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Formulation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems containing monoacyl phosphatidylcholine and Kolliphor^(■) RH40 using experimental design

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第6期13卷 536-545页

作者： Thuy Tran thomas Rades Anette müllertz Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Bioneer: FARmA Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen

The development of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems(SNEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs is usually based on traditional one-factor-at-a-time approaches. These approaches may be inadequate to analyse the effect of each excipient and their potential interactions on the emulsion droplet size formed when dispersing the SNEDDS in an aqueous environment. The current study investigates the emulsion droplet sizes formed from SNEDDS containing different levels of the natural surfactant monoacyl phosphatidylcholine to reduce the concentration of the synthetic surfactant polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil(Kolliphor ~? RH40). monoacyl phosphatidylcholine was used in the form of Lipoid S LPC 80(LPC, containing approximately 80% monoacyl phosphatidylcholine, 13% phosphatidylcholine and 4% concomitant components). The investigated SNEDDS comprised of long-chain or medium-chain glycerides(40% to 75%), Kolliphor ~? RH40(5% to 55%), LPC(0 to 40%) and ethanol(0 to 10%). D-optimal design, multiple linear regression, and partial least square regression were used to screen different SNEDDS within the investigated excipient ranges and to analyse the effect of each excipient on the resulting droplet size of the dispersed SNEDDS measured by dynamic light scattering. All investigated formulations formed nano-emulsions with droplet sizes from about 20 to 200 nm. The use of mediumchain glycerides was more likely to result in smaller and more monodisperse droplet sizes compared to the use of long-chain glycerides. Kolliphor~? RH40 exhibited the most significant effect on reducing the emulsion droplet sizes. Increasing LPC concentration increased the emulsion droplet sizes, possibly because of the reduction of Kolliphor~? RH40 concentration. A higher concentration of ethanol resulted in an insignificant reduction of the emulsion droplet size. The study provides different ternary diagrams of SNEDDS containing LPC and Kolliphor ~? RH40 as a reference for form

关键词： monoacyl phosphatidylcholine Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems D-optimal design Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil Kolliphor^(■)(RH40) Droplet size Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy

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Accuracy of genomic selection in biparental populations of flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)

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The Crop Journal 2016年第4期4卷 290-303页

作者： frank m.You Helen m.Booker Scott D.Duguid Gaofeng Jia Sylvie Cloutier morden Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Crop Development Centre Department of Plant Sciences University of Saskatchewan Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Flax is an important economic crop for seed oil and stem fiber. Phenotyping of traits such as seed yield, seed quality, stem fiber yield, and quality characteristics is expensive and time consuming. Genomic selection(GS) refers to a breeding approach aimed at selecting preferred individuals based on genomic estimated breeding values predicted by a statistical model based on the relationship between phenotypes and genome-wide genetic markers. We evaluated the prediction accuracy of GS(rmP) and the efficiency of GS relative to phenotypic selection(RE) for three GS models: ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction(RR-BLUP),Bayesian LASSO(BL), and Bayesian ridge regression(BRR), for seed yield, oil content, iodine value, linoleic, and linolenic acid content with a full and a common set of genome-wide simple sequence repeat markers in each of three biparental populations. The three GS models generated similar rmPand RE, while BRR displayed a higher coefficient of determination(R^2)of the fitted models than did RR-BLUP or BL. The mean rmPand RE varied for traits with different heritabilities and was affected by the genetic variation of the traits in the *** for seed yield generated a mean RE of 1.52 across populations and marker sets, a value significantly superior to that for direct phenotypic selection. Our empirical results provide the first validation of GS in flax and demonstrate that GS could increase genetic gain per unit time for linseed breeding. Further studies for selection of training populations and markers are warranted.

关键词： Genomic selection SSR Flax Linseed Seed yield Fatty acid composition

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Predation changes the shape of thermal performance curves for population growth rate

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 501-505页

作者： thomas m. LUHRING John P. DELONG School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska 68588 USA

Ectotherms generally demonstrate nonlinear changes in performance （e.g., movement speed, indi- vidual growth, population growth） as a function of temperature that are characterized by thermal performance curves （TPC）. Predation risk elicits phenotypic and behavioral changes that likewise impact performance measures. We tested whether exposure to predation Orthocyclops modestus impacts the maximum population growth rate （rmax） TPC of the protist Paramecium aurelia. We fit predator and non-predator exposed P. aurelia population growth rates to a function previously shown to best describe Paramecium population growth rate TPC＇s （Lactin-2） and compared subse- quent parameter estimates between curves. For Paramecium exposed to predation risk, maximum population growth increased more rapidly as temperatures rose and decreased more rapidly as temperatures fell compared to the initial temperature. The area under each TPC curve remained ap- proximately the same, consistent with the idea of a trade-off in performance across temperatures. Our results indicate TPCs are flexible given variation in food web context and that trophic inter- actions may play an important role in shaping TPCs. Furthermore, this and other studies illustrate the need for a mechanistic model of TPCs with parameters tied to biologically meaningful properties.

关键词： paramecium phenotypic plasticity predation reaction norm temperature thermal performance curve.

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Comparison of the demographic characteristics of pediatric and adult colorectal cancer patients: a national inpatient sample based analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第1期15卷 37-41页

作者： thomas m.Attard Caitlin E.Lawson University of missouri Kansas City Kansas CityMOUSA Pediatric Gastroenterology Children's Mercy Hospital2401Gillham RdKansas CityMO 64108USA Division of Genetics Children's Mercy HospitalKansas CityMOUSA

Background Colorectal cancer in children is rare,but characterized by late presentation,unfavorable histology and poor *** factors for colorectal cancer in children overlap with those for adults with greater influence of hereditary *** epidemiology of colon cancer in children is poorly understood;the aim of this study was to characterize and compare the demographics and relevant clinical characteristics of pediatric and adult colon cancer,using a national inpatient *** The AHRQ online resource HCUPnet/KID database was queried for children,under the age of 18 admitted with ICD 9 Cm diagnoses relating to colorectal cancer,at the time of *** comparison,the corresponding diagnoses in adult patients were queried for each successive *** demographics including residential type and median income by zip-code,tumor localization;if recorded,and mean hospital charges were all accrued and *** Inpatient admissions for pediatric colorectal cancer were more likely male (54%),in the 15-17 years age bracket (57%).They were significantly more likely from Southwestern regions of the Unites States,and were significantly more likely from residential zip-codes identified as at or below the lowest income quartile than adult CRC patients or pediatric patients as a *** charges have more than quadrupled over the time period studied (1997-2012).Conclusions Pediatric colorectal cancer is the most common primary gastrointestinal malignancy in *** understanding associated risk factors including those associated with gender,geographic region and social economic status may contribute to future prevention or early detection strategies.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colorectal neoplasms Demography International classification of diseases Pediatric risk factors

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Salinization:the ultimate threat to temperate lakes,with particular reference to Southeastern Wisconsin(USA)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2015年第6期33卷 1461-1475页

作者： Jeffrey A.THORNTON thomas m.SLAWSKI Hebin LIN International Environmental management Services Ltd. Watershed Services Coordinator The Meadows Center for Water and the EnvironmentTexas State University601 University DriveSan MarcosTX 78666United States of America Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University3-11 TsurukabutoNada-kuKobeHyogo 657 8501Japan Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission W239 N1812 Rockwood DriveP.O.Box 1607WaukeshaWI 53187-1607United States of America

many lakes in Southeastern Wisconsin(the metropolitan-milwaukee area) are gradually becoming increasingly "salty".While these waterbodies would not be considered presently to be saline lakes,there has been a rapid increase in the chloride concentrations in most of these lakes over the last 30 years,with the lakes increasing from a mean chloride concentration of about 19 mg/L to over 100 mg/L in some *** ecological impacts can be expected when chloride values exceed 250 mg/L,the rate of increase presents a basis for concern,especially since the underlying geology of the region is based on limestone/dolomite which is deficient in ***,the origin of the chlorides is anthropogenic:human and industrial wastewaters(treatment of which has effected improvements in trophic status but has not affected other water-borne contaminants) and winter de-icing practices based upon large quantities of sodium chloride are major contributors to the increasing concentrations of chloride in the region's *** taking remedial measures,the rate of salinization is expected to continue to increase,resulting,ultimately,in the alteration of the freshwater systems in the region.

关键词： salinization temperate lakes chloride concentrations salt management

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A novel method of quantifying the coating progress in a three-dimensional prismatic spouted bed

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Particuology 2019年第1期17卷 137-145页

作者： Swantje Pietscha Finn Ole Poppinga Stefan Heinrich michael müller michael Schonherr frank Kleine Jager Hamburg University of Technology Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle TechnologyDenickestraβe 1521073 HamburgGermany BASF SE RCP/TT67056 LudwigshafenGermany

An optical method of experimentally quantifying the coating progress in a laboratory prismatic spouted bed is presented. microcrystalline cellulose particles with size dp = 0.57 mm are used as core material. Waterborne coating suspensions with methylene blue as a dye are used and sprayed via a two-fluid nozzle in bottom-spray configuration. A high-speed camera with a color filter is positioned in front of the observation window of the three-dimensional plant and records the flow pattern in the process chamber with a certain frequency. With increasing surface coverage, the particles become bluer and darker. The change in brightness is detected by digital image analysis. In the implemented algorithm, the spherical particles are detected, cut from the background and normalized regarding their lighting and area. The detection of coated pixels on the single particles allows the calculation of the coating fraction and coating uniformity after a Kalman filter has been applied to reduce noise. It is shown that the method can be used to determine the time needed to reach the maximum blue value indicating a complete coating of the particle bed. Besides the minimum coating duration, information on the spraying performance (e.g., the time point of a possibly occurring blockage of the nozzle) can be obtained from the data. Two exemplary experiments are presented, showing a connection of the slope of the coating fraction and the uniformity of the coating of the particles in the apparatus that results in the recommendation of a slow liquid injection for obtaining consistent coating layers as desired in many applications.

关键词： Spouted bed Particle coating Granulation Digital image analysis

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AN AUGmENTED BV SETTING FOR FEEDBACK SWITCHING CONTROL

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2010年第3期23卷 456-466页

作者： Falk m.HANTE Günter LEUGERING thomas I.SEIDmAN Department mathematik Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Mathematik ⅡUniversitt Erlangen-Nürnberg Department of mathematics and Statistics University of Maryland Baltimore County

This paper considers dynamical systems under feedback with control actions limited *** authors wish to understand the closed-loop systems as approximating multi-scale problemsin which the implementation of switching merely acts on a fast *** hybrid dynamicalsystems are extensively studied in the literature,but not much so far for feedback with partial *** becomes in particular relevant when the dynamical systems are governed by partialdifferential *** authors introduce an augmented BV setting which permits recognition ofcertain fast scale effects and give a corresponding well-posedness result for observations with such *** an application for this setting,the authors show existence of solutions for systemsof semilinear hyperbolic equations under such feedback with pointwise observations.

关键词： Feedback functions of bounded variation hybrid dynamical systems partial state observation switching control.

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Pore characterization of Pm mg–0.6Ca alloy and its degradation behavior under physiological conditions

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2021年第2期9卷 686-703页

作者： Eshwara Phani Shubhakar Nidadavolu Diana Krüger Berit Zeller-Plumhoff Domonkos Tolnai Björn Wiese frank Feyerabend thomas Ebel Regine Willumeit-Römer Division metallic Biomaterials Institute of Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany magnesium Innovation Center(magIC) Institute of Materials ResearchHelmholtz-Zentrum GeesthachtMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany

Several material parameters affect degradation characteristics of mg and its alloys under physiological *** mg materials are interesting for their simultaneous degradation and drug delivery ***,an increase in pore surface area is detrimental to both degradation resistance and subsequent mechanical *** present work aims at determining the threshold porosity value in mg–0.6 Ca specimens produced by powder metallurgy(Pm)below which low degradation rates persist with acceptable mechanical *** different porous mg–0.6 Ca specimens containing both closed and open pore structures were fabricated with porosities ranging from 3%to 21%.Degradation profiles were obtained via a semi static immersion test over 16 days under physiological conditions using Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with Glutamax and 10%fetal bovine serum as *** results are related to morphological pore parameters like pore size distribution,pore interconnectivity and pore curvatures that were quantified using an ex situμCT *** general,with decreasing porosity a decrease in pore interconnectivity is seen followed by rounding of the *** degradation rates(mDRmm/year)are observed in specimens until 10%porosity,however,the upper bound for reproducible degradation is observed to be in specimens until 12%*** porosity level also marks the transition from closed to open pore nature with a simultaneous change in pore interconnectivity from less than 10%to greater than 95%,below and above this porosity level,*** tensile strength and elongation to failure recorded for specimens with 10%porosity were 70 mPa and 2%,respectively displaying positive traits of both homogenous degradation and mechanical *** results suggest that high pore interconnectivity is the dominant factor controlling degradation and mechanical properties in porous mg-0.6 Ca *** results also indicate a good sintering respons

关键词： Porous mg-0.6Ca In vitro Degradation μCT Sintering

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Aristotle, the Intellect, and Cognition

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2014年第2期9卷 229-240页

作者： thomas m. Robinson Department of Philosophy University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5R 2M8 Canada

It is argued in this paper that the famous ＂Active Intellect＂ of De Anima 3.5 is not God, as Alexander of Aphrodisias held, but rather an unchanging, eternally cognizing Intellect which serves as the indispensable condition for the operation of human intellect. It is ＂at the door＂ for each individual, ready to flow in as a stream of light--a light which renders potential objects of cognition knowable, just as visible light makes potentially visible objects visible--from outside that door （thyrathen） any time it is opened. Its existence cannot serve, however, as a proof of the immortality of human intellect, since, being unchanging, it can never possess a feature of human intellect which is characterized by nothing if not change, and that is memory.

关键词： Active Intellect Aristotle cognition dualism essentialism,immortality memory perception Prime mover soul

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Plato the Democrat？ Some Thoughts on the Politics of the Laws

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2013年第4期8卷 530-545页

作者： thomas m. Robinson Department of Philosophy University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 2J7 Canada

In the Laws （which Plato calls his ＂second-best society＂） Plato asserts that the best attainable form of society will combine the better features of autocracy and democracy. The democracy will be one where aidos （＂respect＂） will be a prominent feature, as will be the rule of laws underpinned by the belief that God, not man, is the measure of all things. Unlike in the Republic, the accumulation of wealth and property will be the right of all citizens, including rulers. But it will operate under strict limits： a maximum of four quanta of property will be allowed by any citizen, while a minimum of one （which will provide a good life though perhaps not a rich one） will be guaranteed. The affinity of such a view with that of John Rawls is striking. The article ends with a brief interview between the reader and Plato, in which some of the above issues are discussed.

关键词： Athens autocracy democracy equality God justice Laws,property Plato Rawls Republic

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