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A study on wildfire impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and regional air quality in South of Orléans,france

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue Gisèle Krysztofiak Yangang Ren Min Cai Patrick Mercier fréd.ric le fur Corinne Robin Benoit Grosselin Véronique daele Max RMcGillen Yujing Mu Valéry Catoire Abdelwahid Mellouki Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace(LPC2E) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France Institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Lig’Air-Association de surveillance de la qualitéde l’air en région Centre-Val de Loire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed V University RabatMorocco

Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global *** September 2020,a small wildfire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(Loiret-Cher,Sologne,france),and its plume spread out over 200 km on the following day as observed by the MOdIS *** on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire location)in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis,young wildfire plumes were *** increases in gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particles(including black carbon)were found within the wildfire plumes,leading to a reduced air *** factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous *** in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sulfate,nitrate,chloride,and nitrite in the particle-and gasphase)and aerosol properties(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quantified and ***,we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission *** biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and *** instance,we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire while other inventories(GFEd and FINN)showed significant *** that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region,related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed.

关键词： Wildfire Air quality Emission factor Emission inventory VOLTAIRE supersite

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Microscopic Magnetism of Nickel-Based Infinite-Layer Superconducting Parent Compounds RNiO_(2)(R=La,Nd):AμSR Study

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Chinese Physics letters 2024年第9期41卷 133-139页

作者： Qiong Wu Ying Fu le Wang Xuefeng Zhou Shanmin Wang Zihao Zhu Kaiwen Chen Chengyu Jiang Toni Shiroka Adrian d.Hillier Jia-Wei Mei lei Shu State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Department of PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Laboratory for Muon-Spin Spectroscopy Paul Scherrer InstituteCH-5232 Villigen PSISwitzerland Laboratorium fur Festkorperphysik ETH ZurichCH-8093 ZurichSwitzerland ISIS Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonDidcotOxfordshireOX110QXUnited Kingdom Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315China

By using muon spin relaxation(μSR)measurements,we perform a comparative study of the microscopic magnetism in the parent compounds of infinite-layer nickelate superconductors RNiO_(2)(R=La,Nd).In either compound,the zero-fieldμSR spectra down to the lowest measured temperature reveal no long-range magnetic *** LaNiO_(2),short-range spin correlations appear below T=150 K,and spins fully freeze below T∼10 ***_(2)exhibits a more complex spin dynamics driven by the Nd 4𝑓and Ni3d electron spin ***,it shows features suggesting the proximity to a spin-glass state occurring below T=5 *** both compounds,the spin behavior with temperature is further confirmed by longitudinal-fieldμSR *** results provide new insight into the magnetism of the parent compounds of the superconducting nickelates,crucial to understanding the microscopic origin of their superconductivity.

关键词： order. nickel relaxation

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Supervised learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing Rate Formulas for determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第3期14卷 346-368页

作者： Armand Ndedy Bile Alain Mpouam Benoit Fouadjio Lorette Guedeu Kambale Muhesi Steve Tassiamba Paulette Kouam Eric Wete Marius Ela Michèle Yimga Joseph Ambara Louis Aimé Fono Jean Lagarde Betti department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon department of Wood and Forest Sciences ISABEE University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon department of Water and Forests Higher Institute of Agronomic Veterinary and Forestry Studies of Butembo Butembo Democratic Republic of Congo department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon department of Biology and Plant Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon deutsche Gresellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) Bertoua Cameroon department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science The University of Douala Douala Cameroon

The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. Results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.

关键词： Prunus africana Prostate Quota Mass Model Sustainable Management

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Hot deformation behavior of EA4T steel

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2012年第5期25卷 374-382页

作者： Gang XU Lina WANG Shiqi LI le WANG School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083 China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China

The compressive deformation behavior of EA4T steel was investigated at tempera- tures ranging from 950 to 1150℃ and strain rates from 0.1 to 20 s-1 on Gleeble-1500 thermo-simulation machine. The work hardening rate versus stress curves were used to determine the characteristic points of flow curves. The application of constitutive equations to determine the hot working constants of this material was discussed. fur- thermore, the effect of Zener-Hollomon parameter （Z） on the characteristic points of flow curves was studied using the power law relation. The deformation activation energy of this steel was determined as 309.5 kJ/mol. Some behaviors were compared to other steels.

关键词： EA4T steel Constitutive equations Activation energy Workhardening rate

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Numerical studies of the Kelvin-Hemholtz instability in a coronal jet

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第4期18卷 91-104页

作者： Tian-le Zhao lei Ni Jun Lin Udo Ziegler Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650216 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Center for Astronomical Mega-Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China leibniz-Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam Potsdam D-14482 Germany

Kelvin-Hemholtz（K-H）instability in a coronal EUV jet is studied via 2.5d MHd numerical *** jet results from magnetic reconnection due to the interaction of the newly emerging magnetic field and the pre-existing magnetic field in the *** results show that the Alfv e′n Mach number along the jet is about 5–14 just before the instability occurs,and it is even higher than 14 at some local *** the K-H instability process,several vortex-like plasma blobs with high temperature and high density appear along the jet,and magnetic fields have also been rolled up and the magnetic configuration including anti-parallel magnetic fields forms,which leads to magnetic reconnection at many X-points and current sheet fragments inside the vortex-like *** magnetic islands appear inside the main current sheet,the total kinetic energy of the reconnection outflows decreases,and cannot support the formation of the vortex-like blob along the jet any longer,then the K-H instability eventually *** also present the results about how the guide field and flux emerging speed affect the K-H *** find that a strong guide field inhibits shock formation in the reconnecting upward outflow regions but helps secondary magnetic islands appear earlier in the main current sheet,and then apparently suppresses the K-H *** the speed of the emerging magnetic field decreases,the K-H instability appears later,the highest temperature inside the vortex blob gets lower and the vortex structure gets smaller.

关键词： Sun corona jet — Kelvin-Hemholtz instability — guide-field — method numerical simulations

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dissolution-regrowth synthesis of SiO_2 nanoplates and embedment into two carbon shells for enhanced lithium-ion storage

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第7期26卷 1522-1527页

作者： Zhijun Yan Xiangcun Li Xiaobin Jiang le Zhang Yan dai Gaohong He State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Chemical Engineering Department Dalian University of Technology

In this work, SiO2 nanoplates with opened macroporous structure on carbon layer （C-mSiO2） have been obtained by dissolving and subsequent ingrowing the outer solid SiO2 layer of the aerosol-based C-SiO2 double-shell hollow spheres. Subsequently, triple-shell C-mSiO2-C hollow spheres were successfully prepared after coating the C- mSiO2 templates by the carbon layer from the carbonization of sucrose. When being applied as the anode material fur lithium-ion batteries, the C-mSiO2-C triple-shell hollow spheres deliver a high capacity of 501 mA. h.g- 1 after 100 cycles at 500 mA.g-1 （based on the total mass of silica and the two carbon shells）, which is higher than those of C-mSiO2 （391 mA.h.g 1） spheres with an outer porous SiO2 layer, C-SiO2-C （370 mA-h.g-1） hollow spheres with a middle solid Si02 layer, and C-SiO2 （319.8 mA·h-g-1） spheres with an outer solid SiO2 layer. In addition, the battery still delivers a high capacity of 403 mA· h· g- 1 at a current density of 1000 mA· g- 1 after 400 cycles. The good electrochemical performance can be attributed to the high surface area （246.7 m2·g- 1 ） and pore volume （0.441 cm3· g-1） of the anode materials, as well as the unique structure of the outer and inner carbon layer which not only enhances electrical conductivity, structural stability, but buffers volume change of the intermediate SiO2 layer during repeated charge-discharge processes. furthermore, the SiO2 nanoplates with opened macroporous structure facilitate the electrolyte transport and electrochemical reaction.

关键词： Silica nanoplates Carbon shell Macroporous Lithium-ion battery

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脑震宁颗粒对三重脑震荡模型大鼠额颞叶皮质区线粒体生物合成的影响

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中国实验方剂学杂志 2024年第14期30卷 107-113页

作者：魏楠楠武立雅王恬恬刘骐肇张唯依王永辉高丽赵乐山西中医药大学山西晋中030619

目的:基于线粒体能量代谢,从生物合成角度探究脑震宁颗粒对脑震荡后综合征模型大鼠的记忆功能和神经元的影响。方法:SPF级Wistar大鼠,采用自由落体撞击法构建三重脑震荡模型(MCC),依据模型评价标准将造模成功大鼠分为模型组,吡拉西坦组(... 详细信息

目的:基于线粒体能量代谢,从生物合成角度探究脑震宁颗粒对脑震荡后综合征模型大鼠的记忆功能和神经元的影响。方法:SPF级Wistar大鼠,采用自由落体撞击法构建三重脑震荡模型(MCC),依据模型评价标准将造模成功大鼠分为模型组,吡拉西坦组(0.324 g·kg^(-1)),脑震宁低、中、高剂量组(2.25、4.5、9 g·kg^(-1)),另设正常组,按剂量进行灌胃治疗,正常组和模型组给予等体积生理盐水,每天1次,连续14 d。观察大鼠给药前后的一般状态;采用旷场实验和新物体识别实验检测大鼠的运动和记忆能力;采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠皮层组织神经元的病理改变;采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测大鼠组织过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ-共激活因子-1α(PGC-1α)、核呼吸因子1(NRF-1)、线粒体转录因子(TFAM)的蛋白和mRNA表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠精神焦虑狂躁,被毛萎黄脏乱,摄食量减少;旷场实验中模型大鼠的运动总路程、中央格进入次数和直立次数显著降低(P<0.01),静止时间显著升高(P<0.01);新物体识别指数显著下降(P<0.01);皮层组织神经元数量减少,分布稀疏,核仁畸形、破裂,形态不规则;皮层组织PGC-1α、NRF-1、TFAM的蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.01);皮层组织PGC-1α、NRF-1、TFAM的mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,吡拉西坦组和脑震宁各剂量组大鼠精神状态和被毛颜色改善,食欲增加,活动逐渐正常;旷场实验中大鼠的运动总路程、中央格进入次数和直立次数明显增高(P<0.05,P<0.01),静止时间明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);新物体识别指数明显上升(P<0.05,P<0.01);皮层组织神经元数量增多,排列较为紧密,核大而圆,部分细胞形态不规则,胞浆浑浊;吡拉西坦组和脑震宁中剂量组皮层组织PGC-1α、NRF-1和TFAM蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01),脑震宁低剂量组大鼠皮层组织NRF-1和TFAM蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01),脑震宁高剂量组大鼠皮层组织PGC-1α和TFAM蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01);吡拉西坦组和脑震宁各剂量组皮层组织PGC-1α、NRF-1、TFAM mRNA表达水平明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:脑震宁颗粒可以改善MCC大鼠的运动探索和记忆学习状况,修复神经元损伤,保护神经功能,其作用机制可能与促进大脑皮层神经元的线粒体生物合成有关。

关键词：脑震荡后综合征线粒体能量代谢生物合成脑震宁颗粒皮层

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Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： Weipeng Yao Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia N.Chen Emmanuel d’Humières Laurent Gremillet Robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny Paul McKenna Mark N.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle Gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald Willi Julien Fuchs LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance INRS-EMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

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Molecular analysis of the sex chromosomes of the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus: Towards the identification of a new type of master sexual regulator in vertebrates

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第3期4卷 277-284页

作者： ASTRId BONE Christina SCHULTHEIS delphine GALIANA-ARNOUX Alexander frOSCHAUER Qingchun ZHOU Cornelia SCHMIdT Yvonne SELZ Catherine OZOUF-COSTAZ Agnès dETTAI Béatrice SEGURENS Arnaud COULOUX Sylvie BERNARd-SAMAIN Valérie BARBE Stefan CHILMONCZYK fréd.ric BRUNET Amandine dARRAS TOMASZKIEWICZ Marta Marie SEMON Manfred SCHARTL Jean-Nicolas VOLFF Institute of Functional Genomics Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon/Universitéde LyonLyonFrance Physiological Chemistry 1 Biozentrum of the University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany department of Systematics and Evolution Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleParisFrance CEA/dSV/IG/Genoscope EvryFrance Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit National Institute for Agricultural ResearchJouy-en-JosasFrance

In contrast to mammals and birds,fish display an amazing diversity of genetic sex determination systems,with frequent changes during evolution possibly associated with the emergence of new sex chromosomes and sex-determining *** better understand the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms driving this diversity,several fish models are studied in *** the medaka(Oryzias latipes Temminck and Schlegel,1846)for which the master sex-determination gene has been identified,one of the most advanced models for studying sex determination is the Southern platyfish(Xiphophorus maculatus,Günther 1966).Xiphophorus maculatus belongs to the Poeciliids,a family of live-bearing freshwater fish,including platyfish,swordtails and guppies that perfectly illustrates the diversity of genetic sex-determination mechanisms observed in *** ***,bacterial artificial chro-mosome contigs covering the sex-determination region of the X and Y sex chromosomes have been *** molecular analysis demonstrated that the sex-determination region is very unstable and frequently undergoes duplications,deletions,inversions and other *** gene candidates linked to the master sex-determining gene have been identified,some of them corresponding to *** putative genes are present on both the X and the Y chromosomes,suggesting a poor degree of differentiation and a young evolutionary age for platyfish sex *** compared with other fish and tetrapod genomes,syntenies were detected only with *** observation supports an independent origin of sex chromosomes,not only in different vertebrate lineages but also between different fish species.

关键词： sex chromosomes sex determination fish poeciliid Xiphophorus.

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Standardized quantitative measurements of wrist cartilage in healthy humans using 3T magnetic resonance imaging

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第8期6卷 641-648页

作者： Jean-Vincent Zink Philippe Souteyrand Sandrine Guis Christophe Chagnaud Yann le fur daniela Militianu Jean-Pierre Mattei Michael Rozenbaum Itzhak Rosner Maxime Guye Monique Bernard david Bendahan department of Radiology Conception Hospital Aix-Marseille University department of Rheumatology Ste marguerite Hospital Aix-Marseille University Faculté de Médecine de Marseille Aix-Marseille Université - CRMBM-CNRS 13005 Marseille France department of Medical Imaging Rambam - Health Care Campus Haifa 35254 Israel department of Rheum-atology Bnai Zion Medical Center Technion Haifa 31048 Israel Aix-Marseille Université - CEMEREM-CNRS AP-HM Pole Imagerie 13005 Marseille France

AIM: To quantify the wrist cartilage cross-sectional area in humans from a 3d magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) dataset and to assess the corresponding reproducibility. METHOdS: The study was conducted in 14 healthy volunteers(6 females and 8 males) between 30 and 58 years old and devoid of articular pain. Subjectswere asked to lie down in the supine position with the right hand positioned above the pelvic region on top of a home-built rigid platform attached to the scanner bed. The wrist was wrapped with a flexible surface coil. MRI investigations were performed at 3T(Verio-Siemens) using volume interpolated breath hold examination(VIBE) and dual echo steady state(dESS) MRI sequences. Cartilage cross sectional area(CSA) was measured on a slice of interest selected from a 3d dataset of the entire carpus and metacarpalphalangeal areas on the basis of anatomical criteria using conventional image processing radiology software. Cartilage cross-sectional areas between opposite bones in the carpal region were manually selected and quantified using a thresholding ***: Cartilage CSA measurements performed on a selected predefined slice were 292.4 ± 39 mm2 using the VIBE sequence and slightly lower, 270.4 ± 50.6 mm2, with the dESS sequence. The inter(14.1%) and intra(2.4%) subject variability was similar for both MRI methods. The coefficients of variation computed for the repeated measurements were also comparable for the VIBE(2.4%) and the dESS(4.8%) sequences. The carpus length averaged over the group was 37.5 ± 2.8 mm with a 7.45% between-subjects coefficient of variation. Of note, wrist cartilage CSA measured with either the VIBE or the dESS sequences was linearly related to the carpal bone length. The variability between subjects was significantly reduced to 8.4% when the CSA was normalized with respect to the carpal bone ***: The ratio between wrist cartilage CSA and carpal bone length is a highly reproducible standardized measurement which norma

关键词： Cartilage Magnetic resonance imaging Wrist Quantification

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