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Oncogenic induction of cellular high CpG methylation by Epstein-Barr Barr virus in malignant epithelial cells

Chinese Journal of Cancer 2014年第12期33卷 604-608页

作者： lili li Yuan Zhang Bing-Bing Guo francis k.l.chan Qian Tao Cancer Epigenetics laboratory Department of Clinical Oncology State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Institute of Digestive Disease State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)is a well-known human herpesvirus associated with virtually all nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and^10%of gastric cancer(GC)worldwide.Increasing evidence shows that acquired genetic and epigenetic alterations lead to the initiation and progression of NPC and GC.However,even deep whole exome sequencing studies showed a relatively low frequency of gene mutations in NPC and EBV-associated GC(EBVa GC),suggesting a predominant role of epigenetic abnormities,especially promoter Cp G methylation,in the pathogenesis of NPC and EBVa GC.High frequencies of promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes(TSGs)have been frequently reported in NPC and EBVa GC,with several EBV-induced methylated TSGs identified.Further characterization of the epigenomes(genome-wide Cp G methylation profile—methylome)of NPC and EBVa GC shows that these EBV-associated tumors display a unique high Cp G methylation epigenotype with more extensive gene methylation accumulation,indicating that EBV acts as a direct epigenetic driver for these cancers.Mechanistically,oncogenic modulation of cellular Cp G methylation machinery,such as DNA methyltransferases(DNMTs),by EBV-encoded viral proteins accounts for the EBV-induced high Cp G methylation epigenotype in NPC and EBVa GC.Thus,uncovering the EBV-associated unique epigenotype of NPC and EBVa GC would provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of these unique EBVassociated tumors and further help to develop pharmacologic strategies targeting cellular methylation machinery in these malignancies.

关键词： Epstein-Barr病毒恶性肿瘤细胞基因甲基化病毒诱导 CpG 上皮细胞致癌全国人民代表大会

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Multi-omic analyses identify mucosa bacteria and fecal metabolites associated with weight loss after fecal microbiota transplantation

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The Innovation 2022年第5期3卷 129-139页

作者： Fen Zhang Tao Zuo Yating Wan Zhilu Xu Chunpan Cheung Amy Yli Wenyi Zhu Whitney Tang Paul k.S.chan francis k.l.chan Siew C.Ng Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Institute of Digestive DiseaseState Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseasesLKS Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Microbiota I-Center(MagIC) Hong Kong 999077China Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Center for Gut Microbiota Research Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)has shown promising results in animal models of obesity,while results in human studies are inconsistent.We aimed to determine factors associated with weight loss after FMT in nine obese subjects using serial multi-omics analysis of the fecal and mucosal microbiome.The mucosal microbiome,fecal microbiome,and fecal metabolome showed individual clustering in each subject after FMT.The colonic microbiome in patients showed more marked variance after FMT compared with the duodenal microbiome,characterized by an increased relative abundance of Bacteroides.Subjects who lost weight after FMT sustained enrichment of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Alistipes onderdonkii in the duodenal,colonic mucosal,and fecal microbiome and increased levels of phosphopantothenate biosynthesis and fecal metabolite eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),compared with those without weight loss.Fecal levels of amino acid metabolism-associated were positively correlated with the fecal abundance of B.bifidum,and fatty acid metabolism-associated metabolites showed positive correlations with A.onderdonkii.

关键词： metabolism sustained weight

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Fuzzy Difference Equations in Diagnoses of Glaucoma from Retinal Images Using Deep learning

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 801-816页

作者： D.Dorathy Prema kavitha l.francis Raj Sandeep kautish Abdulaziz S.Almazyad karam M.Sallam Ali Wagdy Mohamed Department of Mathematics Voorhees CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia chandigarh Group of Colleges JhanjeriMohaliPunjabIndia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Faculty of Science and Technology School of IT and SystemsUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia Operations Research Department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan

The intuitive fuzzy set has found important application in decision-making and machine learning.To enrich and utilize the intuitive fuzzy set,this study designed and developed a deep neural network-based glaucoma eye detection using fuzzy difference equations in the domain where the retinal images converge.Retinal image detections are categorized as normal eye recognition,suspected glaucomatous eye recognition,and glaucomatous eye recognition.Fuzzy degrees associated with weighted values are calculated to determine the level of concentration between the fuzzy partition and the retinal images.The proposed model was used to diagnose glaucoma using retinal images and involved utilizing the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and deep learning to identify the fuzzy weighted regularization between images.This methodology was used to clarify the input images and make them adequate for the process of glaucoma detection.The objective of this study was to propose a novel approach to the early diagnosis of glaucoma using the Fuzzy Expert System(FES)and Fuzzy differential equation(FDE).The intensities of the different regions in the images and their respective peak levels were determined.Once the peak regions were identified,the recurrence relationships among those peaks were then measured.Image partitioning was done due to varying degrees of similar and dissimilar concentrations in the image.Similar and dissimilar concentration levels and spatial frequency generated a threshold image from the combined fuzzy matrix and FDE.This distinguished between a normal and abnormal eye condition,thus detecting patients with glaucomatous eyes.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) glaucomatous eyes fuzzy difference equation intuitive fuzzy sets image segmentation retinal images

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The Potential Game-changer:A Concept-to-Proof Study on D:A Heterojunction-Free Organic Photovoltaics

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第3期42卷 252-258页

作者： lijian Zuo Sae Byeok Jo Xueliang Shi francis lin Alex Jen State key laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419 Republic of Korea School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai200062 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Hong kong Institute for Clean Energy Hong KongChina

Since 1986,the donor-acceptor (D:A) heterojunction has been regarded a necessity for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPVs),due to its unique advantage in compensating the intrinsic limitations of organic semiconductors,such as high exciton binding energy and poor ambipolar charge mobility. While this adversely causes tremendous non-radiative charge recombination and instability issues,which currently become the most critical limits for commercialization of OPVs. Here,we present a concept-to-proof study on the potential of D:A heterojunction free OPV by taking advantage of recent progress of non-fullerene acceptors. First,we demonstrate that the “free carriers” can be spontaneously generated upon illumination in an NFA,i.e.,the 6TIC-4F single layer. Second,the 6TIC-4F layer also exhibits good ambipolar charge transporting property. These exceptional characteristics distinguish it from the traditional organic semiconductors,and relieve it from the reliance of D:A heterojunction to independently work as active layer. As a result,the subsequent OPV by simply sandwiching the 6TIC-4F layer between the cathode and anode yields a considerably high power conversion efficiency ~1%. Moreover,we find the D:A heterojunction free device exhibits two order of magnitude higher electroluminescence quantum efficiency and significantly reduced VOC loss by 0.16 eV compared to those of the D:A BHJ structure,validating its promise for higher efficiency in the future. Therefore,our work demonstrates the possibility of using D:A heterojunction-free device structure for high performance,that can potentially become the next game changer of OPV.

关键词： Organic solar cells Spontaneous charge generation Ambipolar charge transport Charge recombination Perovskite-like organic semiconductor Schottky-junction structure Single component

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A case of pseudomembranous colitis associated with rifampicin

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Chinese Medical Journal 1998年第1期111卷 90-91页

作者： l. Y. chan francis k. l. chan Joseph J. Y. Sung Department of Medicine Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

ＡｃａｓｅｏｆｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｅｍｂｒａｎｏｕｓｃｏｌｉｔｉｓａｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｒｉｆａｍｐｉｃｉｎＬ．Ｙ．Ｃｈａｎ，ＦｒａｎｃｉｓＫ．Ｌ．ＣｈａｎａｎｄＪｏｓｅｐｈＪ．Ｙ．ＳｕｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅ... 详细信息

ＡｃａｓｅｏｆｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｅｍｂｒａｎｏｕｓｃｏｌｉｔｉｓａｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｒｉｆａｍｐｉｃｉｎＬ．Ｙ．Ｃｈａｎ，ＦｒａｎｃｉｓＫ．Ｌ．ＣｈａｎａｎｄＪｏｓｅｐｈＪ．Ｙ．ＳｕｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ，ＰｒｉｎｃｅｏｆＷａ...

关键词： case A case of pseudomembranous colitis associated with rifampicin

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Baseline gut microbiota and metabolome predict durable immunogenicity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第10期8卷 5085-5095页

作者： Ye Peng lin Zhang Chris k.P.Mok Jessica Y.l.Ching Shilin Zhao Matthew k.l.Wong Jie Zhu Chunke Chen Shilan Wang Shuai Yan Biyan Qin Yingzhi liu Xi Zhang Chun Pun Cheung Pui kuan Cheong ka long Ip Adrian C.H.Fung kenneth k.Y.Wong David S.C.Hui francis k.l.chan Siew C.Ng Hein M.Tun Microbiota I-Center(MaglC) Hong KongChina Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina li ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Surgery LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Centre for Gut Microbiota Research The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The role of gut microbiota in modulating the durability of cOVID-19 vaccine immunity is yet to be characterised.In this cohort study,we collected blood and stool samples of 121 BNT162b2 and 40 CoronaVac vaccinees at baseline,1 month,and 6 months post vaccination(p.v).Neutralisation antibody,plasma cytokine and chemokines were measured and associated with the gut microbiota and metabolome composition.

关键词： vaccine immunity vaccines

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Doped low-density parity-check codes

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 217-226页

作者： Yong li Rui liu Xianlong Jiao Youqiang Hu Zhen luo francis C.M.lau College of Computer Science Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China School of Automation Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China College of Electronic and Information Engineering Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Future Wiress Networks and IoT Focusing Are Department of Eectronic and Information Engineering HongKong Polytechnic UniversityHongKong China

In this paper,we propose a doping approach to lower the error floor of low-Density Parity-Check(lDPC)codes.The doping component is a short block code in which the information bits are selected from the coded bits of the dominant trapping sets of the lDPC code.Accordingly,an algorithm for selecting the information bits of the short code is proposed,and a specific two-stage decoding algorithm is presented.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed doped lDPC code achieves up to 2.0 dB gain compared with the original lDPC code at a frame error rate of 10^(-6)Furthermore,the proposed design can lower the error floor of original lDPC Codes.

关键词： lDPC codes Doped lDPC codes Tanner graph Quadratic residue codes Trapping sets

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Technical efficiency of cocoa farms at varying elevation levels in Davao City, Philippines: implications to sustainable upland farming systems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 33-48页

作者： francis levi A.DURANO Jon Marx SARMIENTO larry N.DIGAl Pedro A.AlVIOlA IV School of Management University of the Philippines MindanaoDavao City 8000Philippines

Elevation is one of many components that influence agriculture, and this in turn affects the level of both inputs and outputs of farmers. This article focuses on the productivity and technical efficiency of 100 cocoa farms using cross-sectional data from areas ranging from 190 to 1021 m above sea level which were classified as low, medium, and high elevation in Davao City, considered as the chocolate capital of the Philippines. Using stochastic frontier analysis, the results showed that the cost of inputs per ha and the number of cocoa trees per ha significantly increase yield. Farms at high elevations were less technically efficient, as this entails lower temperatures and increased rainfall, and cocoa farming in those areas and conditions can be more challenging, especially with changes in farming practices, terrain, and distance to markets. Other significant variables were age of cocoa farms, married farmers, and age of the farmers. Older farms may be more developed, farmers who are married benefit from their spouses being able to readily contribute as farm labor, and lastly, older farmers' inefficiency may likely stem from nonadaptation of newer farming practices. With an average technical efficiency of 0.61, 0.63, and 0.26 in low, medium, and high elevation areas, respectively, farmers therefore have an incentive to improve farm practices and consider topographical variations found in high elevation areas. Recommendations for the improvement of technical efficiency of cocoa farms are better connectivity to markets, enhancing farm practices, and continuation and improvement of government programs on cocoa with an added emphasis on research. For farmers in high elevation areas, mitigating solutions such as sustainable agriculture practices and ecolabelling are key to improving efficiency and minimizing the potential negative impact on upland farming systems. Moreover, such adaptation measures may also contribute to sustainability of cocoa farming in high elevation areas.

关键词： Cocoa farms Cobb-Douglas production function Elevation Philippines Stochastic frontier analysis Technical efficiency

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Towards a new avenue for rapid synthesis of electrocatalytic electrodes via laser-induced hydrothermal reaction for water splitting

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 340-351页

作者： Yang Sha Menghui Zhu kun Huang Yang Zhang francis Moissinac Zhizhou Zhang Dongxu Cheng Paul Mativenga Zhu liu Department of Materials School of Natural SciencesThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom laser Processing Research Centre Department of MechanicalAerospace and Civil EngineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom National Graphene Institute The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science School of EngineeringThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Research Centre for laser Extreme Manufacturing Ningbo Institute of Materials Engineering and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNingboPeople’s Republic of China

Electrochemical production of hydrogen from water requires the development ofelectrocatalysts that are active,stable,and low-cost for water splitting.To address these challenges,researchers are increasingly exploring binder-free electrocatalytic integratedelectrodes (IEs) as an alternative to conventional powder-based electrode preparation methods,for the former is highly desirable to improve the catalytic activity and long-term stability for large-scale applications of electrocatalysts.Herein,we demonstrate a laser-inducedhydrothermal reaction (lIHR) technique to grow NiMoO4nanosheets on nickel foam,which is then calcined under H2/Ar mixed gases to prepare the IE IE-NiMo-lR.This electrode exhibits superior hydrogen evolution reaction performance,requiring overpotentials of 59,116 and143 mV to achieve current densities of 100,500 and 1000 mA·cm-2.During the 350 h chronopotentiometry test at current densities of 100 and 500 m A·cm-2,the overpotentialremains essentially unchanged.In addition,NiFe-layered double hydroxide grown on Ni foam is also fabricated with the same lIHR method and coupled with IE-NiMo-IR to achieve water splitting.This combination exhibits excellent durability under industrial current density.The energy consumption and production efficiency of the lIHR method are systematicallycompared with the conventional hydrothermal method.The lIHR method significantly improves the production rate by over 19 times,while consuming only 27.78%of the total energy required by conventional hydrothermal methods to achieve the same production.

关键词： electrocatalytic electrode laser-induced hydrothermal reaction NiFe layered double hydroxides hydrogen evolution reaction water splitting energy consumption production rate

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Hybrid ionic/electronic interphase enabling uniform nucleation and fast diffusion kinetics for stable lithium metal anode

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Chinese Chemical letters 2024年第2期35卷 626-633页

作者： lun li Pengxia Ji Meng Huang Zixin Zhang Hong Wang francis Verpoort Jinlong Yang Daping He State key laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology Sanya 572000China Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China State key laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

lithium(li)dendrite issue,which is usually caused by inhomogeneous li nucleation and fragile solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),impedes the further development of high-energy li metal batteries.However,the integrated construction of a high-stable SEI layer that can regulate uniform nucleation and facilitate fast li-ion diffusion kinetics for li metal anode still falls short.Herein,we designed an artificial SEI with hybrid ionic/electronic interphase to regulate li deposition by in-situ constructing metal Co clusters embedded in liF matrix.The generated Co and liF both enable fast li-ion diffusion kinetics,meanwhile,the lithiophilic properties of Co clusters can serve as li-ion nucleation sites,thereby contributing to uniform li nucleation and non-dendritic growth.As a result,a dendrite-free li deposition with a low overpotential(16.1 mV)is achieved,which enables an extended lifespan over 750 h under strict conditions.The full cells with high-mass-loading liFePO_(4)(11.5 mg/cm^(2))as cathodes exhibit a remarkable rate capacity of 84.1 mAh/g at 5 C and an improved cycling performance with a capacity retention of 96.4%after undergoing 180 cycles.

关键词： lithium metal anode Hybrid ionic/electronic interphase Solid electrolyte interphase Fast diffusion kinetics Dendritic growth of lithium

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