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Effects of Effluent from a Dumpsite on the Physicochemical Properties of River Achichum in Bamendakwe, Northwest Cameroon

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第9期15卷 934-947页

作者： Mofor Nelson Alakeh Keuwo Tiayong Francois Nchofua festus Biosengazeh Mikwa Cyprian Chunkang Njoyim Estella Buleng Tamungang Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture National Higher Polytechnic Institute (NAHPI) The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Chemistry Higher Teacher Training College The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Research Unit of Noxious Chemistry and Environmental Engineering (RUNOCHEE) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Clean Water Institute Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of STEM Calvin University Grand Rapids Michigan USA

This study was aimed to assess the effects of effluent from a dumpsite on the physicochemical properties of river Achichum in Bamendakwe in the Bamenda I municipality, Northwest Region of Cameroon. The quality of water used for domestic purposes by the population of this area is mostly appreciated through its organoleptic assessment while no attention is paid to the physicochemical and microbiological properties. Samples (upstream, effluent, and downstream) were collected in the months of September 2022 and February 2023 and examined for organoleptic, physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics using standard methods. The river was contaminated to different extents by nitrates (28.56 - 149.91 mg/L), sulphates (246.89 - 725.42 mg/L) and heavy metals (0.01 - 0.04 mg/L for lead and 0.98 - 2.15 mg/L for aluminum). This contamination could be due to an inflow of the untreated effluent into the river. The river contained a high pollution level of lead and aluminum. Bacteriological investigations revealed that all the analyzed samples from the river contained indicators of faecal pollution such as Enterobacteria spp., E. coli, Streptococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Vibrio spp. Consequently, its utilization exposes consumers to health risks. Thus, water from the river should be treated prior to consumption.

关键词： Effluent Upstream Downstream Water Quality Faecal Contamination Bamendakwe

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Chemical speciation,bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic metals in soils around petroleum product marketing company as environmental degradation indicators

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Petroleum Research 2022年第2期7卷 286-296页

作者： festus M.Adebiyi Dayo A.Ayeni Dangote Oil Refinery Company Ltd. 1Alfred Rewane RoadFalomoIkoyiLagosNigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria

The study aims at investigating chemical speciation,bioavailability and risk assessment of some selected metals in soils around refined petroleum depot using the concentrations of the metals as variables to ascertain the impacts of the activities within the petroleum ***-soils(0e15 cm)were collected from within the premises of Pipelines and Product Marketing Company,Ibadan,Nigeria,while control samples were collected at 200 m away from the study *** conductivity and pH were measured using a calibrated dual purpose meter,while elemental analysis was done using Atomic absorption spectroscopy analytical *** results showed that the soils exhibited low ecological risk;minor enrichment for Mn,moderately severe enrichment for Ni and Co,severe enrichment for Cr and extremely severe enrichment for Pb,Zn and *** was low contamination factor for Pb,Ni,Mn,Cr,Co,and Fe and moderate contamination by Zn and ***-accumulation index results indicated unpolluted with Ni,Mn,Cr,Co,and Fe,unpolluted to moderately polluted with Pb and Zn and moderately to strongly polluted with ***-element clustering results indicated chemical affinity and/or similar genetic origin among the *** analysis suggested that Fe,Co,Cr,Cd,and Ni occurred in the residual fraction;Pb,and Zn in the carbonate fraction,while Mn have its highest percentage in the Fe eMn oxides *** mobility and bioavailability showed that most of the metals are immobile and *** concluded that the oil-impacted soils were contaminated with most of the metals,but with low ecological risk.

关键词： Atomic absorption spectrometry Chemical speciation Metals Refined petroleum product Risk assessment Soil

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Thermodynamic study of the removal of heavy metal ions from heavy oils using tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate ionic liquid

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Petroleum Research 2022年第4期7卷 545-550页

作者： festus M.Adebiyi Reuben O.Yoade Dangote Oil Refinery Company Ltd. 1Alfred Rewane RoadFalomoIkoyiLagosNigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria

This study investigated efficiency of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate(TMAH)in removal of heavy metal ions from heavy oils obtained from Nigerian oil sands by Soxhlet-extraction *** were removed from the heavy oils at variable temperatures using *** analysis was done using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS).Percentage recovery was≥92.85%,confirming reliability of *** metal concentrations followed order:Ni>Pb>Mn>Cu>Cr>*** of variance results showed that Fwere negative,confirming exothermic ***,negative△DS°values indicated decreased randomness at solid/liquid interface during the extraction.△DG°negative values indicated feasible and spontaneous ***,the distribution of metals in the analyzed heavy oils followed similar trend,due to similarity in their geological activity,source rock type,maturation and depositional *** parameters values showed the extraction process was exothermic,feasible and spontaneous thus,proving metal extraction using TMAH to be efficient.

关键词： AAS Heavy oil Metal Thermodynamics parameters TMAH

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Studies on the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and fractions of Alchornea floribunda leaves

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第3期2卷 7-14页

作者： festus BC Okoye Patience O.Osadebe Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka410001Enugu StateNigeria

Objective:Alchornea floribunda leaves are widely used in ethnomedicinal management of inflammatory disorders. The present work is aimed at investigating this folkloric ***:The anti-inflammatory effect of the leaf extracts and fractions was investigated in experimental animal models of acute and chronic inflammation. The possible mechanisms by which the two most active fractions,hexane(HE) and ethyl acetate(EF) exert their effects were also ***:The crude extract(200 mg/kg) showed moderate inhibition of egg albumen-induced edema in rats(%edema inhibition = 54.69) at 4 *** and EF showed very high activity(%edema inhibition of 81.25 and 67.19 respectively at 200 mg/kg) at 4h as compared to the control. Both fractions ameliorated arthritis induced by formaldehyde in *** 400 mg/kg,HE evofeed a significant irritation of gastric mucosa in ***(200 mg/kg,p.o.) significantly inhibited leucocytes(%inhibition = 36.79) migration in vivo,but could not stabilize heat and hypotonicity-indueed lysis of human erythrocyte at 200 and 400μg/mL in *** investigation revealed the presence of terpenoids and steroids in HE and flavonoids,tannins and saponins in ***:These results suggest that the leaves of Alchornea floribunda possess anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic *** activity may derive from a combination of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and leucocytes *** phytochemical constituents detected in HE and EF may account for the anti-inflammatory activity.

关键词： Alchornea floribunda Anti-inflammatory Arthritis Leucocytes migration Membrane stabilization Plant extracts

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Profiling the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques on the physicochemical attributes of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins

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Oil Crop Science 2023年第1期8卷 16-26页

作者： Ngozi Maryann Nebolisa Chukwuebuka Emmanuel Umeyor Uchenna Eunice Ekpunobi Immaculeta Chikamnele Umeyor festus Basden Okoye Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery Research Group Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Physical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria c Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka422001Anambra StateNigeria

There is a constant search for biomaterials from natural products like plants for food and industrial *** work embodied in this report aimed at investigating the effects of microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction(MAE and SE) techniques on the functional physicochemical quality characteristics of Moringa oleifera seed oil and proteins extracts. M. oleifera seeds were ground to fine powders and oil was extracted by microwave-assisted and soxhlet extraction techniques using petroleum ether. Quality attributes including yield percent, moisture content,iodine, saponification, specific gravity, viscosity, p H, thiobarbituric acid, acid and peroxide values were measured. Mineral and vitamin contents, chemical/functional groups, fatty acid(FA) composition, and reducing power of the oil were evaluated. Metabolomics of protein extracted from the defatted powders were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). M. oleifera oil from MAE and SE methods had good yield(34.25 ± 0.0%,28.75 ± 0.0%), low moisture content(0.008 ± 0.0%, 0.011 ± 0.0%), non-drying and unsaturated, moderately saponified, less dense(0.91 ± 0.01, 0.92 ± 0.02 g m L^(-1)), had Newtonian flow, were weakly acidic, showed good content of FAs, recorded strong potential for long shelf-life, showed stability against oxidative rancidity and enzymatic hydrolysis, had very rich deposits of micro-and macro-nutrients as well as water-soluble and lipidsoluble vitamins, and functional groups in the oil were reflective of its content of long-and medium-chain triglycerides(LCT and MCT). Monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids(MUFA and SFA) were detected and the oil has excellent ferric ion reducing power. NMR metabolomic assay revealed the presence of nine essential amino acids(EAAs) in the protein extract. MAE technique is a feasible and acceptable alternative for high throughput extraction of M. oleifera oil with high yield and excellent quality attributes. The study revealed that MAE did not impart any r

关键词： Moringa oleifera seed Oil Microwave-assisted extraction Soxhlet extraction Quality attributes GC-MS assay Metabolomics Reducing power

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Calcium and phosphorus contents of body parts of some domestic animals used as meat source in Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第5期3卷 395-398页

作者： Edith U Ebeledike Godwin IC Nwokedi Okechukwu O Ndu festus BC Okoye Izuchukwu S Ochiogu Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Physical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Nigeria Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Nigeria

Objective:To investigate the calcium and phosphorus contents of four domestic animals used as sources of meat in ***:The calcium contents of the body parts of the animals were determined using atomic absorption *** phosphorus contents were determined colorimetrically using the molybdenum blue ***:The calcium and phosphorus contents were significantly higher in the bone samples than in the other animal parts investigated (Pwere higher in chicken than in the other *** calcium and phosphorus contents were detected in the faeces of chicken and goat, and that of cattle and goat,*** calcium and phosphorus contents were detected in the urine ***:phosphorus ratios calculated for the bones of chicken,cattle and goat were ***:In conclusion,calcium and phosphorus contents of the animal parts vary significantly and their relative contents may be related to the animal’s *** parts may be the preferred dietary source of these *** study highlights the need for routine investigation of the mineral contents of food,which is necessary for proper nutritional guidelines.

关键词： Calcium Phosphorus Domestic animals Atomic absorption spectrometer

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Effect of Alligator Pepper on Litter Weight of Rats Fed on High Glycemic Index Diet

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 793-800页

作者： Ute Inegbenebor festus Eghomwanre Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma Nigeria

This study was carried out to find out if alligator pepper can prevent the development of fetal macrosomia in Sprague-Dawley rats fed with high glycemic index diet. Fifteen adult female Sprague-Dawley rats of proven fertility were acclimatized for a period of two weeks in a well-ventilated laboratory and fed with grower’s mash and water ad libitum. Thereafter, they were randomly placed in separate cages after which a male Sprague-Dawley rat of proven fertility was introduced into each of the cages containing the female rats. They were left in the cages for three days during, which mating was confirmed to have occurred. The male rats were then withdrawn from the female rats, which were placed in separate maternity cages. The female rats were randomly allocated to three groups A, B and C so there were 5 pregnant rats in each group. The rats in group A were fed with 50 g of grower’s mash daily while the rats in groups B and C were fed with 50 g of cooked fermented cassava respectively. All rats were given water ad libitum throughout the duration of the experiment. The rats in groups A and B were intraperitoneally injected with 13.3 ml per Kg body weight of distilled water while the rats in group C were intraperitoneally injected with 13.3 mg/Kg body weight of aqueous extract of alligator pepper respectively. They were observed for 18 - 25 days. The litters of the rats in group B had a significantly higher mean weight than the rats in group A while the litters of the rats in group C had a significantly lower mean weight than the rats in groups B. It was concluded that intraperitoneally injected aqueous extract of alligator pepper, in the first trimester of pregnancy, can prevent the development of fetal macrosomia in Sprague-Dawley rats.

关键词： Effect Alligator Pepper High Glycemic Index Diet Litter Weight Sprague Dawley Rat

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Toward a sustainable growth path in Arab economies:an extension of classical growth model

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 621-644页

作者： Amjad Taha Mucahit Aydin Taiwo Temitope Lasisi festus Victor Bekun Narayan Sethi Department of Banking and Finance Eastern Mediterranean UniversityNorth Cyprus Via Mersin 10FamagustaTurkey Department of Econometrics Faculty of Political SciencesSakarya UniversityEsentepe CampusSerdivanSakaryaTurkey Department of Recreology and Tourism Faculty of Informatics and ManagementUniversity of Hradec KrálovéHradec KraloveCzech Republic Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences Istanbul Gelisim UniversityIstanbulTurkey Adnan Kassar School of Business Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Department of Humanities and Social Sciences National Institute of Technology(NIT)RourkelaRourkela 769008OdishaIndia

Background/Objectives:Many economies are on the trajectory of alternative growth drivers other than conventional capital and *** to credit facilities is a pertinent indicator of economic *** line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(UNSDGs-8)agenda,the national goal for sustainable development for most economies and Arab economies is no ***,the current study adopts a traditional growth model by exploring the relationship between gross domestic product(GDP)per capita,credit for private sectors,ratio of exports,real GDP,and per labor force participants for selected Arab economies annually from 2001 to *** design:This study leverages the Fourier Kwiatkowski–Phillips–Schmidt–Shin(KPSS)unit root test and second-generation panel econometrics as estimation techniques,such as Westerlund and Edgerton panel cointegration test,and the use of two estimators,namely the augmented mean group(AMG)and common correlated error mean group(CCEMG),to obtain robust ***:Empirical findings from Westerlund and Edgerton panel cointegration tests validate the long-run equilibrium relationship among the outlined *** empirical results indicate that the share of exports is negatively significant with economic growth in countries such as Kuwait,Lebanon,Tunisia,and ***,savings and labor force participation have a positive relationship with economic growth in individual countries such as Algeria and *** per the panel,there is no significant relationship between labor force participation and economic *** indicates that the skilled labor force enhanced economic ***:These findings come with inherent far-reaching policy suggestions for economies and *** details on country-specific policy actions are presented in the concluding section.

关键词： Arab economies Classical growth model Panel econometrics SDG Savings-investment

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Phytochemical analysis,hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Alchornea cordifolia methanol leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第4期5卷 289-293页

作者： Patience O Osadebe festus BC Okoye Philip F Uzor Nneka R Nnamani Ijeoma E Adiele Nkemakonam C Obiano Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka41001Enugu StateNigeria

Objective:To investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Alchornea cordifolia (***) leaf ***:Various solvent fractions of the methanol extract of the leaf of the *** ***(Fam:Euphorbiaceae) were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity by carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in *** degree of protection was measured by using biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxalate transaminase(SGOT/ AST),serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SCPT/ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and total *** in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract was also evaluated by the I,I-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging *** extract was subjected to preliminary phytoehemical ***:The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions,at a dose of 300 mg/kg,produced significant(Pwere marked scavenging of the DPPH free radicals by the *** effects were comparable to those of the standard drugs used for the respective experiments,silymarin and ascorbic ***,flavonoids,saponins and tannins were delected in the phylochemical ***:From this study,it was concluded that the plant of *** possesses hepatoprotective as well as antioxidant activities and these activities reside mainly in the ethyl acetate and acetone fractions of methanol leaf extract.

关键词： Alchornea cordifolia Antioxidant Carbon tetrachloride DPPH model Hepatoprolective Phytochemical analysis

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射干的化学成分及其抗氧化和抗炎活性的研究

射干的化学成分及其抗氧化和抗炎活性的研究

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作者： festus Kimutai 中国科学院大学(中国科学院武汉植物园)

学位级别：硕士

射干Belamcanda chinensis L.(DC)是一种传统中药,主要用于治疗上呼吸道炎症,如扁桃体炎,咽炎,喉炎,咳嗽和哮喘。本研究的主要目的是对射干乙醇提取物及其四个萃取部位的抗氧化和抗炎活性进行评价,找到最佳活性部位,并通过植物化学手段... 详细信息

射干Belamcanda chinensis L.(DC)是一种传统中药,主要用于治疗上呼吸道炎症,如扁桃体炎,咽炎,喉炎,咳嗽和哮喘。本研究的主要目的是对射干乙醇提取物及其四个萃取部位的抗氧化和抗炎活性进行评价,找到最佳活性部位,并通过植物化学手段从活性部位分离并评价活性化合物。本研究所用射干采集于河南省南召县,采用95%乙醇冷浸法提取后,使用石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇进行萃取得到四个极性部位。通过比色法测定各个极性部位的总黄酮和总多酚含量。采用2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl(DPPH)、2,2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate(ABTS)、以及铁离子还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)实验综合评价其体外抗氧化活性。通过环氧合酶2(COX-2)抑制试验评估其抗炎活性。然后,选择具有最佳抗氧化和抗炎活性的萃取部位进行活性成分分离和鉴定。最后对所得化合物进行抗氧化和抗炎活性验证。结果表明,二氯甲烷萃取物中的黄酮含量最高(291.29 mg RE/g),而乙酸乙酯中总多酚类含量最高(286.34 mg GAE/g)。二氯甲烷部位在DPPH自由基清除实验(IC=43.92 mg/m L)和FRAP还原能力实验中(1.05 mg Fe/g)均表现出了最强的活性,而乙酸乙酯部位显示出有效的ABTS自由基清除能力(IC=38.72 mg/m L)。同时,体外COX-2抑制试验表明,二氯甲烷部位(IC=0.28μM)表现出最强的COX-2抑制活性。综合以上结果,我们选择二氯甲烷部位进行了系统的植物化学分离,共得到27个化合物,26个为黄酮类化合物,其中9个为首次从该属植物中分离得到。Dalspinin(BC-5-4)(IC=10.44μM)表现出最强的DPPH自由基清除活性,优于阳性药维生素C(IC=11.26μM),iristectorigenin B(BC-3-2)表现出最强的ABTS自由基清除活性(IC=13.49μM)和3′,5,7-trihydroxy-8,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone(BC-3-8)表现出最强的FRAP还原能力(4.77 m M Fe)。在COX-2抑制实验中,这些化合物表现出不同程度的抗炎活性,其中3′,5,7-trihydroxy-8,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone(BC-3-8)(IC=4.20μM)表现出最强的COX-2抑制活性。本研究发现射干提取物及从中分离出的化合物具有显著的抗氧化和抗炎活性,为射干的传统应用提供了新的支撑。

关键词：射干抗氧化抗炎黄酮类成分

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