检索结果-南通市图书馆

Neonatal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus infection

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers in Biology 2012年第3期7卷 227-232页

作者： Zhilong JIANG Erin M. fisher Jiu JIANG Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA 19104 USA. Department of Biology Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） is the leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Efficacious vaccination has been a longstanding goal in neonates. Due to immaturity of the neonatal immune system, vaccination has shown limited success in stimulating the neonatal endogenous immune system. Advances in the understanding of neonatal immunology have resulted in renewed development of neonatal vaccination. In this article, we review recent advances in neonatal anti- RSV vaccination strategies, including active and passive vaccination approaches, with emphasis on the effect of maternal neutralizing antibody and the role of maternal antibody in neonatal immune modulations. Recent reports in a variety of antiviral vaccine animal models have shown that maternal antibody, different from conventional vaccination, plays an immune modulatory role in the newborn immune system. Active immunization of the pregnant mother and the offspring can effectively stimulate and maintain potent neonatal immune responses, including an endogenous cytotoxic response and neutralizing antibody generation. The induced newborn endogenous antiviral immunity can last up to 6 months, and effectively blunt viral replication. Immune complexes, formed from the integral binding of the maternal neutralizing antibody and viral vaccine antigen, may play an important role in the maternal antibody-mediated neonatal immune response. The underlying mechanisms and future perspectives are discussed.

关键词： respiratory syncytial virus vaccination neonates matemal antibody immune complex

Microenvironmental influences on T cell immunity in cancer and inflammation

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第3期19卷 316-326页

作者： Darren R.Heintzman Emilie L.fisher Jeffrey C.Rathmell Department of Pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37205USA Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN37205USA

T cell metabolism is dynamic and highly *** the intrinsic metabolic programs of T cell subsets are integral to their distinct differentiation and functional patterns,the ability of cells to acquire nutrients and cope with hostile microenvironments can limit these pathways.T cells must function in a wide variety of tissue settings,and how T cells interpret these signals to maintain an appropriate metabolic program for their demands or if metabolic mechanisms of immune suppression restrain immunity is an area of growing *** in inflamed and cancer tissues,a wide range of changes in physical conditions and nutrient availability are now acknowledged to shape *** include fever and increased temperatures,depletion of critical micro and macro-nutrients,and accumulation of inhibitory waste *** we review several of these factors and how the tissue microenvironment both shapes and constrains immunity.

关键词： immunometabolism T cell microenvironment cancer inflammation

Intensity of effort and momentary failure in resistance training:Are we asking a binary question for a continuous variable?

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第6期11卷 644-647页

作者： James P.fisher James Steele Dave Smith School of Sport Health and Social ScienceSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO140YNUK Research Centre for Musculoskeletal and Sports Medicine Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM156BHUK

*** There is a growing body of research supporting the idea that a plethora of health benefits can result from resistance training using a low volume,high-effort approach(e.g.,increased metabolic rate and bone mineral density,a reduction in blood pressure,and improved muscle quality and insulin sensitivity,among ***,muscular strength and muscle massprimary goals and benefits of participation in resistance trainingare independently strong predictors of longevity and quality of life. Thus,many have sought to identify how the manipulation of resistance training variables might lead to“optimal”adaptations in such outcomes,as evidenced by repeated attempts over recent decades to review the literature and provide consensus statements on this topic.5-10 One variable that is often hotly debated within resistance training is training to failure.

关键词： resistance binary continuous

Manipulation of the intestinal microbiome-a slow journey to primetime

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第21期11卷 4975-4988页

作者： Ofra Kriger-Sharabi Stephen D H Malnick David fisher Institute of Gastroenterology Assuta Medical CenterAshdod 7747629Israel Department of Internal Medicine Kaplan Medical CenterRehovot 76100Israel Department of Endocrinology Soroka Medical CenterBeer Sheva POB 151Israel

The gut microbiota has important functions in the regulation of normal body *** of the microbiota are being increasingly linked to various disease *** microbiome has been manipulated via the administration of stool from animals or humans,for more than 1000 ***,fecal microbiota transplantation can be performed via endoscopic administration of fecal matter to the duodenum or colon or via capsules of lyophilized *** recently fecal microbial transplantation has been shown to be very effective for recurrent Clostridoides difficile infection(CDI).In addition there is some evidence of efficacy in the metabolic syndrome and its hepatic manifestation,metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).We review the current literature regarding the microbiome and the pathogenesis and treatment of CDI,MAFLD,IBS and IBD.

关键词： Gut microbiota Fecal microbiota transplantation Clostridoides difficile Metabolic associated fatty liver disease Irritable bowel syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease

Pharmacological challenges in chronic pancreatitis

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7302-7307页

作者： Anne Estrup Olesen Anne Brokjaer Iben WD fisher Isabelle M Larsen Mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAalborg University Hospital9000 AalborgDenmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg University9000 AalborgDenmark Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1455 CopenhagenDenmark

Drug absorption in patients with chronic pancreatitis might be affected by the pathophysiology of the *** exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is associated with changes in gastrointestinal intraluminal pH,motility disorder,bacterial overgrowth and changed pancreatic gland *** these factors can result in malabsorption and may also affect the efficacy of pharmacological *** lifestyle of chronic pancreatitis patients may also contribute to gastrointestinal *** patients limit their food intake because of the pain caused by eating and in some cases food intake is more or less substituted with alcohol,tobacco and *** and drug interaction are known to influence the pharmacokinetics by altering either drug absorption or by affecting liver *** patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis experience severe pain,opioids are often prescribed as pain *** have intrinsic effects on gastrointestinal motility and hence can modify the absorption of other drugs taken at the same ***,the increased fluid absorption caused by opioids will decrease water available for drug dissolution and may hereby affect absorption of the *** stated above many factors can influence drug absorption and metabolism in patients with chronic *** factors may not have clinical relevance,but may explain inter-individual variations in responses to a given drug,in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

关键词： Pharmacology Absorption Metabolism Chronic pancreatitis Treatment

Multilayer network analysis:new opportunities and challenges for studying animal social systems

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 45-48页

作者： Matthew J.HASENJAGER Matthew SILk David N.fisher Department of Biological Sciences Royal HollowayUniversity of LondonEghamUK Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of ExeterExeterUK School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeenUK

Introduction Many behavioral,ecological,and evolutionary processes are closely intertwined with patterns of social interactions,such as the evolution of cooperation(Croft et al.2006),information and disease transmission(VanderWaal et al.2014;Aplin et al.2015),predator-prey dynamics(Ioannou et al.2012),and dispersal decisions(Blumstein et al.2009).Even in species where individuals are traditionally viewed as leading a relatively solitary existence,interac-tions occur across diverse contexts,including territorial defense,resource competition,and courtship.

关键词： solitary predator network

Estimation of cotton yield with varied irrigation and nitrogen treatments using aerial multispectral imagery

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第2期6卷 37-41页

作者： Yanbo Huang Ruixiu Sui Steven J.Thomson Daniel K.fisher Crop Production Systems Research Unit Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureStonevilleMS 38776USA

Cotton yield varies spatially within a *** variability can be caused by various production inputs such as soil properties,water management,and fertilizer *** multispectral imaging is capable of providing data and information to study effects of the inputs on yield qualitatively and quantitatively in a timely and cost-effective fashion.A 10-ha cotton field with irrigation and non-irrigation 2×2 blocks was used in this *** nitrogen application treatments were randomized with two replications within each *** plant canopy was closed,airborne multispectral images of the field were acquired using a 3-CCD MS4100 *** images were processed to generate various vegetation *** vegetation indices were evaluated for the best performance to characterize *** effect of irrigation on vegetation indices was *** for yield estimation were developed and verified by comparing the estimated and actual *** indicated that ratio of vegetation index(RVI)had a close relationship with yield(R^(2)=0.47).Better yield estimation could be obtained using a model with RVI and soil electrical conductivity(EC)measurements of the field as explanatory variables(R^(2)=0.53).This research demonstrates the capability of aerial multispectral remote sensing in estimating cotton yield variation and considering soil properties and nitrogen.

关键词： remote sensing multispectral imagery cotton yield nitrogen irrigation soil properties

WATERLESS URINALS:FEATURES,BENEFITS,AND APPLICATIONS

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Green Building 2006年第1期1卷 55-62页

作者： Vice-President James D.McClure David fisher McClure&Assoc. Inc.

INTRODUCTION Billions of gallons of water are used annually to flush toilets in the United *** of this usage include consumption of natural resources and construction of new infrastructure to treat and transmit potable water and ***,or no-flush urinals,may help mitigate these effects and offer other advantages,including lower utility charges,improved restroom hygiene,and decreased fixture *** notable caveats include possible lack of acceptance by users,odor control problems,and rejection by code *** urine is about 96%liquid,no additional water is really needed to wash it down the *** waterless,urinal,looking much like its conventional counterpart,takes advantage of this concept with generally positive *** paper will discuss the design,applications,operation,maintenance,advantages,and disadvantages of waterless *** results of two surveys of current users will be shared.A case study from a Texas school district will be also presented.

关键词： annually wastewater maintenance

Multi-Material ALE with AMR for Modeling Hot Plasmas and Cold Fragmenting Materials

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Plasma Science and Technology 2015年第2期17卷 117-128页

作者： Alice KONIGES Nathan MASTERS Aaron fisher David EDER Wangyi LIU Robert ANDERSON David BENSON Andrea BERTOZZI Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Jacobs School of Engineering 9500 Gilman Dr.UCSDLa JollaCA 92093USA Department of Mathematics 520 Portola PlazaUCLALos AngelesCA 90095USA

We have developed a new 3D multi-physics multi-material code, ALE-AMR, which combines Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian （ALE） hydrodynamics with Adaptive Mesh Refinement （AMR） to connect the continuum to the microstructural regimes. The code is unique in its ability to model hot radiating plasmas and cold fragmenting solids. New numerical techniques were developed for many of the physics packages to work efficiently on a dynamically moving and adapting mesh. We use interface reconstruction based on volume fractions of the material components within mixed zones and reconstruct interfaces as needed. This interface reconstruction model is also used for void coalescence and fragmentation. A flexible strength/failure framework allows for pluggable material models, which may require material history arrays to determine the level of accumulated damage or the evolving yield stress in J2 plasticity models. For some applications laser rays are propagating through a virtual composite mesh consisting of the finest resolution representation of the modeled space. A new 2nd order accurate diffusion solver has been implemented for the thermal conduction and radiation transport packages. One application area is the modeling of laser/target effects including debris/shrapnel generation. Other application areas include warm dense matter, EUV lithography, and material wall interactions for fusion devices.

关键词： multi-physics simulations arbitrary lagrangian eulerian hydrodynamics,adaptive mesh refinement fragmentation laser ray tracing NIF