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Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Natural and Artificial Carbonaceous Substrates on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第7期10卷 1773-1786页

作者： Jürgen Kern Judy Libra Christian Ammon York neubauer Wenceslau Teixeira Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V.(ATB) Potsdam14469Germany TCKON Engineering Services Dr.-Ing.York neubauer Berlin13088Germany Embrapa Soils Rio de Janeiro24600-000Brazil

The emissions of two greenhouse gases(GHG),carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and nitrous oxide(N2O),from six substrates with different carbonaceous content were compared in short and long-term incubation *** natural soils and three artificial chars were mixed with carbon(C)poor soil(Cambisol)to simulate real conditions after application of char to *** natural soils were a Cambisol,an Anthrosol and a Histosol with C contents of 1.3%,4.4%and 13.2%,*** three chars produced through thermal conversion of wood chips by hydrothermal carbonisation(HTC),fluidized bed gasification and pyrolysis had C contents of 56.9%,75.4%and 79.9%,*** rates of CO_(2)and N2O from the rewetted substrates were measured by gas chromatography over a short time of 72 h and over a long period of nearly two *** short-term CO_(2)emissions from the natural soils showed a clear relationship to their C *** emission rate for the Histosol/Cambisol mixture was three times higher than that for the pure Cambisol,77.1 vs.23.5 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)organic matter(OM)per *** C emission rates for the char/Cambisol mixtures were much lower,ranging between 3.0 and 9.1 mg CO_(2)-C kg OM^(-1)h^(-1),and did not correspond to their total C *** between the two incubation lengths showed that the long-term CO_(2)emission rates were generally one order of magnitude lower than the short-term *** final emission rates for natural substrates over a period of two years were still twice those for artificial char substrates,between 2.2–3.5 mg CO_(2)-C kg OM^(-1)h^(-1)and 1.3–1.8 mg CO_(2)-C kg OM^(-1)h^(-1),*** the contents of total nitrogen(Ntot)and extractable nitrogen(Nmin)were considerable in the chars under study,enhanced N2O release was not observed in the incubation ***,N2O emission rates in the three mixtures of chars and Cambisol were lower by one to two orders of magnitude compared to the pure Cambisol in

关键词： Biochar HTC char incubation experiment GHG carbon stability

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Systemic interleukin-9 in inflammatory bowel disease: Association with mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第22期23卷 4039-4046页

作者： Malgorzata Matusiewicz Katarzyna neubauer Iwona Bednarz-Misa Sabina Gorska Malgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka Department of Medical Biochemistry Wroclaw Medical University Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Wroclaw Medical University Laboratory of Medical Microbiology Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of Sciences

To evaluate circulating IL9 in inflammatory bowel disease and disease-associated anemia/cachexia and assess its potential as a mucosal healing *** IL9 as well as other cytokines (IL1β, IL6, IL13, IFNγ, TNFα, and VEGF-A) were determined in 293 individuals: 97 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 74 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and in 122 apparently healthy controls. The clinical activity of CD and UC was expressed in terms of the Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and the Mayo Scoring System (MDAI), respectively, and the severity of bowel inflammation in UC patients was assessed using Mayo endoscopic score. Cytokine concentrations were measured by a flow cytometry-based method using Luminex xMAP® technology. High-sensitive C-reactive protein concentrations (hsCRP) were determined in CD and UC patients using the enhanced immunoturbidimetric *** IL9 was significantly lower in healthy individuals [9 pg/mL (95%CI: 8.2-10)] than in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): both inactive [14.3 pg/mL (11.9-19.9)] and active [27.6 pg/mL (24.5-32), P < 0.0001]. Cytokine concentrations were significantly higher in active CD [27.4 pg/mL (23.4-32.2)] and in active UC [32.7 pg/mL (27-38.9)] compared to inactive diseases [15.9 pg/mL (10.8-23.4) in CD and 19.4 pg/mL (13.9-27.1) in UC, P = 0.001]. IL9 correlated weakly with CDAI (ρ = 0.32, P = 0.003) and MDAI (ρ = 0.35, P = 0.002) and strongly with endoscopic inflammation in UC (ρ = 0.74, P < 0.0001). As a negative marker of mucosal healing (MH), IL9 had an accuracy superior to hsCRP and IL6 [97% (P < 0.0001), 67% (P = 0.071), and 55% (P = 0.525), respectively]. IL9 was significantly higher in cachectic IBD patients [30.25 pg/mL (24.4-37.5) vs 21.88 pg/mL (18-26.5), P = 0.026] and negatively correlated with hemoglobin concentrations (ρ = -0.27, P < 0.001). Multiple regression showed IL1β and IL13 to be the independent predictors of circulating IL9 in healthy individuals, IFNγ

关键词： Interleukin 9 Mucosal healing Biomarker Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Cachexia Anemia

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Impact of OCT scan-patterns in identifying morphological features of lamellar macular holes and macular pseudoholes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第7期15卷 1089-1094页

作者： Osman Murat Uyar Jonas neubauer Francoise Sadler Eva-Maria Konrad Faik Gelisken Department of Ophthalmology Ulus Liv HospitalIstanbul 34340Turkey Department of Ophthalmology Eberhard-Karls UniversityTuebingen 72076Germany

AIM:To evaluate the impact of the optical coherence tomography(OCT)scan patterns on the detection of the features associated with lamellar macular hole(LMH)and macular pseudohole(MPH).METHODS:This is a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive eyes with LMH(n=41)and MPH(n=59)having at least three of the following OCT features,which include mandatory criteria for the diagnosis of LMH and MPH:Epiretinal membrane,epiretinal proliferation,verticalization,intraretinal cystoid spaces,foveoschisis,irregular foveal contour,foveal cavity with undermined edges,and ellipsoid line *** outcome measurement was the detection frequency of the features in three different OCT scan patterns:1)volume scan;2)six radial scans(R6);and 3)vertical and horizontal radial scans(R2).RESULTS:Of the total eight features,the maximal detection frequency was found as 4.45±1.45,4.35±1.47,and 3.70±1.59,by the volume,R6 and R2,respectively.R2 was inferior to the other patterns in detection of the total features(P<0.001),whereas R6 and volume patterns were found comparable(P=0.312).CONCLUSION:The physician should be aware that the selection of the OCT-scan pattern may influence the detection of mandatory morphological criteria for the diagnosis of LMH and MPH.

关键词： diagnosis epiretinal membrane lamellar macular hole macular pseudohole optical coherence tomography

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America's courts and the criminal justice system / David W. neubauer. 7th ed.

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2002年

作者： David W. neubauer.

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Green-light fundus autofluorescence in diabetic macular edema

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第1期6卷 75-80页

作者： Lukas Reznicek Simeon Dabov Christos Haritoglou Anselm Kampik Marcus Kernt Aljoscha S neubauer Department of Ophthalmology Ludwig Maximilians University

AIM:To evaluate the role of central green-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in diabetic macular edema(DME). METHODS:A consecutive series of 92 study eyes with diabetic retinopathy were included. Out of those, 51 diabetic eyes had DME and were compared to 41 diabetic eyes without DME. In all subjects, green-light FAF images were obtained, quantified and classified into various FAF patterns. Cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were obtained for evaluation of Inner/Outer segment (IS/OS) layer integrity, measurements of central RPE-IS/OS layer thickness as well as classification of DME into various subtypes. ·RESULTS:Meancentralgreen-lightFAFintensityofeyes with DME (1.289 ±0.140)log did not significantly differ from diabetic patients without DME (1.317 ±0.137)log. Most classifiable FAF patterns were seen in patients with cystoid DME. Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) of all study eyes with DME was (501.9±112.4)μm compared to (328.2±27.0)μm in diabetic patients without DME. Patients with DME had significantly more disrupted photoreceptor IS/OS layers than diabetic patients without DME (28/51 vs 5/41, P <0.001). Mean RPE-IS/OS thickness of patients with DME (60.7±14.1)μm was significantly (P<0.001) lower than in diabetic eyes without DME (73.5 ±9.4)μm. Correlation analysis revealed non-significant correlations of green-light FAF intensity and OCT parameters in all subtypes of DME. ·CONCLUSION:Our results indicate a poor correlation of central green-light FAF intensity with CRT, IS/OS layer integrity or RPE-IS/OS layer thickness in diabetic patients with or without DME and its various subtypes. Thus, central green-light FAF is not suitable for detection of retinal thickening in DME.

关键词： diabetic macular edema fundus autofluorescence optical coherence tomography

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放电等离子烧结和快速热压工艺制备具有低或负热膨胀系数钨酸锆块体(英文)

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硅酸盐学报 2009年第5期37卷 749-754页

作者： neubauer Erich GAVRILOVIC Aleksandra ANGERER Paul 奥地利研究中心(ARC) 奥地利塞伯斯多夫A-2444 电化学表面技术中心(CEST) 奥地利维也纳新城A-2700

采用快速热压工艺(放电等离子烧结和感应加热热压),利用ZrW2O5粉料制备了负热膨胀系数(coefficient of thermal expansion,CTE)钨酸锆(ZrW2O8)陶瓷体材料。这两种工艺可在烧结过程中保留负CTE材料钨酸锆所需的结构和相组成。结果表明:... 详细信息

采用快速热压工艺(放电等离子烧结和感应加热热压),利用ZrW2O5粉料制备了负热膨胀系数(coefficient of thermal expansion,CTE)钨酸锆(ZrW2O8)陶瓷体材料。这两种工艺可在烧结过程中保留负CTE材料钨酸锆所需的结构和相组成。结果表明:改变工艺参数,如热压温度和保温时间,可以调节 ZrW2O8陶瓷的CTE从-9 × 10-6/K到+9× 10-6/K变化。首次采用ZrW2O8作为填料与轻金属钛复合制备了零膨胀复合材料。

关键词：钨酸锆体材料负热膨胀材料放电等离子烧结技术感应加热热压工艺金属基复合材料

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Management and treatment of bizarre open globe trauma in three steps:a case report

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2011年第2期4卷 218-219页

作者： Lala Ceklic Slobodanka Latinovic Aljoscha S.neubauer Djoko Obucina Bobana Petrovic Clinical Center of Eastern Sarajevo-Eye Clinic Kasindo Ludvig Maximillian Univeristy Eye Clinic

This is a case presentation of a very bizarre open globe trauma with anterior segment foreign body-fishing hook stuck in the cornea and iris. Complications due to this kind of eye trauma might be very hazardous and with serious impact on visual function. We are representing our approach and experience of three step management of this kind of eye injury: first-extract the foreign body, close and reconstruct the eyeball, second-fight inflammation, and third-restore the visual function by cataract surgery.

关键词： eye trauma anterior segment foreign body traumatic cataract

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Correlation of leaking microaneurysms with retinal thickening in diabetic retinopathy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2011年第3期4卷 269-271页

作者： Lukas Reznicek Marcus Kernt Christos Haritoglou Michael Ulbig Anselm Kampik Aljoscha S neubauer Department of Ophthalmology Ludwig-Maximilians University

AIM: To investigate the contribution of fluorescein angiographic leaking microaneurysms (leak-MA) versus non-leaking microaneurysms (non-leak-MA) to retinal thickening in diabetic ***: A consecutive series of 38 eyes from 24 patients with diabetic retinopathy was ***-MA and non-leak-MA in each eye were selected in pairs at corresponding topographic *** was defined by late phase fluorescein angiograms compared to early *** thickness was measured with Heidelberg Spectralis OCT topographically aligned on early phase angiograms at the MA site and within a 1 mm ***: In all eyes,significant retinal thickening at the site of leaking compared to non-leaking microaneurysms was observed (356±69μm vs 318±56μm,P <0.001),showing a mean increase in thickness in the areas of leak-MA vs non-leak-MA of 38±39μm (95% confidence interval 2551μm,P<0.001).All 1mm area measurements also showed significant (P<0.001) thickening of the leak-MA with average thickness of leak-MA vs non-leak-MA as 351±67μmvs 319±59μm;minimum thickness 311±62μm vs 284±60μm;maximum thickness 389±78μm vs 352±66μm;and retina volume 26.4±6.0mmvs 23.6±3.7mm3,***: Leaking of microaneurysms on fluorescein angiography appears to cause focal thickening of retina,which can be measured with high-resolution ***,targeting leaking microaneursyms in diabetic retinopathy has the potential to reduce retinal thickening.

关键词： diabetic retinopathy microaneurysm retinal thickness OCT

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Role of wide-field autofluorescence imaging and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in differentiation of choroidal pigmented lesions

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2014年第4期7卷 697-703页

作者： Lukas Reznicek Carmen Stumpf Florian Seidensticker Anselm Kampik Aljoscha S neubauer Marcus Kernt Department of Ophthalmology Ludwig Maximilians University Muenchen

·AIM:Toevaluatethe diagnostic properties of wide-field fundus autofluorescence(FAF) scanning laser ophthalmoscope(SLO) imaging for differentiating choroidal pigmented lesions.·METHODS: A consecutive series of 139 patients were included, 101 had established choroidal melanoma with13 untreated lesions and 98 treated with ***-eight had choroidal nevi. All patients underwent a full ophthalmological examination, undilated wide-field imaging, FAF and standardized US examination. FAF images and imaging characteristics from SLO were correlated with the structural findings in the two patient groups.·RESULTS: Mean FAF intensity of melanomas was significantly lower than the FAF of choroidal nevi. Only 1out of 38 included eyes with nevi touched the optic disc compared to 31 out of 101 eyes with melanomas. In 18 out of 101 melanomas subretinal fluid was seen at the pigmented lesion compared to none seen in eyes with confirmed choroidal nevi. In 'green laser separation', a trend towards more mixed FAF appearance of melanomas compared to nevi was observed. The mean maximal and minimal transverse and longitudinal diameters of melanomas were significantly higher than those of nevi.·CONCLUSION: Wide-field SLO and FAF imaging may be an appropriate non-invasive diagnostic screening tool to differentiate benign from malign pigmented choroidal lesions.

关键词： imaging autofluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy choroidal lesion melanoma

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CAIPIRINHA-accelerated T1w 3D-FLASH for small-bowel MR imaging in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease:assessment of image quality and diagnostic performance

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第4期12卷 455-462页

作者： Mengxia Li Anke Dick Nicole Hassold Thomas Pabst Thorsten Bley Herbert Köstler Henning neubauer Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Wuerzburg97080 WuerzburgGermany Department of Pediatrics University Hospital Wuerzburg97080 WuerzburgGermany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Wuerzburg97080 WuerzburgGermany

Background:The“Controlled Aliasing In Parallel Imaging Results In Higher Acceleration”(CAPIRINHA)technique greatly accelerates T1w 3D fast low angle shot(FLASH)scans while maintaining high image *** studied image quality and conspicuity of inflammatory lesions on CAIPIRINHA-accelerated imaging for pediatric small-bowel magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Methods:Forty-four consecutive patients(mean 14±3 years,18 girls)underwent small-bowel MRI(MR enterography,MRE)at 1.5 T including diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),contrast-enhanced CAIPIRINHA 3D-FLASH and standard 2D-FLASH ***’s disease(CD)was confirmed in 26 patients,18 patients served as *** blinded readings were performed for grading of image quality and conspicuity of CD lesions on CAIPIRINHA FLASH and standard FLASH images in comparison to a reference standard comprising imaging and endoscopic ***:CAIPIRINHA FLASH yielded significantly higher image quality with good inter-observer agreement(κ=0.68)and showed better visual delineation in 40%of the assessed bowel lesions,as compared to standard *** was full agreement for identification of CD patients between CAIPIRINHA and standard *** FLASH detected two small-bowel lesions that were not seen on standard *** revealed additional inflammatory lesions inconspicuous on contrast-enhanced *** showed an overall diagnostic accuracy of 93%.Conclusion:We present first evidence that CAIPIRINHA greatly accelerates T1w imaging in paediatric MRE without trade-off in image quality or lesion conspicuity and is thus preferable to standard FLASH imaging.

关键词： CAIPIRINHA Crohn's disease FLASH pediatrics small-bowel MRI

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