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Single-lens dynamic z-scanning for simultaneous in situ position detection and laser processing focus control

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第12期12卷 2655-2667页

作者： Xiaohan Du Camilo florian Craig b.Arnold Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA Department of Systems Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institut für Werkstofftechnik Universität Kassel34125 KasselGermany Princeton Materials Institute Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08544USA

Existing auto-focusing methods in laser processing typically include two independent modules,one for surface detection and another for z-axis *** latter is mostly implemented by mechanical z stage motion,which is up to three orders of magnitude slower than the lateral processing *** alleviate this processing bottleneck,we developed a single-lens approach,using only one high-speed z-scanning optical element,to accomplish both in situ surface detection and focus control quasi-simultaneously in a dual-beam *** probing beam scans the surface along the z-axis continuously,and its reflection is detected by a set of confocal *** on the temporal response of the detected signal,we have developed and experimentally demonstrated a dynamic surface detection method at 140-350 kHz,with a controlled detection range,high repeatability,and minimum linearity error of 1.10%.Sequentially,by synchronizing at a corresponding oscillation phase of the z-scanning lens,the fabrication beam is directed to the probed z position for precise focus ***,our approach provides instantaneous surface tracking by collecting position information and executing focal control both at 140-350 kHz,which significantly accelerates the axial alignment process and offers great potential for enhancing the speed of advanced manufacturing processes in three-dimensional space.

关键词： dynamic beam simultaneous

Mouse models of colorectal cancer: Past, present and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第13期26卷 1394-1426页

作者： florian bürtin Christina S Mullins Michael Linnebacher Department of General VisceralVascular and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Medical Center RostockUniversity of RostockRostock 18057Germany Department of Thoracic Surgery University Medical Center RostockUniversity of RostockRostock 18057Germany Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy Department of GeneralVisceralVascular and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Medical Center RostockRostock 18057Germany

Colorectal cancer(CrC)is the third most common diagnosed malignancy among both sexes in the United States as well as in the European *** the incidence and mortality rates in western,high developed countries are declining,reflecting the success of screening programs and improved treatment regimen,a rise of the overall global CrC burden can be observed due to lifestyle changes paralleling an increasing human development *** a growing insight into the biology of CrC and many therapeutic improvements in the recent decades,preclinical in vivo models are still indispensable for the development of new treatment *** the development of carcinogen-induced rodent models for CrC more than 80 years ago,a plethora of animal models has been established to study colon cancer *** tenuous invasiveness and metastatic behavior,these models are useful for chemoprevention studies and to evaluate colitis-related *** engineered mouse models(GEMM)mirror the pathogenesis of sporadic as well as inherited CrC depending on the specific molecular pathways activated or *** the vast majority of CrC GEMM lack invasiveness,metastasis and tumor heterogeneity,they still have proven useful for examination of the tumor microenvironment as well as systemic immune responses;thus,supporting development of new therapeutic *** of metastatic disease by orthotopic injection of CrC cell lines is possible,but the so generated models lack genetic diversity and the number of suited cell lines is very ***-derived xenografts,in contrast,maintain the pathological and molecular characteristics of the individual patient's CrC after subcutaneous implantation into immunodeficient mice and are therefore most reliable for preclinical drug development–even in comparison to GEMM or cell line-based ***,subcutaneous patient-derived xenograft models are less suitable for studying most aspects of the tumor micr

关键词： Colorectal cancer Mouse models Patient-derived xenografts Carcinogen-induced models Genetically engineered mouse models Preclinical drug development

Modeling public holidays in load forecasting: a German case study

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第2期6卷 191-207页

作者： florian ZIEL Fakultat fur Wirtschaftswissenschaften insb.Okonomik erneuerbarer EnergienUniversitat Duisburg-Essen

We address the issue of public or bank holidays in electricity load modeling and forecasting. Special characteristics of public holidays such as their classification into fixed-date and weekday holidays are discussed in detail. We present state-of-the-art techniques to deal with public holidays such as removing them from the data set,treating them as Sunday dummy or introducing separate holiday dummies. We analyze pros and cons of these approaches and provide a large load forecasting study for Germany that compares the techniques using standard performance and significance measures. Finally, we give general recommendations for the treatment of public holidays in energy forecasting to suggest how the drawbacks particular to most of the state-of-the-art methods can be mitigated. This is especially useful, as the incorporation of holiday effects can improve the forecasting accuracy during public holidays periods by more than 80%, but even for non-holidays periods, the forecasting error can be reduced by approximately 10%.

关键词： Public holidays bank holidays Special day effects Forecasting Electricity load Holiday dummy

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Investigation of impact of DC component on breakdown characteristics for different electric fields under composite AC&DC voltage

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High Voltage 2022年第2期7卷 279-287页

作者： Mehmet Murat Ispirli Özcan Kalenderli florian Seifert Michael rock bülent Oral Group for Lightning and Surge Protection Technische Universität IlmenauIlmenauGermany Electrical Engineering Department Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey research Unit High‐Voltage Technologies Technische Universität IlmenauIlmenauGermany Electrical‐Electronic Engineering Department Marmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The valve side of the converter in the high‐voltage direct current is subjected to mixed voltages such as composite AC&DC *** this study,the effects of the homo-geneity of electric field on breakdown voltage were investigated for different�DC component amplitudes of the composite *** field efficiency factor was calcu-lated using mean and maximum field strengths for all of *** of breakdown voltage of air was examined under the composite AC&DC voltage for different ratios�*** one result of the study,the breakdown occurs at the positive half‐wave of the AC voltage despite−DC voltage being applied due to positive corona discharge *** breakdown point is named as the polarity change *** breakdown voltage increases with the decrease of DC voltage component up to polarity change point in non‐uniform electric *** less uniform electric field,the AC breakdown voltage was measured slightly higher than the DC breakdown *** less uniform electric field,as the ratio of the applied AC voltage to DC voltage increases,the breakdown voltage gradually approaches the AC breakdown *** result is similar to the result ob-tained for the+DC component in non‐uniform electric field experiments.

关键词： breakdown composite component

Using the DEM-CFD method to predict brownian particle deposition in a constricted tube

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Particuology 2014年第4期12卷 94-106页

作者： florian Chaumeil Martin Crapper School of Engineering The University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3JLUnited Kingdom

Modelling of the agglomeration and deposition on a constricted tube collector of colloidal size particles immersed in a liquid is investigated using the discrete element method （DEM）. The ability of this method to represent surface interactions allows the simulation of agglomeration and deposition at the particle scale. The numerical model adopts a mechanistic approach to represent the forces involved in colloidal suspensions by including near-wall drag retardation, surface interaction and brownian forces. The model is implemented using the commercially available DEM package EDEM 2.3~, so that results can be repli- cated in a standard and user-friendly framework. The effects of various particle-to-collector size ratios, inlet fluid flow-rates and particle concentrations are examined and it is found that deposition efficiency is strongly dependent on the inter-relation of these parameters. Particle deposition and re-suspension mechanisms have been identified and analyzed thanks to EDEM＇s post processing capability. One-way coupling with computational fluid dynamics （CFD） is considered and results are compared with a two- way coupling between EDEM 2.3 and FLUENT 12.1. It is found that two-way coupling requires circa 500% more time than one-way coupling for similar results.

关键词： Discrete element method DEM Colloids Agglomeration Deposition Simulation

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Analysis of stresses at the center of transversely isotropic brazilian disk

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Journal of rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第3期15卷 618-629页

作者： Ali Aminzadeh florian Amann Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Chair of Engineering Geology RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany

This article presents the stresses at the center of a brazilian disk(bD)for transversely isotropic *** is shown that the solution of stresses at the center of an anisotropic disk is a function of the disk radius and the magnitude of applied load,as well as the material orientation with respect to the load axis and two dimensionless ratios with specific physical meanings and *** two dimensionless parameters are the ratios of Young’s modulus and apparent shear modulus,although the ratio of apparent shear modulus will be eliminated if the Saint-Venant assumption is *** finite element simulations are carried out to find the stresses at the disk center concerning the material orientation and the two dimensionless ***,an approximate formula obtained from analytical results,previously proposed in the literature for solving the tensile and compressive stresses at the disk center,is re-written and simplified based on these new *** results of the approximate formula fitted to the analytical results are compared to those obtained from numerical solutions,suggesting a good agreement between the numerical and analytical *** approximate equation for the shear stress at the disk center is also formulated based on the numerical ***,the influence of the assumptions for simplification of the proposed formula for the tensile,compressive,and shear stresses at the disk center is discussed,and simple and practical equations are proposed as estimations for the stresses at the center of the bD specimen for low to moderate anisotropic *** highly anisotropic rocks,the reference plots can be used for more accuracy.

关键词： brazilian test Transverse isotropy rock anisotropy Anisotropic disk Tensile stress Shear stress

Malaria modeling: In vitro stem cells vs in vivo models

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第3期8卷 88-100页

作者： florian Noulin Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases IMRIC The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School

The recent development of stem cell research and the possibility of generating cells that can be stably and permanently modified in their genome open a broad horizon in the world of in vitro modeling. The malaria field is gaining new opportunities from this importantbreakthrough and novel tools were adapted and opened new frontiers for malaria research. In addition to the new in vitro systems, in recent years there were also significant advances in the development of new animal models that allows studying the entire cell cycle of human malaria. In this paper, we review the different protocols available to study human Plasmodium species either by using stem cell or alternative animal models.

关键词： Malaria Stem cells In vitro models Animal models Humanized mice

Optimal trajectory design accounting for the stabilization of linear time-varying error dynamics

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第7期35卷 55-66页

作者： Patrick PIPrEK Haichao HONG florian HOLZAPFEL Institute of Flight System Dynamics Technical University of MunichGarching D-85748Germany

This study is dedicated to the development of a direct optimal control-based algorithm for trajectory optimization problems that accounts for the closed-loop stability of the trajectory tracking error dynamics already during the ***,the trajectory is designed such that the Linear Time-Varying(LTV)dynamic system,describing the controller’s error dynamics,is stable,while additionally the desired optimality criterion is optimized and all enforced constraints on the trajectory are *** is achieved by means of a Lyapunov stability analysis of the LTV dynamics within the optimization problem using a time-dependent,quadratic Lyapunov function *** care is taken with regard to ensuring the correct definiteness of the ensuing matrices within the Lyapunov stability analysis,specifically considering a numerically stable formulation of these in the numerical *** developed algorithm is applied to a trajectory design problem for which the LTV system is part of the path-following error dynamics,which is required to be *** main benefit of the proposed scheme in this context is that the designed trajectory trades-off the required stability and robustness properties of the LTV dynamics with the optimality of the trajectory already at the design phase and thus,does not produce unstable optimal trajectories the system must follow in the real application.

关键词： LTV error dynamics LTV stability Optimal control-based LTV stabilization Path-following error controller Trajectory generation Trajectory optimization

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Identification of CD13,CD107a,and CD164 as novel basophil-activation markers and dissection of two response patterns in time kinetics of IgE-de-pendent upregulation

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Cell research 2005年第5期15卷 325-335页

作者： florian HENNErSDOrF,Stefan florian,Andreas JAKOb,Katharina bAUMGrTNEr,Karoline SONNECK,Alfred NOrDHEIM,Tilo bIEDErMANN,Peter VALENT,Hans-Jrg büHrING University Clinic of Tübingen Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Hematology and Immunology Tübingen Germany Medical University Clinic of Vienna Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology Vienna Austria University of Tübingen Proteome Center Tübingen Germany University Clinic of Tübingen Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Hematology and Immunology Tübingen Germany Medical University Clinic of Vienna Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology Vienna Austria University of Tübingen Proteome Center Tübingen Germany University Clinic of Tübingen Department of Dermatology Tübingen Germany Medical University Clinic of Vienna Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology Vienna Austria University Clinic of Tübingen Department of Internal Medicine II Division of Hematology and Immunology Tübingen Germany

Using two-colour flow cytometry >200 antibodies submitted to the 8th International Workshop of Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA8) have been analyzed for their reactivity with resting and activated CD203c+ basophils. Four antibodies either non-reactive or weakly reactive with resting basophils exhibited an increased reactivity with basophils activated by anti-IgE-mediated cross-linking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεrI). These include antibod- ies against CD164 (WS-80160, clone N6b6 and WS-80162, clone 67D2), as well as two reagents with previously unknown specificities that were identified as CD13 (WS-80274, clone A8) and CD107a (WS-80280, clone E63-880). The activation patterns followed either the “CD203c-like” or “CD63-like” activation profile. The CD203c profile is characterized by a rapid and significant upregulation (of CD13, CD164, and CD203c), reaching maximum levels after 5- 15 min of stimulation. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-specific inhibitor wortmannin inhibited the upregulation of these markers whereas 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced a rapid and FcεrI-independent upregulation within 1-2 min. In the CD63 profile, maximum upregulation (of CD63 and CD107a) was detected only after 20-40 min, and upregulation by TPA reached maximum levels after 60 min. In summary, our data identify CD13, CD107a, and CD164 as novel basophil-activation antigens. based on time kinetics of upregulation, we hypothesize that molecules of the “CD203c group” and the “CD63 group” are linked to two different mechanisms of basophil activation.

关键词： CD203c CD164 CD63 CD107a basophil activation basophil marker.