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Complement activation by phospholipids: the interplay of factor H and C1q

Protein & Cell 2010年第11期1卷 1033-1049页

作者： Lee Aun Tan Bingbin Yu Francis CJ sim Uday Kishore Robert B sim MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RdOxford OX13QUUK Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK Centre for Infection Immunity and Disease MechanismsBiosciencesSchool of Health Sciences and Social CareBrunel UniversityUxbridge UB83PH West LondonUK Present address Department of Immunology Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonHammersmith HospitalDu Cane RoadLondon W120NNUK Present address School of Life Sciences and Engineering Biology BuildingTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Complement proteins in blood recognize charged *** anionic phospholipid(aPL)cardiolipin binds both complement proteins C1q and factor H.C1q is an activator of the complement classical pathway,while factor H is an inhibitor of the alternative *** examine opposing effects of C1q and factor H on complement activation by aPL,we surveyed C1q and factor H binding,and complement activation by aPL,either coated on microtitre plates or in *** C1q and factor H bound to all aPL tested,and competed directly with each other for *** the aPL activated the complement classical pathway,but negligibly the alternative pathway,consistent with accepted roles of C1q and factor ***,in this system,factor H,by competing directly with C1q for binding to aPL,acts as a direct regulator of the complement classical *** regulatory mechanism is distinct from its action on the alternative *** of classical pathway activation by factor H was confirmed by measuring C4 activation by aPL in human sera in which the C1q:factor H molar ratio was adjusted over a wide *** factor H,which is regarded as a down-regulator only of the alternative pathway,has a distinct role in downregulating activation of the classical complement pathway by aPL.A factor H homologue,β2-glycoprotein-1,also strongly inhibits C1q binding to *** globular domains of C1q A,B and C chains bound aPL similarly to native C1q,confirming that C1q binds aPL via its globular heads.

关键词： complement regulation classical pathway C1q factor H anionic phospholipid

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The SDG Project:A Long-Term Project under Technological Uncertainty

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Engineering 2020年第6期6卷 600-603页

作者： fred Phillips University of New Mexico AlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

*** A second"Warning to Humanity"issued by 15000 scientists from across the globe[1],the"disappointing"COP25 meeting(25th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)[2],and a"grim"United Nations report[3]imply that the ability of Earth's environment to support human life will persist for a much shorter time than the 200 years predicted by physicist Stephen Hawking.

关键词： shorter issued pointing

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The association of type and number of high-risk criteria with cancer-specific mortality in prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy

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CURRENT UROLOGY 2024年第2期18卷 128-132页

作者： Chierigo, Francesco Flammia, Rocco simone Sorce, Gabriele Hoeh, Benedikt Hohenhorst, Lukas Panunzio, Andrea Tian, Zhe Saad, fred Graefen, Marcus Gallucci, Michele Briganti, Alberto Montorsi, Francesco Chun, Felix K. H. Shariat, Shahrokh F. Antonelli, Alessandro Guano, Giovanni Mantica, Guglielmo Borghesi, Marco Suardi, Nazareno Terrone, Carlo Karakiewicz, Pierre I. Univ Genoa Dept Surg & Integrated Diagnost Sci Genoa Italy IRCCS Osped Policlin San Martino Genoa Italy Univ Montreal Hlth Ctr Div Urol Canc Prognost & Hlth Outcomes Unit Montreal PQ Canada IRCCS Policlin San Martino Dept Urol Genoa Italy Univ Genoa Policlin San Martino Hosp Dept Urol Largo Rosanna Benzi 10 I-16132 Genoa Italy Sapienza Rome Univ Policlin Umberto Hosp 1 Dept Maternal Child & Urol Sci Rome Italy Univ Hosp Frankfurt Dept Urol Frankfurt Germany Univ Hosp Hamburg Eppendorf Martini Klin Prostate Canc Ctr Hamburg Germany Univ Verona Azienda Osped Univ Integrata Verona Dept Urol Verona Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Sci Inst Urol Res Inst Div Expt Oncol Unit Urol Milan Italy Med Univ Vienna Comprehens Canc Ctr Dept Urol Vienna Austria Weill Cornell Med Coll Dept Urol New York NY USA Univ Texas Southwestern Dept Urol Dallas TX USA Charles Univ Prague Fac Med 2 Dept Urol Prague Czech Republic IM Sechenov First Moscow State Med Univ Inst Urol & Reprod Hlth Moscow Russia Univ Jordan Jordan Univ Hosp Dept Special Surg Div Urol Amman Jordan

Objectives: This study aimed to test the association between of type and number of D'Amico high-risk criteria (DHRCs) with cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy. Materials and methods: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2016), we identified 31,281 radical prostatectomy patients with at least 1 DHRC, namely, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/mL (hrPSA), biopsy Gleason Grade Group (hrGGG) score of 4 and 5, or clinical tumor stage >= T3 (hrcT). Multivariable Cox regression models and competing risks regression models (adjusting for other cause mortality) tested the association between DHRCs and 5-year CSM. Results: Of 31,281 patients, 14,394 (67%) exclusively harbored hrGGG, 3189 (15%) harbored hrPSA, and 1781 (8.2%) harbored hrcT. Only 2132 patients (6.8%) harbored a combination of the 2 DHRCs, and 138 (0.6%) had all 3 DHRCs. Five-year CSM rates ranged from 0.9% to 3.0% when any individual DHRC was present (hrcT, hrPSA, and hrGGG, in that order), 1.6% to 5.9% when 2 DHRCs were present (hrPSA-hrcT, hrcT-hrGGG, and hrPSA-hrGGG, in that order), and 8.1% when all 3 DHRCs were present. Cox regression models and competing risks regression confirmed the independent predictor status of DHRCs for 5-year CSM that was observed in univariable analyses, with hazard ratios from 1.00 to 2.83 for 1 DHRC, 2.35 to 5.88 for combinations of 2 DHRCs, and 7.13 for all 3 DHRCs. Conclusions: Within individual DHRCs, hrcT and hrPSA exhibited weaker effects than hrGGG did. Moreover, a dose-response effect was identified according to the number of DHRCs. Accordingly, the type and number of DHRCs allow further risk stratification within the high-risk subgroup.

关键词： High risk prostate cancer Radical prostatectomy Cancer-specific mortality Staging SEER BEAM RADIATION-THERAPY RATes

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Relating to HIV among Motorbike Taxi Drivers in Parakou, Benin, in 2021

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 260-272页

作者： Luc Béhanzin Anicette Yénoukounmè Mahoutin Akodjetin Yessito Corine Nadège Houéhanou-Sonou Virginie Mongbo Phinées Adégbola Menakpo Ferdinand Adounkpè Maurice Togbédji Agonnoudé David Houéto Thierry Adoukonou School of Public Health and Epidemiology University of Parakou (ENATSE) Parakou Benin Department of Health Systems and Policies Regional Institute of Public Health Alfred Comlan QUENUM (IRSP) of Ouidah University of Abomey Calavi Abomey Calavi Benin National Laboratory of Narcotics and Toxicology (LNST) Beninese Center for Scientific Research and Innovation (CBRST) University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Benin

Background and Objective: HIV infection is a major global Public Health threat worldwide, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa of which Benin. The level of knowledge determines the attitudes and behaviors of the populations towards this infection. The study objective was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices related to HIV infection among motorbike taxi drivers (MTD) in Parakou in 2021. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study targeting MTD in Parakou in 2021. Participants were selected by cluster sampling. Pretested Digitized questionnaire using KoboCollect@ applicationserved as a data collection tool. Knowledge, attitudes and practices variable were treated on a score scale. A knowledge score was considered to reflect a good knowledge of HIV if at least two-thirds of the knowledge statements had been correctly answered provided the subject recognized the sexual route as one of modes of HIV transmission, identified at least one preventive measure and meant the incurability of the disease. Quantitative and qualitative variables were appropriately described using the EPI Info 7.***.3.3 software. The participant was classified at positive attitude/practice for HIV prevention, when it has a score of at least 80% and suggests a good preventive measure face a risk of exposure to HIV. Results: A total of 374 subjects were recruited into the study. The mean age was 31.51 ± 7.76 years. Most participants (86.06%) had good knowledge of condom use as an HIV prevention method. The sources of information mentioned were mainly the media (77.07%), relatives or friends (63.38%), and field-workers from non-governmental organizations (37.26%). Routine HIV testing was 50.53%. Among participants, 76.10% reported at least two different sexual partners. Condom use was 59.18 % during the casual sexual intercourse. Within the client-provider relationship with female sex workers, 33.17% had had sexual intercourse with them. The sexual route was the most cited (92.

关键词： Knowledge Practice HIV Motorbike Taxi Drivers Benin

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Application of Predictive Model for Efficient Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Yield in the Face of Climate Variability in Enugu State, Nigeria

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 361-389页

作者： Emeka Bright Ogbuene Tonia Nkiru Nwobodo Obianuju Gertrude Aloh Achoru fred Emeka Josiah C. Ogbuka Vivian Amarachi Ozorme Andrew M. Oroke Obiageli Jacinta Okolo Anwara Obianuju Amara E. S. Enemuo Centre for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC) University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Geography University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Geography and Meteorology Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu Nigeria School of Civil Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

Climate variability as occasioned by conditions such as extreme rainfall and temperature, rainfall cessation, and irregular temperatures has considerable impact on crop yield and food security. This study develops a predictive model for cassava yield (Manihot esculenta Crantz) amidst climate variability in rainfed zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. This study utilized data of climate variables and tonnage of cassava yield spanning from 1971 to 2012;as well as information from a questionnaire and focus group discussion from farmers across two seasons in 2023 respectively. Regression analysis was employed to develop the predictive model equation for seasonal climate variability and cassava yield. The rainfall and temperature anomalies, decadal change in trend of cassava yield and opinion of farmers on changes in rainfall season were also computed in the study. The result shows the following relationship between cassava and all the climatic variables: R2 = 0.939;P = 0.00514;Cassava and key climatic variables: R2 = 0.560;P = 0.007. The result implies that seasonal rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and radiation parameters are key climatic variables in cassava production. This is supported by computed rainfall and temperature anomalies which range from −478.5 to 517.8 mm as well as −1.2˚C to 2.3˚C over the years. The questionnaire and focus group identified that farmers experienced at one time or another, late onset of rain, early onset of rain or rainfall cessation over the years. The farmers are not particularly sure of rainfall and temperature characteristics at any point in time. The implication of the result of this study is that rainfall and temperature parameters determine the farming season and quantity of productivity. Hence, there is urgent need to address the situation through effective and quality weather forecasting network which will help stem food insecurity in the study area and Nigeria at large. The study made recommendations such as a

关键词： Climate Variability Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Predictive Model Yield

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Application of Machine Learning for Flood Prediction and Evaluation in Southern Nigeria

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 299-316页

作者： Emeka Bright Ogbuene Chukwumeuche Ambrose Eze Obianuju Getrude Aloh Andrew Monday Oroke Damian Onuora Udegbunam Josiah Chukwuemeka Ogbuka fred Emeka Achoru Vivian Amarachi Ozorme Obianuju Anwara Ikechukwu Chukwunonyelum Anthonia Nneka Nebo Obiageli Jacinta Okolo Centre for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC) University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Department of Geography Enugu State University of Science and Technology ESUT Enugu Nigeria School of Civil Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

This study explored the application of machine learning techniques for flood prediction and analysis in southern Nigeria. Machine learning is an artificial intelligence technique that uses computer-based instructions to analyze and transform data into useful information to enable systems to make predictions. Traditional methods of flood prediction and analysis often fall short of providing accurate and timely information for effective disaster management. More so, numerical forecasting of flood disasters in the 19th century is not very accurate due to its inability to simplify complex atmospheric dynamics into simple equations. Here, we used Machine learning (ML) techniques including Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Neural Networks (NN) to model the complex physical processes that cause floods. The dataset contains 59 cases with the goal feature “Event-Type”, including 39 cases of floods and 20 cases of flood/rainstorms. Based on comparison of assessment metrics from models created using historical records, the result shows that NB performed better than all other techniques, followed by RF. The developed model can be used to predict the frequency of flood incidents. The majority of flood scenarios demonstrate that the event poses a significant risk to people’s lives. Therefore, each of the emergency response elements requires adequate knowledge of the flood incidences, continuous early warning service and accurate prediction model. This study can expand knowledge and research on flood predictive modeling in vulnerable areas to inform effective and sustainable contingency planning, policy, and management actions on flood disaster incidents, especially in other technologically underdeveloped settings.

关键词： Machine Learning Flood Prediction Evaluation Southern Nigeria

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Live above-and belowground biomass of a Mozambican evergreen forest:a comparison of estimates based on regression equations and biomass expansion factors

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第1期3卷 1-12页

作者： Tarquinio Mateus Magalhāes Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Eduardo MondlaneCampus Universitario

Background： Biomass regression equations are claimed to yield the most accurate biomass estimates than biomass expansion factors （BEFs）. Yet, national and regional biomass estimates are generally calculated based on BEFs, especially when using national forest inventory data. Comparison of regression equations based and BEF-based biomass estimates are scarce. Thus, this study was intended to compare these two commonly used methods for estimating tree and forest biomass with regard to errors and biases. Methods： The data were collected in 2012 and 2014. In 2012, a two-phase sampling design was used to fit tree component biomass regression models and determine tree BEFs. In 2014, additional trees were felled outside sampling plots to estimate the biases associated with regression equation based and BEF-based biomass estimates; those estimates were then compared in terms of the following sources of error： plot selection and variability, biomass model, model parameter estimates, and residual variability around model prediction. Results： The regression equation based below-, aboveground and whole tree biomass stocks were, approximately, 7.7, 8.5 and 8.3 % larger than the BEF-based ones. For the whole tree biomass stock, the percentage of the total error attributed to first phase （random plot selection and variability） was 90 and 88 % for regression- and BEF-based estimates, respectively, being the remaining attributed to biomass models （regression and BEF models, respectively）. The percent bias of regression equation based and BEF-based biomass estimates for the whole tree biomass stock were -2.7 and 5.4 %, respectively. The errors due to model parameter estimates, those due to residual variability around model prediction, and the percentage of the total error attributed to biomass model were larger for BEF models （than for regression models）, except for stem and stem wood components. Conclusions＂ The regression equation based biomass stocks were found to be slightly larg

关键词： Androstachysjohnsonii Prain Mecrusse Root growth Biomass additivity Double sampling Forest biomassinventory Carbon allocation

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Benefits of High-voltage SiC-based Power Electronics in Medium-voltage Power-distribution Grids

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2021年第1期7卷 1-26页

作者： fred Wang Shiqi Ji Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of TennesseeTN 37996USA Oak Ridge National Lab Oak RidgeTN 37830USA Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Medium-voltage(MV)power electronics equipment has been increasingly applied m distnbution grids,and high-voltage(HV)silicon carbide(SiC)power semiconductors have attracted considerable attention in recent *** paper first overviews the development and status of HV SiC power ***,MV power-converter applications in distribution grids are summarized and the benefits of HV SiC in these applications are ***,including conventional and asynchronous microgrids,that can fully demonstrate the benefits of HV SiC power semiconductors are selected to investigate the benefits of HV SiC in detail,including converter-level benefits and system-level ***,an asynchronous microgrid power-conditioning system(PCS)prototype using a 10 kV SiC MOSFET is presented.

关键词： Silicon carbide power semiconductor distribution grid asynchronous microgrid power-conditioning system

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On Local Nonreflecting Boundary Conditions for Time Dependent Wave Propagation

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2009年第5期30卷 589-606页

作者： Marcus J. GROTE Imbo sim Department of Mathematics University of Basel

The simulation of wave phenomena in unbounded domains generally requires an artificial boundary to truncate the unbounded exterior and limit the computation to a finite *** the artificial boundary a boundary condition is then needed,which allows the propagating waves to exit the computational domain without spurious *** 1977,Engquist and Majda proposed the first hierarchy of absorbing boundary conditions,which allows a systematic reduction of spurious reflection without moving the artificial boundary farther away from the *** pioneering work,which initiated an entire research area,is reviewed here from a modern *** developments such as high-order local conditions and their extension to multiple scattering are also ***,the accuracy of high-order local conditions is demonstrated through numerical experiments.

关键词： Absorbing boundary conditions Scattering problems Wave equation

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Mechanisms of retinal neuroprotection of calcium dobesilate：therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第10期12卷 1620-1622页

作者： Olga simó-Servat Cristina Solà-Adell Patricia Bogdanov Cristina Hernández Rafael simó Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit Vall d'Hebron Research InstituteCIBERDEM(Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ)BarcelonaSpain

Current treatments for diabetic retinopathy （DR） are based on laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injections of corti- costeroids or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） agents. These treatments are applicable only at advanced stages of the disease. In addition, they are expensive, require a vitreo- retinal specialist and are associated with significant adverse ef- fects. Therefore, new pharmacological treatments for the early stages of the disease are needed.

关键词： Ca Mechanisms of retinal neuroprotection of calcium dobesilate:therapeutic implications

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