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Context-dependent insect predation pressure on an avian ectoparasite

Insect Science 2023年第6期30卷 1784-1797页

作者： Angela Salido Jesús Veiga Joaquín luis Reyes-l.pez francisco Valera Department of Botany Ecology and Plant PhysiologyUniversity of CórdobaCórdobaSpain Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva Estación Experimental de ZonasÁridas(EEZA-CSIC)AlmeríaSpain Department of Parasitology University of GranadaGranadaSpain MEMEG Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden

Context dependence arises when ecological relationships vary with the conditions under which they are observed. Context dependence of interactions involving parasites is poorly known, even if it is key to understanding host–parasite relationships and food web dynamics. This paper investigates to which extent predation pressure on an avian ectoparasite (Carnus hemapterus) is context-dependent. Based on a predator-exclusion experiment, predation pressure on C. hemapterus pupae in the host's nest for 3 years, and its variation between habitat types are quantified. Variation in precipitation and normalized difference vegetation index (nDVI) is also explored as a likely cause of context dependency. We hypothesize that predation pressure should fluctuate with such surrogates of food availability, so that inter-annual and intra-annual differences may emerge. The number of nests with significant reduction of pupae varied widely among years ranging from 24% to 75%. However, average pupae reduction in nests where a significant reduction occurred did not vary between years. no differences in predation rates between habitat types were detected. Precipitation and nDVI varied widely between years and nDVI was consistently lower around nests on cliffs than around nests on trees and farmhouses. Parallels were found between variation in predation pressure and precipitation/nDVI at a wide scale (highest predation the driest year, and much lower the 2 rainier ones), but not at the nest scale. This paper shows clear context-dependent insect predation pressure on an ectoparasite under natural conditions, and that such interaction changes in signs rather than magnitude between years. The causes for these variations require longer-term studies and/or well-designed, large-scale experiments.

关键词： ants arid areas Carnus hemapterus consumer-resource interaction ecosys-tem productivity predator-parasite rainfall

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Relationship between HSP90a, nPC2 and l-PGDS proteins to boar semen freezability

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 582-591页

作者： Julián Valencia Germán Gómez Walter l.pez Henry Mesa francisco Javier Henao Universidad de Caldas Faculty of Agricultural Sciences A.A. 275 Manizales Caldas Colombia

Background： The purpose of this study was to determine the association of three proteins involved in sperm function on the freezability of porcine semen： the heat shock protein 90 alpha（HSP90a）, the niemann-Pick disease type C2 protein（nPC2）, and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase（l-PGDS）.Six adult boars（each boar was ejaculated three times, 18 in total） were classified by freezability based on the percentage of functionally competent sperm. The male semen with highest freezability（MHF） and the male semen with lowest freezability（MlF） were centrifuged immediately after collection to separate seminal plasma and spermatozoa to make four possible combinations of these two components and to incubate them for 3 h,adjusting the temperature to 17 °C, to freeze them afterwards. The quantification of proteins was performed in two stages： at zero and at 3 h after incubation of the four ***： The spermatozoa × incubation time（IT） interaction only had effect（P 〈 0.01） on HSP90 a levels; this protein increased in seminal plasma, after 3 h of incubation, in larger quantity（P 〈 0.05） in combinations with MlF spermatozoa. In relation with the nPC2 protein, two isoforms of 16 and 19 kDa were identified. The 19 kDa isoform was affected（P 〈 0.01） only by the seminal plasma × IT interaction, with superior values（P 〈 0.01） both at zero and three hours of incubation, in the combinations with MHF seminal plasma; and 16 kDa isoform was affected（P 〈 0.01） only by the IT with reduction after 3 h of incubation. The levels of l-PGDS was affected（P 〈 0.01）only by the spermatozoa × IT interaction, which reduced（P 〈 0.01） in combinations with MlF spermatozoa after 3 h of ***： It is possible to consider that the three proteins evaluated were associated with freezability of boar semen due, especially, to the fact that mixtures with MlF spermatozoa showed greater increase levels of the HSP90 a protein and reduction of l-PGDS in plasma. In addition, the seminal

关键词： Boar freezability HSP90a l-PGDS nPC2 Semen preservation Seminal plasma

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A new device for deep cervical artificial insemination in gilts reduces the number of sperm per dose without impairing final reproductive performance

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 402-409页

作者： Pedro J.llamas-l.pez Rebeca l.pez-úbeda Gustavo l.pez Emily Antinoja francisco A.García-Vázquez Department of Physiology Faculty of VeterinaryCampus Mare NostrumUniversity of Murcia30100 MurciaSpain Department of Cell Biology and Histology Faculty of MedicineCampus Mare NostrumUniversity of Murcia30100 MurciaSpain Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia(IMIB-Arrixaca) MurciaSpain Cherkizovo Group LipetskRussia.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of a new artificial insemination(AI) device specifically designed for gilts(Deep cervical AI, Dp-CAI) by means of which the sperm is deposited deeply in the cervix(8 cm more cranial than in traditional cervical insemination-CAI). new AI techniques have arisen in recent decades in the porcine industry, such as post-cervical artificial insemination(PCAI), which involves depositing the sperm in the body of the uterus [through a catheter(outer tube)-cannula(inner tube)] rather than by CAI. Although the PCAI method has been successfully applied in farm conditions to reduce sperm doses without impairing the reproductive performance, this technique has limitations in gilts mainly because of the difficulty involved in introducing the inner cannula through the cranial part of the cervix. For this reason, the Dp-CAI method described herein may be considered as an alternative to CAI and PCAI methods in ***: Gilts were divided in two experimental groups: 1) Dp-CAI: gilts(n = 1166) inseminated using 1.5 × 109 sperm/45 m l;2) CAI(as a control group): gilts(n = 130) inseminated using 2.5 × 10~9 sperm/85 ml. The Dp-CAI method was successfully applied in 88.90% of the gilts, with no differences detected between gilts with 1 or 2 previous oestrus cycles, although the catheter could be introduced more deeply in 2 oestrus gilts(P length of the insemination device that could not be introduced increased(at the moment of insemination), so the success rate of the Dp-CAI device fell, as did the total number of piglets born. When the reproductive output in CAI and Dp-CAI was compared, none of the parameters analysed [pregnancy and farrowing rates(%), and number of piglets born(total and live)] showed significant ***: The use of the Dp-CAI technique provides a new AI method as an alternative to CAI and PCAI for pigs. The device, especially designed for gilts, was used w

关键词： Cervix Intrauterine nulliparous Porcine Post-cervical insemination

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Hummingbird-plant interactions in Chile:An ecological review of the available evidence

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Avian Research 2022年第3期13卷 332-340页

作者： Rodrigo Medel Manuel l.pez-Aliste francisco E.Fontúrbel Departamento de Ciencias Ecol ogicas Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Biología Facultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad Cat olica de ValparaísoValparaísoChile Millennium nucleus of Patagonian limit of life(lili) ValdiviaChile

Hummingbird species have closely evolved with the plants they feed on,which is confirmed by their often tight ecological relationships in natural ***-plant interactions are of interest for research areas such as ecology,evolution,and even agriculture,as they usually inform on the conservation status of interacting species assemblages,and its disappearance may precede the population extinction of the species involved in the *** Chile,there are nine hummingbird species,which interact with a large and diverse number of angiosperm species in forest,desert,and mountain range *** motivation to perform this review is to systematize the available information regarding the flowering plants visited by hummingbird species in Chile,to present some basic plant-hummingbird pollination network metrics,and on this basis to identify the components of the plant-hummingbird relationships in need of further research.A plant-hummingbird metanetwork revealed a low connectance value,low niche overlap,and strong modularity among ***,the fact that most species present a strong allopatric distribution across Chile,suggests that network structure results mostly from the history of colonization rather than from ecological ***,the main threats to Chilean hummingbirds are anthropogenic disturbance and climate change,which disrupt hummingbird-plant interactions,leading to unpredictable ecological consequences at the community *** periods of drought may reduce the resource base for hummingbirds,with dramatic consequences for the maintenance of bird and plant populations.

关键词： Conservation Endemic species Habitat disturbance Pollination Trochilidae

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Modelling the impacts of cover crop management strategies on the water use,carbon exchange and yield of olive orchards

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 283-295页

作者： Alvaro l.pez-Bernal Omar García-Tejera luca Testi francisco J.Villalobos Departamento de Agronomía Universidad de CórdobaCampus de RabanalesEdifi cio C414071 CórdobaSpain Departamento de Ingeniería Agraria Y del Medio natural Universidad de La LagunaCarretera General de Geneto 238200 San Cristóbal de La LagunaSpain Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible(IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científi cas(CSIC)Av.Menéndez Pidal S/N14080 CórdobaSpain

Cover crops have long been proposed as an alternative soil management for minimizing erosion rates in olive stands while providing additional ecosystem ***,the trade-off between these benefits and the competition for water with the trees makes the definition of optimal management practices a challenging task in semiarid *** work presents an improved version of OliveCan,a process-based simulation model of olive orchards that now can simulate the main impacts of cover crops on the water and carbon balances of olive *** simple in its formulation,the new model components were developed to deal with different cover crop management *** are presented for simulation runs of a traditional olive orchard in the conditions of southern Spain,evaluating the effects of different widths for the strip occupied by the cover crop(Fcc)and two contrasting mowing *** revealed that high Fccresulted in lower olive yields,but only when mowing was applied at the end of *** this regard,late mowing and high Fccwas associated with lower soil water content from spring to summer,coinciding with olive flowering and the earlier stages of fruit *** also negatively correlated with surface runoff irrespective of the mowing *** the other hand,net ecosystem productivity(nEP)was substantially affected by both Fccand mowing *** simulations under future climate scenarios comparing the same management alternatives are also presented,showing substantial yield reductions by the end of the century and minor or negligible changes in nEP and seasonal runoff.

关键词： Carbon exchange Cover crops Crop modelling Evapotranspiration Olea europaea l

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a complex syndrome that needs an integrated research approach

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neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 193-196页

作者： Javier Riancho francisco J.Gil-Bea Ana Santurtun Adolfo l.pez de Munaín Service of neurology Hospital Sierrallana-Idival CIBERnED (Center for networked Biomedical Research on neurodegenerative Diseases Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Institute Carlos Ⅲ) neurosciences Area Institute Biodonostia Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Cantabria-Idival Department of neurology University Hospital Donostia Department of neurosciences University of the Basque Country Universidad País Vasco-Euskal Herria Unibertsitatea

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons, lacks an effective treatment. A small fraction of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases have a familial origin, related to mutations in causative genes, while the vast majority of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases are considered to be sporadic, resulting from the interaction between genes and environmental factors in predisposed individuals. During the past few years, dozens of drugs have been postulated as promising strategies for the disease after showing some beneficial effects in preclinical cellular and murine models. However, the translation into clinical practice has been largely unsuccessful and the compounds failed when were tested in clinical trials. This might be explained, at least partially, by the enormous complexity of the disease both from clinico-epidemiological and a pathogenic points of view. In this review, we will briefly comment on the complexity of the disease focusing on some recent findings, and we will suggest how amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research might be reoriented to foster the advance in the diagnostic and therapeutic questions.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AlS environment epidemiology genes phenotype therapy

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Translational pancreatic cancer research:a comparative study on patient-derived xenograft models

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第7期24卷 794-809页

作者： Mercedes Rubio-Manzanares Dorado luis Miguel Marín Gómez Daniel Aparicio Sánchez Sheila Pereira Arenas Juan Manuel Praena-Fernández Juan Jose Borrero Martín francisco farfán l.pez Miguel ángel Gómez Bravo Jordi Muntané Relat Javier Padillo Ruiz Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Virgen del Rocio University Hospital Oncology Surgery Cell Therapy and Organ Transplantation Group Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) Virgen del Rocio University Hospital University of Seville Statistics Methodology and Evaluation of Research Unit Virgen del Rocio University Hospital Pathology Department Virgen del Rocio University Hospital

AIM To assess the viability of orthotopic and heterotopic patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts implanted into nude *** This study presents a prospective experimental analytical follow-up of the development of tumours in mice upon implantation of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples. Specimens were obtained surgically from patients with a pathological diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Tumour samples from pancreatic cancer patients were transplanted into nude mice in three different locations(intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and pancreatic). Histological analysis(haematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining) and immunohistochemical assessment of apoptosis(TUnEl), proliferation(Ki-67), angiogenesis(CD31) and fibrogenesis(α-SMA) were performed. When a tumour xenograft reached the target size, it was reimplanted in a new nude mouse. Three sequential tumour xenograft generations were generated(F1, F2 and F3).RESUlTS The overall tumour engraftment rate was 61.1%. The subcutaneous model was most effective in terms of tissue growth(69.9%), followed by intraperitoneal(57.6%) and pancreatic(55%) models. Tumour development was faster in the subcutaneous model(17.7 ± 2.6 wk) compared with the pancreatic(23.1 ± 2.3 wk) and intraperitoneal(25.0 ± 2.7 wk) models(P = 0.064). There was a progressive increase in the tumour engraftment rate over successive generations for all three models(F1 28.1% vs F2 71.4% vs F3 80.9%, P no significant differences in tumour xenograft differentiation and cell proliferation between human samples and the three experimental models among the sequential generations of tumour xenografts. However, a progressive decrease in fibrosis, fibrogenesis, tumour vascularisation and apoptosis was observed in the three experimental models compared with the human samples. All three pancreatic patient-derived xenograft models presented similar histological and immunohistochemical *** In our experie

关键词： Immunohistological analysis Pancreatic cancer Patient-derived xenograft Animal model nude mice

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Role of serendipity in the discovery of classical antidepressant drugs:Applying operational criteria and patterns of discovery

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第4期12卷 588-602页

作者： francisco l.pez-Muñoz Pilar D’Ocón Alejandro Romero JoséA Guerra CecilioÁlamo Faculty of Health University Camilo JoséCelaVillanueva de la Cañada 28692MadridSpain “Hospital 12 de Octubre”Research Institute(i+12) Avda.de Córdobas/nMadrid 28041Spain Department of Pharmacology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of ValenciaAvda.Vicent Andres Estelless/nValencia 46100Spain Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineComplutense UniversityAvda.Puerta de Hierros/nMadrid 28040Spain Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyComplutense UniversityPl.de Ramón y Cajals/nMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomedical Sciences(Pharmacology Area) Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of AlcaláCampus Científico-TecnológicoCrta.de Madrid-BarcelonaAlcaláde Henares 28871MadridSpain

The role played by serendipity in the origin of modern psychopharmacology has proven to be controversial in scientific *** its original meaning(Walpole),serendipity refers to discoveries made through a combination of accidents and *** have implemented an operational definition of serendipity based on finding something unexpected or unintended,regardless of the systematic process that led to the accidental observation,and we have established four different patterns of serendipitous *** this paper,we have analyzed the role of serendipity in the discovery and development of classical antidepressant drugs,tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors as well as heterocyclic,“atypical”or“second generation”*** discovery of the antidepressant properties of imipramine and iproniazid,the prototypes of tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors,respectively,fits the mixed type II pattern;initial serendipitous discoveries(imipramine was an antipsychotic and iproniazid was an antituberculosis agent)led secondarily to non-serendipitous *** the other components of these two families of drugs were developed specifically as antidepressants,modifying the chemical structure of the series leaders,thereby allowing all of them to be included in the type IV pattern,characterized by the complete absence of *** the heterocyclic drugs,mianserin(originally developed as an antihistamine)also falls into the type II pattern.

关键词： Serendipity Antidepressants Imipramine Iproniazid Psychopharmacology History of neurosciences

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Epidemiology of injuries in male and female youth football players:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第6期11卷 681-695,F0003页

作者： francisco Javier Robles-Palazón Alejandro l.pez-Valenciano Mark De Ste Croix Jon l.Oliver Alberto García-Gómez Pilar Sainz de Baranda francisco Ayala Department of Physical Activity and Sport Faculty of Sport SciencesCampus of Excellence Mare NostrumUniversity of MurciaMurcia 30720Spain Centre for Sport Studies King Juan Carlos UniversityMadrid 28933Spain School of Sport and Exercise University of GloucestershireGloucester GL29HWUK Youth Physical Development Centre School of Sport and Health SciencesCardiff Metropolitan UniversityCardiff CF236XDUK Sport Performance Research Institute new Zealand(SPRInZ) Auckland University of TechnologyAuckland 0632New Zealand Operative Research Centre Miguel Hernández University of ElcheElche 03202Spain

Background:To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in male and female youth football ***:Searches were performed in MEDlInE/PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane library,and SPORTDiscus *** were considered if they reported injury incidence rate in male and female youth(≤19 years old)football *** reviewers(FJRP and AlV)extracted data and assessed trial quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology(STROBE)statement and the newcastle Ottawa *** Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation approach determined the quality of *** were combined using a Poisson random effects regression ***:Forty-three studies were *** overall incidence rate was 5.70 injuries/1000 h in males and 6.77 injuries/1000 h in *** injury incidence(14.43 injuries/1000 h in males and 14.97 injuries/1000 h in females)was significantly higher than training injury incidence(2.77 injuries/1000 h in males and 2.62 injuries/1000 h in females).The lower extremity had the highest incidence rate in both *** most common type of injury was muscle/tendon for males and joint/ligament for *** injuries were the most common in both *** incidence rate of injuries increased with advances in chronological age in *** male players presented higher match injury incidence than sub-elite *** females,there was a paucity of data for comparison across age groups and levels of ***:The high injury incidence rates and sex differences identified for the most common location and type of injury reinforce the need for implementing different targeted injury-risk mitigation strategies in male and female youth football players.

关键词： Incidence Muscle injuries Severity Soccer Young athletes

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Potential seed germination-enhancing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for restoration of Pinus chiapensis ecosystems

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 2143-2153页

作者： Cristina Domínguez-Castillo Julia María Alatorre-Cruz Dolores Castañeda-Antonio Jose Antonio Munive Xianwu Guo Jesús francisco l.pez-Olguín luis Ernesto Fuentes-Ramírez Ricardo Carreño-l.pez Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaPueblaMéxico Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro QuerétaroMéxico Centro de Biotecnología Genómica Instituto Politécnico NacionalReynosaTamaulipasMéxico

Rhizosphere soil samples of three Pinus chiapensis sites were analyzed for their physicochemical properties,soil bacteria isolated and screened in vitro for growthpromoting *** isolates that showed promise were identified to five genera Dyella,luteimonas,Euterobacter,Paraburkholderia and Bacillus based on the sequences of16 S rRnA *** the strains were isolated from nondisturbed *** bacteria significantly decreased germination time and increased sprout *** acetic acid and gibberellin production and phosphate solubilisation were *** indicate that these biochemicals could be essential for *** distribution and suggest the possibility that PGPR inoculation on *** seeds prior to planting could improve germination and possibly seedling development.

关键词： Pinus chiapensis Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Dyella luteimonas Enterobacter

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