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A decomposition of light’s spin angular momentum density

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1578-1589页

作者： Alex J.vernon Sebastian Golat Claire Rigouzzo Eugene A.Lim francisco J.Rodríguez-Fortuño Department of Physics King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK London Centre for Nanotechnology LondonUK

Light carries intrinsic spin angular momentum(SAM)when the electric or magnetic field vector rotates over time.A familiar vector equation calculates the direction of light’s SAM density using the right-hand rule with reference to the electric and magnetic polarisation *** Maxwell’s equations,this vector equation can be decomposed into a sum of two distinct terms,akin to the well-known Poynting vector decomposition into orbital and spin *** present the first general study of this spin decomposition,showing that the two terms,which we call canonical and Poynting spin,are chiral analogies to the canonical and spin momenta of light in its interaction with *** canonical momentum,canonical spin is directly *** canonical and Poynting spin incorporate spatial variation of the electric and magnetic fields and are influenced by optical *** decomposition allows us to show that a linearly polarised vortex beam,which has no total SAM,can nevertheless exert longitudinal chiral pressure due to equal and opposite canonical and Poynting spins.

关键词： canonical momentum angular

Plant triterpenoid saponins function as susceptibility factors to promote the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea

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Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1073-1089页

作者： francisco J.Escaray Amelia Felipo-Benavent Cristian J.Antonelli Begona Balaguer Maria Pilar Lopez-Gresa Pablo vera Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas Universidad Politecnica de Valencia-C.S.l.CCiudad Politecnica de la InnovacionEdificio 8Eacceso GIngeniero Fausto Elios/n46022ValenciaSpain

The gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that causes diseases in hundreds of plant species,including high-value *** polyxenous nature and pathogenic success are due to its ability to perceive host signals in its *** this study,we found that laticifer cells of Euphorbia lathyris are a source of susceptibility factors required by *** to cause ***,poor-in-latex(pil)mutants,which lack laticifer cells,show full resistance to this pathogen,whereas lot-of-latex mutants,which produce more laticifer cells,are *** S factors are triterpenoid saponins,which are widely distributed natural products of vast structural *** downregulation of laticifer-specific oxydosqualene cyclase genes,which encode the first committed step enzymes for triterpene and,therefore,saponin biosynthesis,conferred disease resistance to ***,the Medicago truncatula Iha-1 mutant,compromised in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis,showed enhanced ***,the application of different purified triterpenoid saponins pharmacologically complemented the diseaseresistant phenotype ofpil and hla-1 mutants and enhanced disease susceptibility in different plant *** found that triterpenoid saponins function as plant cues that signal transcriptional reprogramming in ***,leading to a change in its growth habit and infection strategy,culminating in the abundant formation of infection cushions,the multicellular appressoria apparatus dedicated to plant penetration and biomass destruction in *** together,these results provide an explanation for how plant triterpenoid saponins function as disease susceptibility factors to promote *** pathogenicity.

关键词： Euphorbia lathyris laticifer cell latex appressorium infection cushion necrotrophic fungi

CONSTANS alters the circadian clock in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1204-1220页

作者： Pedro de los Reyes Gloria Serrano-Bueno francisco J.Romero-Campero He Gao Jose M.Romero Federico valverde Plant Development Group-Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasUniversidad de SevillaSevilleSpain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Universidad de SevillaSevilleSpain Department of Plant Developmental Biology Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologneGermany Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidad de SevillaSevilleSpain

Plants are sessile organisms that have acquired highly plastic developmental strategies to adapt to the *** these processes,the floral transition is essential to ensure reproductive success and is finelyregulated by several internal andexternal genetic *** photoperiodic pathway,which controls plant response to day length,is one of the most important pathways controlling *** Arabidopsis photoperiodic flowering,CONSTANS(CO)is the central gene activating the expression of the florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T(FT)in the leaves at the end of a long *** circadian clock strongly regulates Co ***,to date,no evidence has been reported regarding a feedbackloop from the photoperiod pathway back to the circadian *** transcriptional networks,we have identified relevant network motifs regulating the interplay between the circadian clock and the photoperiod *** expression,chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments,and phenotypic analysis allowed us to elucidate the role of Co over the circadian *** with altered cO expression showed a different internal clock period,measured by daily leaf rhythmic *** showed that co upregulates the expression of key genes related to the circadian clock,such as CCA1,LHY,PRR5,and Gl,at the end of a long day by bindingto specific sites on their ***,a high numberof PRR5-repressed target genes are upregulated by CO,and this could explain the phase transition promoted by *** CO-PRR5 complex interacts with the bZiP transcriptionfactor HY5andhelps to localize the complex in the promoters of clock *** together,our results indicate that there may be a feedback loop in which co communicates back to the circadian clock,providing seasonal information to the circadian system.

关键词： CONSTANS circadian clock photoperiod

Insights on liver-directed surgical innovations, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy for biliary tract cancer: navigating the new European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 516-519页

作者： Ajay v.Maker Division of Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA

Cancers of the bile duct,including gallbladder cancer,extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,hilar and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,present a significant treatment *** by their notorious difficulty to diagnose or biopsy,intricate anatomical locations and diverse clinical presentations,these malignancies collectively contribute to a significant burden on global *** epidemiology of bile duct cancers reveals worldwide variations in incidence,prevalence,and mortality rates,emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of each subtype and the local environmental *** in early diagnosis further compound the complexity of managing these cancers,often leading to advanced stage at the time of detection and treatment *** remains the cornerstone of curative-intent treatment of bile duct cancers,yet the rate of recurrence and metastases underscores the importance of comprehensive multidisciplinary therapeutic *** randomized clinical trials have been performed;however,they have been challenged by the lack of active agents,a limited number of accrued patients,and a grouping of all patients together regardless of where in the biliary tract the tumor *** has resulted in variations in treatment strategies and multiple treatment options that range from immunotherapy to radiation to hepatic artery infusion therapy(more on this later).A greater understanding of the mutational landscape of biliary tract cancers has resulted in optimism around appropriately targeted agents and combination ***,many of these regimens await robust outcomes data,and it is questionable if they significantly move the needle forward to improve overall *** now,more than ever,there is a need for updated treatment guidelines.

关键词： Gallbladder cancer cholangiocarcinoma guidelines bile duct cancer hepatic artery infusion pump

Dehydration of Agro Products in a Hybrid Solar Dryer Controlled through a Fuzzy Logic System

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International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application 2014年第3期3卷 66-76页

作者： Alejandro Reyes francisco Cubillos Andrea Mahn José v.squez Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago Chile

Drying is one of the most energy-intensive processes in agro-products industry. For this reason, using solar energy appears as an attractive not polluting alternative to be used in drying processes. However, the daily and seasonal fluctuations in the radiation level require using energy accumulators with phase change materials (paraffin wax), to have a continuous drying processes. In hybrid solar dryers with energy accumulation system, a control system is essential to coordinate the control valves that allow the income of air that comes from the solar panel or from the energy accumulator. In this work, we implemented an advances multivariable control system that uses fuzzy logic in the hybrid solar dryer. The dryer includes an energy accumulator panel with paraffin wax as phase change material. The input variables were ambient temperature and solar radiation, both not controllable. The controlled variables were the opening level of the solar panel and accumulator energy valves. The control program consisted in an algorithm implemented with the “Fuzzy” toolbox in Matlab. Data were acquired with OPTO 22. The control system performed adequately when used to dehydrate mushroom slices and plums. Closing or opening the respective valves as a response to the variations of solar radiation and ambient air temperature allowed optimizing the use of solar energy.

关键词： Hybrid Solar Dryer Fuzzy Logic Control System Mushroom Plums

Differential effects of environmental climatic variables on parasite abundances in blue tit nests during a decade

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 511-529页

作者： francisco CASTAÑO-vÁZQUEZ Santiago MERINO Evolutionary Ecology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSICMadridSpain

Models on climate change have predicted an increase of temperature over the earth’s surface with potential drastic effects on living *** analyzed the relationships between climatic conditions(temperature,rainfall,and wind speed)and the abundance of blood-sucking flying insects(biting midges and blackflies)and nest-dwelling ectoparasites(mites,fleas,and blowflies)collected from blue tit nests during bird breeding seasons for a period of 10 *** temperature,rainfall,and wind speed showed significant differences among *** and wind speed increased during the period of study while rainfall *** midge,blackfly,and blowfly abundances increased across years but not flea and mite *** date decreased and brood size increased across *** of year variation,parasites were related to climatic *** example,biting midge,blowfly,mite,and flea abundances were positive and significantly related to average *** also found a positive and significant relationship between abundances of Haemoproteus infections and biting midge abundances during the first year of life of birds out of ***,abundance and prevalence of Lankesterella infections in yearlings were positive and significantly related to mite abundances during the year of birth of *** and Lankesterella infections were also significantly related to climatic variables and Haemoproteus and Lankesterella infections increased across *** addition,body condition of adult females and males were negatively related to flea larvae and blowfly abundance *** body condition was also negatively related to biting midge *** in climatic conditions across years could therefore affect several parasites of birds but also to birds themselves.

关键词： biting midges blackfly blowfly Haemoproteus Lankesterella rainfall temperature

Comparative Analysis of Composition and Biodiversity of Saltlicks Forest and Control Forests, TICOYA Resguardo, Tikuna Indigenous Community, San Martin de Amayacu Sector (Colombia Amazonian Trapeze)

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Open Journal of Forestry 2019年第4期9卷 355-380页

作者： Ana Maria Monsalve-Cuartas francisco Castro Rego Mamerto Antonio Gregorio v.squez Higher Institute of Agronomy (ISA) University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Scientific Coordinator Applied Ecology Center Higher Institute of Agronomy University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Department of Forest Management and Wildlife Idaho University (USA) Lisbon Portugal Curaca San Martin de Amacayacu Community Puerto Narino Colombia

Tikuna indigenous believe that the saltlicks are natural sacred spaces in the Amazon Rainforest. Those are health and nutrition spaces of important species of fauna, especially mammals and birds. The perception, knowledge, usage and spiritual management of saltlicks for Tikuna help the conservation of more than 130 species of flora identified in forest inventories. Saltlicks forests have few studies in the Colombian Amazon region. The objective of this study was to identify and compare the composition and structure in a sample of 6 saltlicks, and control forests, present in the perimeter of each one of them, to know if they have similarities or differences. The genres (or species as far as possible) and frequent botanical families were identified. The information was obtained through fieldwork with inventories carried out in the saltlicks and control forests in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017, with the help of local guides and knowledgeable people about flora of Tikuna community (Gregorio family, Cascabel clan), San Martin de Amacayacu village, TICOYA resguardos. In the saltlicks sample, 336 trees in 29 families were identified. The families with more number of trees are Arecaceae, Myristicaceae and Fabaceae. In control forests 345 trees in 27 families were identified;the families with more number of trees are Arecaceae, Myristicaceae, and Sapotaceae. Control forests present a little higher value of richness and diversity that saltlick forests, but they are not statistically significant. The family Arecaceae is the one that predominates in the 6 saltlicks and control forests inventories without being dominant. Control forests have higher values of richness and diversity, but they are not statistically significant. In both samples of inventoried forests, they have little dominance of species. Their species have equity in the saltlicks and control forests.

关键词： Saltlicks Forests Amazon Tikuna Indigenous

Adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor heteromers operate striatal function:impact on Parkinson's disease pharmacotherapeutics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 241-243页

作者： víctor fernández-duenas sergi ferré francisco ciruela unitat de farmacologia departament patologia i terapèutica experimentalfacultat de medicinaidibelluniversitat de barcelonal’hospitalet de llobregatBarcelonaSpain institut de neurociències universitat de barcelonaBarcelonaSpain integrative neurobiology section national institute on drug abuseintramural research programnational institutes of healthBaltimoreMDUSA

The basal ganglia （BG） assemble a series of deep gray matter structures forming recurrent loops that include the cortex and thalamus, and that participate in the regulation of a plethora of brain functions, including elicitation and learning of reward-and aversive stimuli-associated behaviors, motor activity control and sensorimotor gating （Brom- berg-Martin et al., 2010）.

关键词： A(2A) RECEPTORS BASAL GANGLIA DOPAMINE-D-2

Importance of sperm morphology during sperm transport and fertilization in mammals

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 844-850页

作者： francisco A Garcia-vazquez Joaquin Gadea Carmen Matas William v Holt Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Science International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research 'Campus Mare Nostrum' University of Murcia Murcia 30100 Spain Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) Murcia Spain Department of Human Metabolism Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine Sheffield S10 2SF UK

After natural or artificial insemination, the spermatozoon starts a journey from the site of deposition to the place of fertilization. However, only a small subset of the spermatozoa deposited achieves their goal： to reach and fertilize the egg. Factors involved in controlling sperm transport and fertilization include the female reproductive tract environment, cell-cell interactions, gene expression, and phenotypic sperm traits. Some of the significant determinants of fertilization are known （i.e., motility or DNA status）, but many sperm traits are still indecipherable. One example is the influence of sperm dimensions and shape upon transport within the female genital tract towards the oocyte. Biophysical associations between sperm size and motility may influence the progression of spermatozoa through the female reproductive tract, but uncertainties remain concerning how sperm morphology influences the fertilization process, and whether only the sperm dimensions per se are involved. Moreover, such explanations do not allow the possibility that the female tract is capable of distinguishing fertile spermatozoa on the basis of their morphology, as seems to be the case with biochemical, molecular, and genetic properties. This review focuses on the influence of sperm size and shape in evolution and their putative role in sperm transport and selection within the uterus and the ability to fertilize the oocyte.

关键词： CASA-Morph female reproductive tract flagellum morphometry sperm competition sperm head sperm selectionsperm size