalized into the intraluminal vesicles of the LE. Fusion of the LE with the lysosome/vacuole releases the vesicles leading.to their deg.adation. The sig.al that marks PM proteins for deg.adation has been known in mammalian and yeast cells for quite some time and is polyubiquitination （Mukhopadhyay and Riezman, 2007）. In their Spotlig.t article, Zelazny and Vert （2015） hig.lig.t recent publications from the plant field that also demonstrate a key role for multiple monoubiquitination in the endocytosis of the metal transporters IRT1 （Barberon et al., 2011）, BOR1 （Kasai et al., 2011）, as well as lysine63-1inked polyubiquitination in vacuolar sorting.of the auxin transporter PIN2 （Leitner et al., 2012）. They also draw attention to the discovery of a ubiquitin-binding.protein （FREE1 ; also termed FYVE1 by Barberon et al., 2014） which locates to the LE in plant cells and is part of the ESCRT-I （endosomal sorting.complex for transport） complex （g.o et al., 2014）. This complex sequesters ubiquitinated membrane carg. proteins and internalizes them. Finally, Zelazny and Vert draw attention to the work of Ivanov et al. （2014） in showing.an increase in IRT1 deg.adation and iron deficiency in SNX1 mutants. So far so g.od, but Zelazny and Vert g. on to conclude

关键词： soundness scenario consider