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Cross-scale modeling of surface temperature and tree seedling establishment in mountain landscapes

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 313-327页

作者： John R Dingman Lynn C Sweet Ian McCullough frank W Davis Alan Flint Janet franklin Lorraine E Flint Earth Research Institute University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA U.S.Geological Survey California Water Science CenterSacramentoCA 95819USA Bren School of Environmental Science&Management University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106USA School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA

Introduction:Estimating surface temperature from above-ground field measurements is important for understanding the complex landscape patterns of plant seedling survival and establishment,processes which occur at heights of only several ***,future climate models predict temperature at 2 m above ground,leaving ground-surface microclimate not well ***:Using a network of field temperature sensors and climate models,a ground-surface temperature method was used to estimate microclimate variability of minimum and maximum *** lapse rates were derived from field temperature sensors and distributed across the landscape capturing differences in solar radiation and cold air drainages modeled at a 30-m spatial ***:The surface temperature estimation method used for this analysis successfully estimated minimum surface temperatures on north-facing,south-facing,valley,and ridgeline topographic settings,and when compared to measured temperatures yielded an R2 of 0.88,0.80,0.88,and 0.80,*** surface temperatures generally had slightly more spatial variability than minimum surface temperatures,resulting in R2 values of 0.86,0.77,0.72,and 0.79 for north-facing,south-facing,valley,and ridgeline topographic ***-Poisson regressions predicting recruitment of Quercus kelloggii(black oak)seedlings from temperature variables were significantly improved using these estimates of surface temperature compared to air temperature modeled at 2 ***:Predicting minimum and maximum ground-surface temperatures using a downscaled climate model coupled with temperature lapse rates estimated from field measurements provides a method for modeling temperature effects on plant *** methods could be applied to improve projections of species’range shifts under climate *** of complex topography can provide intricate microclimates that may allow species to redistribute locally as climate

关键词： Black oak Climate change Generalized linear models Microclimate Topography Spatial scale Surface temperature

Advanced analysis of laser-driven pulsed magnetic diffusion based on quantum molecular dynamics simulation

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2021年第6期6卷 26-35页

作者： Hiroki Morita Tadashi Ogitsu frank R.Graziani Shinsuke Fujioka Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 Yamada-OkaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East AvenueLivermoreCalifornia 94550USA

Magnetic diffusion plays an important role in inertial confinement fusion with strong magnetic *** this paper,we improve a previous analysis of the generation and diffusion of the magnetic field[Morita et al.,*** 25,094505(2018)].For the generation process,we calculate the temporal evolution of the coil current using a self-consistent circuit *** results show that the peak of the calculated magnetic field is delayed by 1.2 ns compared with that of the incident laser *** the diffusion process,we evaluate the electrical conductivity of warm dense gold over a wide temperature range(300k–100 eV)by combining the kubo–Greenwood formula based on a quantum molecular dynamics simulation with the modified Spitzer *** simulation shows that the maximum magnetic field(530 T)that penetrates the cone is delayed by 2.5 ns compared with the laser *** result is consistent with experiments[Sakata et al.,***.9,3937(2018)]that showed that applying a strong magnetic field improved the heating efficiency of fusion fuel.

关键词： diffusion magnetic dynamics

Mitochondrial Perturbation Negatively Affects Auxin Signaling

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Molecular Plant 2014年第7期7卷 1138-1150页

作者： Pavel Ivanov kerchev Inge De Clercq Jordi Denecker Per Muihlenbock Robert kumpf Long Nguyen Dominique Audenaert Wim Dejonghe frank Van Breusegem Department of Plant Systems Biology VIB Ghent University B-9052 Gent Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University B-9052 Gent Belgium Present address: Department of Plant Protection Biology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden VlB Compound Screening Facility B-9052 Gent Belgium

Mitochondria are crucial players in the signaling and metabolic homeostasis of the plant cell. The molecular components that orchestrate the underlying processes, however, are largely unknown. Using a chemical biology approach, we exploited the responsiveness of Arabidopsis UDP-glucosyltransferase-encoding UGT74E2 towards mitochondrial per- turbation in order to look for novel mechanisms regulating mitochondria-to-nucleus communication. The most potent inducers of UGT74E2 shared a （2-furyl）acrylate （FAA） substructure that negatively affected mitochondrial function and was identified before as an auxin transcriptional inhibitor. Based on these premises, we demonstrated that perturbed mitochondria negatively affect the auxin signaling machinery. Moreover, chemical perturbation of polar auxin transport and auxin biosynthesis was sufficient to induce mitochondrial retrograde markers and their transcript abundance was constitutively elevated in the absence of the auxin transcriptional activators ARF7 and ARF19.

关键词： mitochondrial perturbation auxin signaling retrograde communication.

Expressing Food through Art: Evidence for a Nutrient-Specific Effect on Mood

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第2期3卷 163-167页

作者： Gregory J. Privitera Brianne k. Moshaty frank C. Marzullo Melissa L. Misenheimer Department of Psychology Saint Bonaventure University St. Bonaventure USA

Background: Brain imaging studies show evidence of selective brain reward responses to high calorie foods. Behavioral studies extend this research by showing that such foods can enhance emotions, even for sweet-tasting low calorie foods (i.e., fruits). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that participants will show more positive emotional change when drawing pictures of foods that are high fat or taste sweet compared to bitter-tasting foods—as a possible behavioral intervention for enhancing mood. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to one of four art groups: high fat-high sugar (HFHS;stimulus food: cupcakes), high fat-low sugar (HFLS;stimulus food: pizza), low fat-high sugar (LFHS;stimulus food: strawberries), or low fat-low sugar (LFLS;stimulus food: peppers). Participants used three colors (red, green, black) in their art, were required to use all three colors, and told that the colors they use must reflect actual colors that are natural for the food depicted. Participants drew images of a stimulus food and prepost measures of mood and arousal were recorded. Results: Consistent with the hypothesis, the results show that drawing pictures of high fat foods (cupcakes, pizzas) and a food that tastes sweet (strawberries) results in greater increases in mood compared to drawing a bitter-tasting food (peppers). Changes in mood were independent of BMI, daily sugar intake, daily fat intake, arousal, and hunger. Conclusion: These results extend a growing body of biobehavioral research on the positive impact of food images on mood by showing that this impact can be applied to enhance mood when expressing food images through art.

关键词： Art Sugar Fat Mood Enhancement Arousal

PHASE STRUCTURES AND TRANSITION BEHAVIORS OF A TRIPHENYLENE DISCOTIC LIQUID CRYSTAL

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2007年第1期25卷 57-71页

作者： kwang-Un Jeong Alexander J.Jing Bart Mansdorf Matthew J.Graham frank W.Harris 程正迪 Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science The University of AkronAkronOhio 44325-3909USA

The phase behaviors and structures of a triphenylene-derived discotic liquid crystal （LC） hexa-n-octoxyl- triphenylene （C8HET） were studied using the combined techniques of differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）, selected area electron diffraction （SAED） and polarized light microscopy （PLM）. Onedimensional （1D） powder WAXD results at different temperatures coupled with DSC and PLM observations revealed that the C8HET compound possessed an LC phase and three different crystalline （k3, k2 and k1） phases below the isotropic （I） melt. The I←→ LC phase transition was thermodynamically reversible and independent of the heating and cooling rates. The development and experimental observation of the three crystalline phases relied on different thermal histories. Among the three crystalline phases in CSHET, the k3 phase is the most stable phase, while the k2 and k1 phases are metastable. Note that the k1 phase only formed via a quenching process. Oh the basis of structure sensitive diffraction experiments such as 2D WAXD of oriented samples and SAED of single crystals, detailed structures and molecular packings of these four ordered phases were identified. The LC phase exhibited a hexagonal columnar phase with 2D lattice dimensions ofa = b = 2.38 nm and γ= 120°. All the three crystalline phases possess monoclinic unit cells, yet the y angle is not 90° in the cases of the k2 and the k3 phases, while in the case of the k1 phase the a angle is not 90°.

关键词： Triphenylene discotic liquid crystal Metastability Crystal structure Columnar phase Phase transitions.

Slow-light-enhanced on-chip 1D and 2D photonic crystal waveguide gas sensing in near-IR with an ultrahigh interaction factor

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Photonics Research 2023年第10期11卷 1647-1656页

作者： ZIHANG PENG YIJUN HUANG kAIYUAN ZHENG CHUANTAO ZHENG MINGQUAN PI HUAN ZHAO JIALIN JI YUTING MIN LEI LIANG FANG SONG YU ZHANG YIDING WANG frank k.TITTEL State key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Department of Electrical Engineering and Photonics Research Institute The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 518060China State key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications Changchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTexas 77005USA

Nanophotonic waveguides hold great promise to achieve chip-scale gas sensors. However, their performance is limited by a short light path and small light–analyte overlap. To address this challenge, silicon-based, slow-lightenhanced gas-sensing techniques offer a promising approach. In this study, we experimentally investigated the slow light characteristics and gas-sensing performance of 1D and 2D photonic crystal waveguides(PCWs) in the near-IR(NIR) region. The proposed 2D PCW exhibited a high group index of up to 114, albeit with a high propagation loss. The limit of detection(LoD) for acetylene(C_(2)H_(2)) was 277 parts per million(ppm) for a1 mm waveguide length and an averaging time of 0.4 s. The 1D PCW shows greater application potential compared to the 2D PCW waveguide, with an interaction factor reaching up to 288%, a comparably low propagation loss of 10 dB/cm, and an LoD of 706 ppm at 0.4 s. The measured group indices of the 2D and 1D waveguides are104 and 16, respectively, which agree well with the simulation results.

关键词： waveguide light interaction

Leonardo da Vinci, 1452-1519

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Planting Date, Seeding Rate, and Cultivar Impact Agronomic Traits and Semolina of Durum Wheat

作者： (author.)Zollner frank (1452-1519.)da Vinci·Leonardo

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 2040-2055页

作者： Shana M. Forster Joel k. Ransom frank A. Manthey John R. Rickertsen Grant H. Mehring North Central Research Extension Center North Dakota State University Minot ND USA Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA Hettinger Research Extension Center North Dakota State University Hettinger ND USA

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is a market class of wheat subject to price discounts in the marketplace if quality standards are not met. This study was conducted in order to determine how certain agronomic practices might impact durum wheat quality. The effects of planting date (PD), cultivar, and seeding rate on agronomic and semolina quality traits were investigated in field trials conducted near Hettinger and Minot, ND in 2014 and 2015. The interaction of PD and cultivar was significant for many of the traits evaluated. There was a significant PD X cultivar interaction or PD and cultivar effect for yield in all environments. Planting date X cultivar interacted for test weight at all environments. In general, a delay in PD resulted in a significant decrease in yield and test weight for all cultivars. However, Carpio yielded more than other cultivars in high yielding environments while the yield and test weight of Joppa was more adversely affected by delays in PD. Seeding rate did not have a consistent effect on any agronomic or quality trait. Protein content, kernel yellow pigment content, falling number (FN), and vitreous kernels were more dependent on cultivar, regardless of PD and environment. Semolina extraction, gluten index (GI), and wet gluten (WG) values tended to decrease with a delay in PD. These data continue to support cultivar selection as a critical component for obtaining high-yielding, high-quality durum wheat. However, PD and environment can impact certain agronomic and end-use traits, regardless of cultivar grown.

关键词： Durum Wheat Durum Quality Planting Date Seeding Rate Semolina Grain Protein

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在融合的VPN方案中实现报告和控制功能

网络电信 2006年第11期8卷 21-24页

作者： J．Collins k.frank

企业接受托管式通信业务的前提是运营商在他们提供的VPN网络业务中实现新的、离级的报告和控制功链。

关键词：控制功能 VPN 网络业务通信业务运营商