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Endothelin and neonatal capsaicin regulate gastric resistance to injury in BDL rats

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2012年第4期3卷 85-91页

作者： Paula RS Cmara Gerson JN Ferraz Licio A Velloso José Murilo R Zeitune fernando ab suassuna Jose Geraldo P Ferraz Department of Medicine Potiguar University GI Research Lab Gastrocentro Department of Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Campinas Division of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine University of Calgary

AIM: To investigate the relationship between primary afferent neurons, endothelin (ET) and the role of its receptors on ethanol-induced gastric damage in cirrhotic rats. METHODS: Cirrhosis and portal hypertension were induced in rats by bile duct ligation (BDL) while controls had a sham operation. The association between ET and afferent neurons on the gastric mucosa was evaluated by capsaicin treatment in newborn rats, the use of ET agonists or antagonists, gastric ET-1 and -3 mRNA and synthetic capacity. Ethanol-induced damage was assessed using ex vivo gastric chamber *** blood flow was measured by laser-Doppler flow-metry. RESULTS: ET-3 and an ETB receptor antagonist sig- nificantly reduced the extent of ethanol-induced gastric damage in BDL rats. Gastric ET-1 and -3 levels were 30% higher in BDL rats compared to control rats. Cap-saicin treatment restored the gastric resistance and blood flow responses to topical application of ethanol in BDL rats and ET-1 and -3 production to levels observed in controls. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the reduced resistance of the gastric mucosa of cirrhotic rats to ethanol-induced injury is a phenomenon modulated by ET through the ET B receptor and by sensory afferent neurons.

关键词： Endothelins Tachykinins Portal hypertension Gastropathy Cirrhosis

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Tolerance to Salinity of Sesame Genotypes in Different Phenological Stages

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 1904-1920页

作者： Janivan Fernandes suassuna Pedro Dantas Fernandes Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito Nair Helena Castro Arriel Alberto Soares de Melo Josely Dantas Fernandes Department of Biology State University of Paraiba UEPB Campina Grande Brazil Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande UFCG Campina Grande Brazil Department of Agricultural Science Federal University of Campina Grande UFCG Pombal Brazil Embrapa-Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Campina Grande Brazil Department of Agrobiology and Agriculture State University of Paraiba UEPB Lagoa Seca Brazil

The sesame crop is usually avoided in salt-affected areas because of the various effects of saline stress on plants. Besides varying between species, salinity effects are known to vary for genotypes of the same species as well as plant development stages. Thus, through the irrigation of plants with saline water, this study evaluates tolerance to saline stress of new sesame genotypes in different phenological stages. Three experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions, using the sesame genotypes BRS Seda, LAG-927561 and LAG-26514. Water with different levels of electrical conductivity (ECw = 0.6, 1.6, 2.6, 3.6 and 4.6 dS m-1) was used to irrigate plants during germination and initial growth stages, as well as the entire crop cycle. Tolerance to saline stress (3.6 dS m-1) during growth and production stages was also studied. Salinity did not affect sesame germination, but seedling growth was hindered from the ECw of 1.6 dS m-1 onwards, and plant height was the most affected growth variable. Seed production is affected by salinity, regardless of the phenological stage in which plants are exposed to salinity. The strains LAG-927561 and LAG-26514 show promising signs in studies on adaptation to saline stress.

关键词： Sesamum indicum Development Stages Saline Stress Relative Crop Yield

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Host-Pathogen Wars: New Weapons from Biotechnology and Genomics

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第3期10卷 402-416页

作者： Mychele B. da Silva Richard F. Davis Andrew H. Paterson Nelson Dias suassuna Shavannor M. Smith Peng W. Chee Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Tifton GA USA Institute of Plant Breeding Genetics and Genomics University of Georgia Tifton GA USA Crop Protection and Management Research Unit USDA-ARS Tifton GA USA Plant Genome Mapping Lab University of Georgia Athens GA USA EMBRAPA Algodao Campina Grande Brazil

Pathogens are imminent threats to crop production. Among the management tools available to protect crops from diseases, the use of host-plant resistance had been hindered by a lack of tools and resources to identify resistance genes (R-genes). Genomic technologies have empowered acquisition of a new level and quality of information on plant-pathogen interactions. Next generation sequencing, differential transcriptome analysis, gene editing, and use of bioinformatics have greatly expanded the numbers of R-genes identified, enriched understanding of R-avirulence gene interactions, and disease diagnosis. In this review, we highlight the application of genomic technologies to identification of pathogen machinery for future improvement of host plant resistance.

关键词： Host-Plant Resistance R-Genes Genomics Crop Improvement

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