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Exploring hemp seed hull biomass for an integrated C-5 biorefinery:Xylose and activated carbon

Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第3期9卷 310-321页

作者： Sreesha malayil Luke Loughran frederik mendoza Ulken Jagannadh Satyavolu Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research University of LouisvilleKentucky 40292United States Bioproducts LLC LouisvilleKentucky 40206United States RTI International Research Triangle ParkNC 27709United States

Large quantities of hemp hulls can be completely utilized for creation of value-added products (cost effective biofuels and biochemicals) through a biorefinery approach. A sustainable approach in making xylose, a low calorie sweetener and high surface area activated carbons (AC) for super capacitors, attracts interest. The AC when leveraged as a co-product from biorefinery process makes it more cost effective and, in this paper, we discuss the production of xylose and AC from hemp seed hull with methane sulphonic acid (mSA) hydrolysis. Xylose recovery with mSA hydrolysis was 25.15 g/L when compared to the traditional sulphuric acid (SA) hydrolysis of 19.96 g/L at the same acid loading of 1.8 %. The scanning electron microscope (SEm) images and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra indicate partial delignification along with hemicellulose hydrolysis responsible for high xylose recovery. Post hydrolysis fibers were KOH activated and carbonized to make AC. The mSA hydrolyzed and KOH activated fiber produced pure, fluffier and finer particle AC with a drastic increase in surface area 1 452 m2/g when compared to SA hydrolyzed of 977 m2/g. These results indicate the potential of mSA in dilute acid hydrolysis of biomass for xylose recovery and production of high surface area activated carbon. From a production standpoint this can lead to increased use of sustainable low-cost agricultural biomass for making high surface area AC as components in supercapacitors.

关键词： Xylose C-5 biorefinery methane sulphonic acid Delignification Activated carbon Dilute acid hydrolysis

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Direct nanoscopic observation of plasma waves in the channel of a graphene field-effect transistor

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1079-1085页

作者： Amin Soltani frederik Kuschewski marlene Bonmann Andrey Generalov Andrei Vorobiev Florian Ludwig matthias m.Wiecha Dovile Cibiraite frederik Walla Stephan Winnerl Susanne C.Kehr Lukas m.Eng Jan Stake Hartmut G.Roskos Physikalisches Institut Johann Wolfgang Goethe-UniversitatMax-von-Laue-Str.1D-60438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universitat DresdenNöthnitzer Str.61D-01187 DresdenGermany Department of microtechnology and Nanoscience Chalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Institute of Ion Beam Physics and materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 400D-01328 DresdenGermany Complexity and Topology in Quantum matter(CT.QmAT) Cluster of Excellence EXC 2147Dresden/WurzburgGermany Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering Aalto UniversityTietotie 302150EspooFinland

Plasma waves play an important role in many solid-state phenomena and *** also become significant in electronic device structures as the operation frequencies of these devices increase.A prominent example is field-effect transistors(FETs),that witness increased attention for application as rectifying detectors and mixers of electromagnetic waves at gigahertz and terahertz frequencies,where they exhibit very good sensitivity even high above the cut-off frequency defined by the carrier transit *** theory predicts that the coupling of radiation at THz frequencies into the channel of an antenna-coupled FET leads to the development of a gated plasma wave,collectively involving the charge carriers of both the two-dimensional electron gas and the gate *** this paper,we present the first direct visualization of these *** graphene FETs containing a buried gate electrode,we utilize near-field THz nanoscopy at room temperature to directly probe the envelope function of the electric field amplitude on the exposed graphene sheet and the neighboring antenna *** of the field distribution documents that wave injection is unidirectional from the source side since the oscillating electrical potentials on the gate and drain are equalized by capacitive *** plasma waves,excited at 2 THz,are overdamped,and their decay time lies in the range of 25-70 *** this short decay time,the decay length is rather long,i.e.,0.3-0.5μm,because of the rather large propagation speed of the plasma waves,which is found to lie in the range of 3.5-7×10^(6)m/s,in good agreement with *** propagation speed depends only weakly on the gate voltage swing and is consistent with the theoretically predicted 1/4 power law.

关键词： antenna channel transistor

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Study of Simple Hydrodynamic Solutions with the Two-Relaxation-Times Lattice Boltzmann Scheme

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第3期3卷 519-581页

作者： Irina Ginzburg frederik Verhaeghe Dominique d’Humieres Cemagref Antony Regional CentreParc de Tourvoie–BP 4492163Antony CedexFrance Department of metallurgy and materials Engineering Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 443001LeuvenBelgium Laboratoire de Physique Statistique ´Ecole Normale Sup´erieureassociated to CNRS and P.and M.Curie and D.Diderot Universities24 Rue Lhomond75231 Paris C´edex 05France.

For simple hydrodynamic solutions, where the pressure and the velocity arepolynomial functions of the coordinates, exact microscopic solutions are constructedfor the two-relaxation-time (TRT) Lattice Boltzmann model with variable forcing andsupported by exact boundary schemes. We show how simple numerical and analyticalsolutions can be interrelated for Dirichlet velocity, pressure and mixed (pressure/tangential velocity) multi-reflection (mR) type schemes. Special care is taken toadapt themfor corners, to examine the uniqueness of the obtained steady solutions andstaggered invariants, to validate their exact parametrization by the non-dimensionalhydrodynamic and a “kinetic” (collision) number. We also present an inlet/outlet“constant mass flux” condition. We show, both analytically and numerically, that thekinetic boundary schemes may result in the appearance of Knudsen layers which arebeyond the methodology of the Chapman-Enskog analysis. Time dependent Dirichletboundary conditions are investigated for pulsatile flow driven by an oscillating pressuredrop or forcing. Analytical approximations are constructed in order to extend thepulsatile solution for compressible regimes.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann equation Dirichlet boundary conditions pressure boundary conditions two-relaxation-time model Knudsen layers exact hydrodynamic solutions staggered invariants pulsatile flow.

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Two-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Scheme:About Parametrization,Velocity,Pressure and mixed Boundary Conditions

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Communications in Computational Physics 2008年第2期3卷 427-478页

作者： Irina Ginzburg frederik Verhaeghe Dominique d’Humieres Cemagref Antony Regional CentreParc de Tourvoie-BP 4492163 Antony CedexFrance Department of metallurgy and materials Engineering Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 443001LeuvenBelgium Laboratoire de Physique Statistique Ecole Normale Superieureassociated to CNRS and P.and M.Curie and D.Diderot Universities24 Rue Lhomond75231 Paris Cedex 05France.

We develop a two-relaxation-time (TRT) Lattice Boltzmann model for hydrodynamicequations with variable source terms based on equivalent equilibriumfunctions. A special parametrization of the free relaxation parameter is derived. Itcontrols, in addition to the non-dimensional hydrodynamic numbers, any TRT macroscopicsteady solution and governs the spatial discretization of transient flows. Inthis framework, the multi-reflection approach [16, 18] is generalized and extended forDirichlet velocity, pressure and mixed (pressure/tangential velocity) boundary *** propose second and third-order accurate boundary schemes and adapt themfor corners. The boundary schemes are analyzed for exactness of the parametrization,uniqueness of their steady solutions, support of staggered invariants and for the effectiveaccuracy in case of time dependent boundary conditions and transient *** the boundary scheme obeys the parametrization properly, the derived permeabilityvalues become independent of the selected viscosity for any porous structureand can be computed efficiently. The linear interpolations [5, 46] are improved withrespect to this property.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann equation Dirichlet boundary conditions Chapman-Enskog expansion multiple-relaxation-timemodel BGKmodel TRTmodel Navier-Stokes equation Stokes equation recurrence equations staggered invariants.

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Everolimus halts hepatic cystogenesis in a rodent model of polycystic-liver-disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第30期23卷 5499-5507页

作者： frederik Temmerman Feng Chen Louis Libbrecht Ingrid Vander Elst Petra Windmolders Yuanbo Feng Yicheng Ni Humbert De Smedt frederik Nevens Jos van Pelt Laboratory of Hepatology Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Leuven Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospitals KU Leuven Department of Radiology The first Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Department of Pathology Ghent University Hospital Department of Imaging and Pathology Faculty of Medicine Laboratory of molecular and Cellular Signalling Unit of Clinical Digestive Oncology Department of Oncology KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)

AIm To develop a mRI-based method for accurate determination of liver volume(LV) and to explore the effect of long-term everolimus(EVR) treatment on LV in PCK rats with hepatomegaly. mETHODS Thirty-one female PCK rats(model for polycystic-liverdisease: PCLD) were randomized into 3 groups and treatment was started at 16 wk, at the moment of extensive hepatomegaly(comparable to what is done in the human disease). Animals received: controls(n = 14), lanreotide(LAN: 3 mg/kg per 2 wk)(n = 10) or everolimus(EVR: 1 mg/kg per day)(n = 7). LV was measured at week 16, 24, 28. At week 28, all rats were sacrificed and liver tissue was harvested. Fibrosis was evaluated using quantitative image analysis. In addition, gene(quantitative RT-PCR) and protein expression(by Western blot) of the PI3K/Ak T/m TOR signaling pathway was investigated. RESULTS LV determination by mRI correlated excellent with the ex vivo measurements(r = 0.99, P ment were:(controls) +31.8%;(LAN) +5.1% and(EVR) +8.8%, indicating a significantly halt of LV progression compared with controls(respectively, P = 0.01 and P = 0.04). Furthermore, EVR significantly reduced the amount of liver fibrosis(P = 0.004) thus might also prevent the development of portal hypertension. There was no difference in phosphorylation of Akt(Threonine 308) between LAN-treated PCK rats control PCK rats, whereas S6 was significantly more phosphorylated in the LAN group. Phosphorylation of Akt was not different between controls and EVR treated rats, however, for S6 there was significantly less phosphorylation in the EVR treated rats. Thus, both drugs interact with the PI3K/Ak T/m TOR signaling cascade but acting at different molecular *** Everolimus halts cyst growth comparable to lanreotide and reduces the development of fibrosis. m TORinhibition should be further explored in PCLD patients especially those that need immunosuppression.

关键词： Fibrocystic 肝疾病 mTOR 禁止者 Somatostatin 类似物肝体积测量磁性的回声成像

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Obeticholic acid for severe bile acid diarrhea with intestinal failure:A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第21期24卷 2320-2326页

作者： Christian Lodberg Hvas Peter Ott Peter Paine Simon Lal Soren Peter Jorgensen Jens frederik dahlerup Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Aarhus University HospitalAarhus C 8000Denmark Department of Gastroenterology Salford Royal NHS Foundation TrustSalfordManchester M6 8HDUnited Kingdom

Bile acid diarrhea results from excessive amounts of bile acids entering the colon due to hepatic overexcretion of bile acids or bile acid malabsorption in the terminal ileum. The main therapies include bile acid sequestrants, such as colestyramine and colesevelam, which may be given in combination with the opioid receptor agonist loperamide. Some patients are refractory to conventional treatments. We report the use of the farnesoid X receptor agonist obeticholic acid in a patient with refractory bile acid diarrhea and subsequent intestinal failure. A 32-year-old woman with quiescent colonic Crohn's disease and a normal terminal ileum had been diagnosed with severe bile acid malabsorption and complained of watery diarrhea and fatigue. The diarrhea resulted in hypokalemia and sodium depletion that made her dependent on twice weekly intravenous fluid and electrolyte infusions. Conventional therapies with colestyramine, colesevelam, and loperamide had no effect. Second-line antisecretory therapies with pantoprazole, liraglutide, and octreotide also failed. Third-line treatment with obeticholic acid reduced the number of stools from an average of 13 to an average of 7 per 24h and improved the patient's quality of life. The fluid and electrolyte balances normalized. The effect was sustained during follow-up for 6 mo with treatment at a daily dosage of 25 mg. The diarrhea worsened shortly after cessation of obeticholic acid. This case report supports the initial report that obeticholic acid may reduce bile acid production and improve symptoms in patients with bile acid diarrhea.

关键词： Bile acid malabsorption Diarrhea Farnesoid X-activated receptor Crohn’s disease

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Fractional Flow Reserve-guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention:Standing the Test of Time

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications 2016年第B5期1卷 225-232页

作者： frederik m.Zimmermann Lokien X.van Nunen Department of Cardiology Catharina Hospital EindhovenEindhovenThe Netherlands

Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)improves symptoms and prognosis in ischemia-inducing,functionally signifi cant,coronary *** of fractional flow reserve allows physicians to investigate the ischemia-inducing potential of a specifi c lesion and can be used to guide coronary revascularization,especially in multivessel coronary artery *** flow reserve-guided PCI has been extensively *** show that deferral of stenting in non-signifi cant lesions is safe,whereas deferral of stenting in functionally signifi cant lesions worsens ***-guided PCI improves outcome in multivessel disease over angiography-guided *** recently,there was little known about the long-term outcome of FFR-guided revascularization and its validity in acute coronary *** review aims to address the new evidence regarding long-term appropriateness of FFR-guided PCI,the need for hyperemia to evaluate functional severity,and the use of FFR in acute coronary syndromes.

关键词： coronary artery disease percutaneous coronary intervention fractional flow reserve

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Comparison of survival outcomes between laparoscopic versus open radical nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial cancer patients:Experiences of a tertiary care single center

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Current Urology 2023年第4期17卷 292-298页

作者： Benedikt Hoeh marina Kosiba mike Wenzel Nicola meister Felix Preisser Shahrokh F.Shariat Jan Lukas Hohenhorst Andreas Becker Philipp mandel Severine Banek frederik Roos Pierre I.Karakiewicz Felix K.H.Chun Luis A.Kluth Department of Urology University Hospital FrankfurtGoethe University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurt am Main60590Germany Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit Division of UrologyUniversity of Montreal Health CenterMontrealQuebecCanada Department of Urology Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA Department of Urology University of Texas SouthwesternDallasTXUSA Department of Urology Second Faculty of MedicineCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussia Division of Urology Department of Special SurgeryJordan University HospitalThe University of JordanAmmanJordan martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center University Hospital Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany

Objectives:To test for differences in overall and recurrence-free survival between laparoscopic and open surgical approaches in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy(RNU)for upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC).materials and methods:We retrospectively identified patients treated for UTUC from 2010 to 2020 from our institutional *** undergoing laparoscopic or open RNU with no suspicion of metastasis(cm0)were for the current study *** with suspected metastases at diagnosis(cm1)or those undergoing other surgical treatments were *** was performed according to the laparoscopic versus open surgical ***-meier plots were used to test for differences in overall and recurrence-free survival with regard to the surgical ***,separate Kaplan-meier plots were used to test the effect of preoperative ureterorenoscopy on overall and recurrence-free survival within the overall study ***:Of the 59 patients who underwent nephroureterectomy,29%(n=17)underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy,whereas 71%(n=42)underwent open *** and tumor characteristics were comparable between groups(p≥0.2).The median overall survival was 93 and 73 months in the laparoscopic nephroureterectomy group compared to the open nephroureterectomy group(p=0.5),*** median recurrence-free survival did not differ between open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomies(73 months for both groups;p=0.9).Furthermore,the median overall and recurrence-free survival rates did not differ between patients treated with and without preoperative ***:The results of this retrospective,single-center institution showed that overall and recurrence-free survival rates did not differ between patients with UTUC treated with laparoscopic and open ***,preoperative ureterorenoscopy before RNU was not associated with higher overall or recurrence-free survival rates.

关键词： Upper tract urothelial carcinoma Laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy Open radical nephroureterectomy Overall survival

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阶梯式海堤结构波浪爬高糙渗系数确定

阶梯式海堤结构波浪爬高糙渗系数确定

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第十六届中国海洋（岸）工程学术讨论会

作者：王晓敏琚烈红 frederik m.TREUEL 南京水利科学研究院河港所 Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg Germany21073

提出一种新型的斜坡堤加糙方法——阶梯式斜坡堤。通过物理模型实验,研究不同台阶高度对波浪爬高的影响,并确定一定相对台阶高度斜坡堤的糙渗系数。试验结果表明,台阶式斜坡堤糙渗系数在50%左右,有很好的消浪效果,并且糙渗系数随相对台... 详细信息

提出一种新型的斜坡堤加糙方法——阶梯式斜坡堤。通过物理模型实验,研究不同台阶高度对波浪爬高的影响,并确定一定相对台阶高度斜坡堤的糙渗系数。试验结果表明,台阶式斜坡堤糙渗系数在50%左右,有很好的消浪效果,并且糙渗系数随相对台阶高度的增大呈现先减小再增大的趋势,存在糙渗系数最小值,为实际工程设计提供参考价值。

关键词：阶梯式斜坡堤糙渗系数相对台阶高度波浪爬高

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The functional complex network approach to foster forest resilience to global changes

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第3期6卷 194-209页

作者： Christian messier Jürgen Bauhus frederik Doyon Fanny maure Rita Sousa-Silva Philippe Nolet marco mina Núria Aquilué marie-Josée Fortin Klaus Puettmann Département des sciences naturelles and Institut des sciences de la forêt tempérée (ISFORT) Université du Québec en Outaouais(UQO)58 rue PrincipaleRiponQC J0V 1V0 Canada Centre d’étude de la forêt Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)Case postale 8888succursale Centre-VilleMontréalQC H3C 3P8Canada Chair of Silviculture Institute of Forest SciencesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstr.479106 FreiburgGermany Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland Department of Ecology and Evolution University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3B2Canada Department of Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Human impacts on Earth's ecosystems have greatly intensified in the last decades. This is reflected in unexpected disturbance events, as well as new and increasing socio-economic demands, all of which are affecting the resilience of forest ecosystems worldwide and the provision of important ecosystem services. This Anthropocene era is forcing us to reconsider past and current forest management and silvicultural practices, and search for new ones that are more flexible and better at dealing with the increasing uncertainty brought about by these accelerating and cumulative global changes. Here, we briefly review the focus and limitations of past and current forest management and silvicultural practices mainly as developed in Europe and North America. We then discuss some recent promising concepts, such as managing forests as complex adaptive systems, and approaches based on resilience, functional diversity, assisted migration and multi-species plantations, to propose a novel approach to integrate the functionality of species-traits into a functional complex network approach as a flexible and multi-scale way to manage forests for the Anthropocene. This approach takes into consideration the high level of uncertainty associated with future environmental and societal changes. It relies on the quantification and dynamic monitoring of functional diversity and complex network indices to manage forests as a functional complex network. Using this novel approach, the most efficient forest management and silvicultural practices can be determined, as well as where, at what scale, and at what intensity landscape-scale resistance, resilience and adaptive capacity of forests to global changes can be improved.

关键词： forest management North America Ecosystem services

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