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design of experiments to optimize the extraction parameters of a power grade Indian coal

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2018年第4期5卷 417-429页

作者： Heena dhawan Sreedevi Upadhyayula d.K.sharma Centre tor Energy Studies Indian Institute of TechnologyNew Delhi 110016India department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyNew Delhi 110016India

Low grade high ash coals with difficult physical washability characteristics require chemical cleaning techniques such as solvent extractio n to obtain super clean coal with lower ash conte ***,an In di an low grade coal has ash con tent around 44%-50%and there is a need to maximize its solvent extraction yield so as to make this power grade coal industrially *** paper highlights the use of definitive screening design and response surface methodology to extract the maximum organic matter from Kedla coal using ethylenediannnine(EdA)and N-methyl pyrollidone(NMP)as solvents under mild atmospheric pressure *** coal was pre-treated with acetic acid before extractions were carried *** parameters such as the acid pre-treatment time,acid concenmion,particle size,the co-solvent concentratio n and the solvent concentration were optimized in this *** this design of experimenls technique about 40%of the organic matter with minimal ash(less than 2%)content was「endered extractable unlike the already postulated designer solvent system—e,N system(*** containing small amount of EdA)that uses coal to solve nt ratio as 1:17(wt/vol)and coal to co-solvent ratio as 1:l(wt/vol)thus only giving 19%extraction ***,the present design of experimetechnique helps in conserving the number of experimems for process intensification.

关键词： Coal Extraction yield Acid pre-treatment definitive screening design Response surface methodology

Snow Cover Variation and Streamflow Simulation in a Snow-fed River Basin of the Northwest Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第6期9卷 853-868页

作者： Vaibhav sharma V.d.MISHRA P.K.JOSHI Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment Him ParisarSector 37AChandigarh 160036India TERI University New Delhi-110070India

Snowmelt is an important component of any snow-fed river *** Jhelum River is one such transnational mountain river flowing through India and *** basin is minimally glacierized and its discharge is largely governed by seasonal snow cover and ***,accurate estimation of seasonal snow cover dynamics and snowmeltinduced runoff is important for sustainable water resource management in the *** present study looks into spatio-temporal variations of snow cover for past decade and stream flow simulation in the Jhelum River *** cover extent(SCE) was estimated using MOdIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) sensor *** difference Snow Index(NdSI) algorithm was used to generate multi-temporal time series snow cover *** results indicate large variation in snow cover distribution pattern and decreasing trend in different sub-basins of the Jhelum *** relationship between SCE-temperature,SCE-discharge and discharge-precipitation was analyzed for different seasons and shows strong *** streamflow simulation of the entire Jhelum basin Snow melt Runoff Model(SRM) used.A good correlation was observed between simulated stream flow and in-situ *** monthly discharge contribution from different sub-basins to the total discharge of the Jhelum River was estimated using a modified version of runoff model based on temperature-index approach developed for small *** power - an indicator of the erosive capability of streams was also calculated for different sub-basins.

关键词： Snow cover extent(SCE) Streamflow Snow Melt Runoff Model(SRM) Normalized difference Snow Index(NdSI) Jhelum basin Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MOdIS)

Bio-amelioration of alkali soils through agroforestry systems in central Indo-gangetic plains of India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第4期25卷 887-896页

作者： Y.P.Singh gurbachan Singh d.K.sharma Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Regional Research StationLucknow (U.P.) 226005 India Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi 110001 India Central Soil Salinity Research Institute Karnal Haryana 132001 India

A long-term field study was initiated during 1995 at Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow （26047＇58＂ N and 80°46＇24＂ E） to analyze the effect of agroforestry systems on amelioration of alkali soils. Three agroforestry systems （pas- toral, silvipastoral and silvicultural） were compared with the control where no agroforestry system was introduced. Tree-based silvicultural and silvipastoral systems were characterized by tree species Prosopis juliflora and Acacia nilotica along with grass species Leptochloafusca, Panicum maximum, Trifolium alexandrium and Chloris gayana. growth of ten-year-old Prosopis juliflora and Acacia nilotica planted in combi- nation with grasses was significantly higher over the silviculture system with the same species. Tree biomass yields of P. juliflora （77.20 t·ha-1） and A. nilotica （63.20 t·ha-1） planted under silvipastoral system were significantly higher than the sole plantation of （64.50 t·ha-1 and 52.75 t·ha-1）. Fodder yield under the pastoral system was significantly higher than the silvipastoral system during initial years but it was at par with that of silvipastoral systems after eight years of plantation. The microbial biomass carbon in the soils of silvipastoral systems was significantly higher than in soils under sole plantation of trees and control systems. The Prosopis-based silvipastoral system proved more effective in reduc- ing soil pH, displacing Na＋ from the exchange complex, increasing or- ganic carbon and available N, P and K. Improvement in soil physical properties such as bulk density, porosity, soil moisture and infiltration rate was higher in the Prosopis-based silvipastoral system than in the silviculture system or control On the basis of biomass production and improvement in soil health due to tree ＋ grass systems, silvipastoral agroforestry system could be adopted for sustainable reclamation ofhighly alkali soils.

关键词： agroforcstry systems alkali soils biomass production mi-crobial biomass soil amelioration

Status,structure and environmental variations in semi-arid mangroves of India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第1期31卷 163-173页

作者： g.A.Thivakaran Seema B.sharma Abhiroop Chowdhury Arumugam Murugan Coastal and Marine Ecology division Gujarat Institute of Desert EcologyBhujGujaratIndia department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KSKV Kachchh UniversityMundra RoadBhujGujaratIndia department of Chemistry Manipal University JaipurDehmi KalanJaipur-Ajmer Express WayJaipurRajasthan 303007India Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Mandapam Regional CentreMarine Fisheries P.OMandapam CampusRamanathapuramTamil Nadu 623520India

The semi-arid mangroves of the gulf of Kachchh,the largest ecosystems on the west coast of India,are poorly studied in terms of vegetation structure and environmental parameters in spite of their conservation ***,it is necessary to document the structural features of these mangroves in view of ongoing coastal industrial *** forest structure in 10 locations on the northern and southern coasts of the gulf of Kachchh were assessed using the line intercept transect *** included density of young and mature age classes,tree heights,diameters at breast height(dBH)and aboveground biomass,along with seven significant environmental *** tree densities ranged from 350 to 1567 ***-1,while average height and girth at breast height ranged from 1.0 to 6.8 m and 3.0 to 137.0 cm,*** majority of trees(55.6%)were in B 1.8 m height class followed by a 1.9 to 2.4 m class(25.1%).dBH was most often in class 2 cm or lower than *** the canopy index classes,more trees were recorded in class ≤2 *** regeneration density was greater than the recruitment *** study indicates that the poor structural attributes of Avicennia marina *** Stapf and Mold dominated mangroves are largely due to aridity induced by scarce and erratic rainfall and high soil and water *** results should be valuable in conserving and sustainably managing these mangroves in the face of developmental activities.

关键词： Mangroves Vegetation structure Abiotic factors Biodiversity Forest management Aboveground biomass Conservation

Thermal-Based Free Vibration and Buckling Behavior of Bio-inspired Cross-and double-Helicoidal/Bouligand Laminated Composite Plates

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2023年第6期36卷 933-942页

作者： Sagar Paruthi Neha sharma Reeta gulia Lokesh Choudhary Anshu sharma M.O.Belarbi Aman garg Li Li H.d.Chalak department of Civil Engineering DPG Institute of Technology and ManagementGurugramHaryana 122004India department of Multidisciplinary Engineering The NorthCap UniversityGurugramHaryana 122017India department of Chemical Engineering Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon Campus1 GangwondaehakgilChuncheon-SIGangwon-Do 24341Republic of Korea Laboratoire de Recherche en génie Civil(LRgC) Universitéde BiskraB.P.145R.P.07000 BiskraAlgeria State Key Laboratory of digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology School of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology KurukshetraHaryana 133019India

Inspired by living organisms,helicoidal structures are becoming increasingly important in replacing the conventional lamination scheme to enhance the toughness,strength,and stiffness of *** helicoidal laminated composites,each layer is rotated by a specific angle with respect to the previous *** the present study,an attempt has been carried out to compare the free vibration and buckling behavior of the double-helicoidal and cross-helicoidal bio-inspired laminated composite plates under thermal *** influence of lamination scheme,aspect ratio,end conditions,thermal conditions,sideto-thickness ratio,and skew angle on the free vibration and buckling behavior of the plate is *** performance of helicoidal laminated composite plates is compared with that of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic *** study reveals that the helicoidal composites outperform the cross-ply and quasi-isotropic *** most cases studied,the cross-helicoidal plate exhibits stiff behavior.

关键词： double-helicoidal plate Single-helicoidal plate Free vibration Buckling Bio-inspired plate

Loss of oral mucosal stem cell markers in oral submucous fibrosis and their reactivation in malignant transformation

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International Journal of Oral Science 2020年第3期12卷 199-208页

作者： Mohit sharma Felipe Paiva Fonseca Keith d.Hunter Raghu Radhakrishnan department of Oral Pathology Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and ResearchFaridabadHaryanaIndia department of Oral Surgery and Pathology School of DentistryFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldClaremont CrescentSheffieldUK department of Oral Pathology Manipal College of Dental SciencesManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnatakaIndia

The integrity of the basal stem cell layer is critical for epithelial *** this paper,we review the expression of oral mucosal stem cell markers(OM-SCMs)in oral submucous fibrosis(OSF),oral potentially malignant disorders(OPMds)and oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)to understand the role of basal cells in potentiating cancer stem cell behaviour in *** the loss of basal cell clonogenicity triggers epithelial atrophy in OSF,the transition of the epithelium from atrophic to hyperplastic and eventually neoplastic involves the reactivation of basal *** vacillating expression patterns of OM-SCMs confirm the role of keratins 5,14,19,Cd44,β1-integrin,p63,sex-determining region Y box(SOX2),octamer-binding transcription factor 4(Oct-4),c-MYC,B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus integration site 1(Bmi-1)and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1(ALdH1)in OSF,OPMds and *** downregulation of OM-SCMs in the atrophic epithelium of OSF and their upregulation during malignant transformation are illustrated with relevant literature in this review.

关键词： epithelium malignant mucosal

Organic bulk heterojunction enabled with nanocapsules of hydrate vanadium pentaoxide layer for high responsivity self-powered photodetector

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Journal of Semiconductors 2022年第9期43卷 39-45页

作者： Hemraj dahiya Anupam Agrawal ganesh d.sharma Abhishek Kumar Singh The LNM Institute of Information Technology Department of PhysicsJaipurRajasthan 302031India Bhilai Institute of Technology DurgChhattisgarh491001India Rajiv gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology Department of Electronics EngineeringAmethiU.P.229304India

This article demonstrates the fabrication of organic-based devices using a low-cost solution-processable technique.A blended heterojunction of chlorine substituted 2d-conjugated polymer PBdB-T-2Cl,and PC71BM supported nanocapsules hy-drate vanadium penta oxides(HVO)as hole transport layer(HTL)based photodetector fabricated on an ITO coated glass sub-strate under ambient *** device forms an excellent organic junction diode with a good rectification ratio of~*** device has also shown excellent photodetection properties under photoconductive mode(at reverse bias)and zero bias for green light wavelength.A very high responsivity of~6500 mA/W and high external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 1400%have been reported in the *** proposed organic photodetector exhibits an excellent response and recovery time of~30 and~40 ms,respectively.

关键词： self-powered detector green light sensor HVO PBdB-T-2Cl detector processable solution sensor

Numerical investigations on HCCI engine with increased induction induced swirl and engine speed

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第10期22卷 3837-3848页

作者： T.Karthikeya sharma g.Amba Prasad Rao K.Madhu Murthy department of Mechanical Engineering NIT

Homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) mode of combustion is popularly known for achieving simultaneous reduction of NOx as well as soot emissions as it combines the compression ignition(CI) and spark ignition(SI) engine features. In this work, a CI engine was simulated to work in HCCI mode and was analyzed to study the effect of induction induced swirl under varying speeds using three-zone extended coherent flame combustion model(ECFM-3Z, compression ignition) of STAR-Cd. The analysis was done considering speed ranging from 800 to 1600 r/min and swirl ratios from 1 to 4. The present study reveals that ECFM-3Z model has well predicted the performance and emissions of CI engine in HCCI mode. The simulation predicts reduced in-cylinder pressures, temperatures, wall heat transfer losses, and piston work with increase in swirl ratio irrespective of engine speed. Also, simultaneous reduction in CO2 and NOx emissions is realized with higher engine speeds and swirl ratios. Low speeds and swirl ratios are favorable for low CO2 emissions. It is observed that increase in engine speed causes a marginal reduction in in-cylinder pressures and temperatures. Also, higher turbulent energy and velocity magnitude levels are obtained with increase in swirl ratio, indicating efficient combustion necessitating no modifications in combustion chamber design. The investigations reveal a total decrease of 38.68% in CO2 emissions and 12.93% in NOx emissions when the engine speed increases from 800 to 1600 r/min at swirl ratio of 4. Also an increase of 14.16% in net work done is obtained with engine speed increasing from 800 to 1600 r/min at swirl ratio of 1. The simulation indicates that there is a tradeoff observed between the emissions and piston work. It is finally concluded that the HCCI combustion can be regarded as low temperature combustion as there is significant decrease in in-cylinder temperatures and pressures at higher speeds and higher swirl ratios.

关键词： HCCI engine ECFM-3Z swirl ratio emissions and performance

Tempering of exhausted T cells to comprehend their adaptive response for suitable clinical translation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第12期20卷 1401-1402页

作者： Amit sharma Ingo g.H.Schmidt-Wolf department of Integrated Oncology Center for Integrated Oncology(CIO)BonnUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany

Although cancer immunotherapy has taken center stage,exhaustion of T cells is undeniably one of the major problems preventing it from being fully successful[1].Certainly,reversal of T-cell exhaustion or dysfunction is of great importance for developing new strategies and restoring immune ***,counterarguments about the adverse effect of reversing T-cell exhaustion(leading to overactivation of T cells and cytotoxicity)and even their irreversible properties have been quite common in scientific *** more to be discovered about the reasons for T-cell failure,a better understanding of the molecular factors/determinants[2,3]that shape/remodel“heterogeneous”dysfunctional T cells in cancer makes clear ***,two recent publications in Nature immunology have described the intriguing perspective of T-cell exhaustion[4,5].Of interest,Vignali et *** on the hypoxia-driven Cd39-dependent suppressor function of exhausted T cells,whereas Saadey et *** restoring the epigenetic balance of TgFβ1/BMP signaling in exhausted T cells to unlock responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

关键词： irreversible exhaustion publications