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Toward sustainable waste management in small islands developing states: integrated waste-to-energy solutions in Maldives context

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 133-148页

作者： Yao wang Alejandro Ruiz-Acevedo Eemaan Rameez Vijaya Raghavan Abid Hussain Xunchang fei School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore United Nations Office for Project Services(UNOPS) United Nations BuildingBuruzu MaguMale’20184Maldives Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversitySte-Anne-De-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaOntario K1S 5B6H9X 3V9Canada

Effective waste management is a major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Maldives due to limited land availability. Maldives exemplifies these issues as one of the most geographically dispersed countries, with a population unevenly distributed across numerous islands varying greatly in size and population density. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the unique waste management practices across different regions of Maldives in relation to its natural and socioeconomic context. Data shows Maldives has one of the highest population density and per capita waste generation among SIDS, despite its small land area and medium GDP per capita. Large disparities exist between the densely populated capital Male’ with only 5.8 km2 area generating 63% of waste and the ~194 scattered outer islands with ad hoc waste management practices. Given Male’s dense population and high calorific waste, incineration could generate up to ~30 GW/a energy and even increase Maldives’ renewable energy supply by 200%. In contrast, decentralized anaerobic digestion presents an optimal solution for outer islands to reduce waste volume while providing over 40%–100% energy supply for daily cooking in local families. This timely study delivers valuable insights into designing context-specific waste-to-energy systems and integrated waste policies tailored to Maldives’ distinct regions. The framework presented can also guide other SIDS facing similar challenges as Maldives in establishing sustainable, ecologically sound waste management strategies.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Waste incineration Waste management Maldives Small Island Developing States Waste-to-energy

Experimental and first-principles calculation of TiN growth mechanism on CeAlO_(3) surface in steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第2期31卷 452-463页

作者： fei-hu He Jun Peng Fang Zhang Yong-bin wang Hong-tao Chang School of Materials and Metallurgy Inner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotou014010Inner MongoliaChina

Regular TiN is harmful to the toughness of steel,and its shape and size need to be *** the behavior of TiN precipitation on CeAlO_(3) surfaces is critical for controlling the morphology and formation process of CeAlO_(3)–TiN composite inclusions in the *** results showed that TiN had a square morphology on the CeAlO3 surface,and electron backscatter diffraction phase identification results revealed the orientation relationship between CeAlO_(3) and TiN as follows:(001)_(CeAlO_(3))//(110)_(TiN),(100)_(CeAlO_(3))/(001)_(TiN),and[010]_(CeAlO_(3))/[110]_(TiN).The CeAlO3 crystal structure was studied using the first-principles calculation method,and the adsorption and growth process of TiN on the CeAlO_(3) surface were investigated from the atomic *** calculation results indicate that there is no metallic bonding present in the CeAlO_(3) *** the low-index crystal planes of CeAlO_(3),the(110)planes terminated with O and CeAlO have the highest and lowest surface energies,respectively,with values of 0.373 and 0.051 eV/Å^(2).On the high surface energy plane of CeAlO_(3),the TiN atomic permutation structure is consistent with the arrangement of Ti and N atoms in TiN(100)or(110).For the low surface energy plane of CeAlO_(3),the Ti and N atoms are arranged in a ring-like structure.

关键词： CeAlO_(3)-TiN inclusion Orientation relationship Crystal structure First principle Surface energy

Thermoelectric Properties of an Indandione-Terminated Quinoidal Compound:Effect of the n-Type Dopants

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第9期42卷 997-1003页

作者： Yingying Liu Cheng wang Tianzuo wang fei Jiao Shaoqiang Dong Yunfeng Deng Yanhou Geng School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin Universityand Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)Tianjin 300072China Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Department of ChemistrySchoolof ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Joint Schoolof NationalUniversity of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityBinhai New City FuzhouFujian350207China

The investigation of n-type doping holds a significant interest for the application of ***,the doping of an indandione-terminated compound Q-4F with a singlet open-shell ground state was studied using two n-dopants N-DMBI and *** of these two dopants can effectively dope Q-4F due to the large offset between the singly occupied molecular orbital(SOMO)of dopants and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)of Q-4F.N-DMBI has a higher doping ability than LCV as demonstrated by the UV-vis-NIR and EPR ***,in comparison to N-DMBI doped Q-4F,LCV doped system exhibits much higher electrical conductivity and power factor due to its unperturbed molecular packing and favorable morphology after *** optimal conductivity of LCV doped Q-4F is 7.16×10^(-2)±0.16 S·cm^(-1) and the highest power factor reaches 12.3±0.85μW·m–1·K^(-2).These results demonstrate that the modulation of n-dopants is a powerful strategy to balance the doping efficiency and microstructure toward a maximum thermoelectric performance.

关键词： n-Doping Indandione Quinoidal compounds Organic thermoelectrics Electron transfer Organic electronics Energy conversion

Geophysical prediction of organic matter abundance in source rocks based on geochemical analysis:A case study of southwestern Bozhong Sag,Bohai Sea,China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 31-53页

作者： Xiang wang Guang-Di Liu Xiao-Lin wang Jin-Feng Ma Zhen-Liang wang fei-Long wang Ze-Zhang Song Chang-Yu Fan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest UniversityXi'an710069ShaanxiChina Department of Geology Northwest UniversityXi'an710069ShaanxiChina CNOOC Tianjin Branch Company Tianjin300459China

The Bozhong Sag is the largest petroliferous sag in the Bohai Bay Basin,and the source rocks of Paleogene Dongying and Shahejie Formations were buried *** of the drillings were located at the structural high,and there were few wells that met good quality source rocks,so it is difficult to evaluate the source rocks in the study area precisely by geochemical analysis *** on the Rock-Eval pyrolysis,total organic carbon(TOC)testing,the organic matter(OM)abundance of Paleogene source rocks in the southwestern Bozhong Sag were evaluated,including the lower of second member of Dongying Formation(E_(3)d2L),the third member of Dongying Formation(E_(3)d_(3)),the first and second members of Shahejie Formation(E_(2)s_(1+2)),the third member of Shahejie Formation(E_(2)s_(3)).The results indicate that the E_(2)s_(1+2)and E_(2)s_(3)have better hydrocarbon generative potentials with the highest OM abundance,the E_(3)d_(3)are of the second good quality,and the E_(3)d2L have poor to fair hydrocarbon generative ***,the well logs were applied to predict TOC and residual hydrocarbon generation potential(S_(2))based on the sedimentary facies classification,usingΔlogR,generalizedΔlogR,logging multiple linear regression and BP neural network *** various methods were compared,and the BP neural network method have relatively better prediction *** on the pre-stack simultaneous inversion(P-wave impedance,P-wave velocity and density inversion results)and the post-stack seismic attributes,the three-dimensional(3D)seismic prediction of TOC and S_(2)was carried *** results show that the seismic near well prediction results of TOC and S_(2)based on seismic multi-attributes analysis correspond well with the results of well logging methods,and the plane prediction results are identical with the sedimentary facies map in the study *** TOC and S_(2)values of E_(2)s_(1+2)and E_(2)s_(3)are higher than those in E_(3)d_(3)and E_(3)d_(2)L,basicall

关键词： Total organic carbon(TOC) Residual hydrocarbon generation potential(S_(2)) Geophysical prediction Seismic attribute Bozhong Sag Bohai Bay Basin

Debugging Computer Game Program using Zobrist Hashing

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Debugging Computer Game Program using Zobrist Hashing

Decision and Coordination of an E-commerce Supply Chain Considering Returns and Network Externalities

第24届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Liu Cheng 1 , wang Yajie 1 , Li fei 1 , wang Xiaoyan 1 1. Engineering Training Center, Shenyang AeroSpace University, Shenyang 110136

Due to the large scale of game tree, AI computer game programs run slowly in the debug mode of Microsoft vc++6.0 IDE and is very hard to debug the core algorithms. This paper argues that, based on Zobrist hashing and other technologies, we could do debugging works in release mode rather then in debug mode to greatly speed up the program development. An example is given about how to debug a Connect6 computer game named Consau with this method.

关键词： Connect6 Zobrist Hashing Micosoft vc++6.0 IDE Algrithmic Error Release Mode Game Tree Text File

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JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 2024年第5期33卷 552-575页

作者： Shen, Liang Lin, fei wang, Yuyan Ding, Luping Cheng, T. C. E. wang, Dexia Shandong Univ Finance & Econ Sch Publ Finance & Taxat Jinan 250014 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Finance & Econ Sch Management Sci & Engn Jinan 250014 Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ PolyU Business Sch Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 Peoples R China

Considering the large number of returns in online sales and the network externalities of e-platforms, we develop a decentralized model and a centralized model to explore the impacts of returns and network externalities on e-commerce supply chain (ECSC) decisions. We show that in the decentralized model, the service level, price, market demand, and ECSC members' profits increase with the network externality strength. However, the service level and price increase, while the market demand and ECSC members' profits decrease with the product return rate. The centralized model is the optimal operating mode when it is properly coordinated. We design the "commission and return cost-sharing" contract to optimize ECSC, in which the proportion of the e-platform's sharing of the return handling cost is exactly equal to the proportion of the system profit after coordination. Based on the decentralized model, we develop two extended models in which we endogenize the impacts of the service level and return rate on the network externality strength. Through comparisons between the extended and decentralized models, we show that high-quality service can improve ECSC's profitability, while a high return rate hurts its economic performance.

关键词： E-commerce supply chain coordination mechanism network externalities return products POLICY COMPATIBILITY PERFORMANCE COMPETITION RETAILER IMPACT TIME

Polyoxometalate as the assembly material to self-assembled Ni(OH)_(2) nanosheets with electrocatalytic performance

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7061-7067页

作者： Danyang He Tianyang Li Luozhen Jiang fei wang Zihao Xing Nan wang Zhiyu Jia Guo-Yu Yang Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of ScienceShanghai 201210China Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education Facluty of ChemistryNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China

Developing non-noble metal-based electrocatalyst with high catalytic activity is essential for advancing hydrogen energy *** study introduces a hydrothermal method for synthesizing order Ni(OH)_(2) nanosheets,with H_(3)O_(40)PW_(12)(denoted as PW_(12))loaded onto reduced graphene oxide(rGO)coated on nickel foam(referred to as PW_(12)-Ni(OH)_(2)/rGO).This method contrasts with the electrodeposition of Ni(OH)_(2),where PW_(12) is added to the synthetic system to direct the assembly and morphology of the Ni(OH)_(2) through a hydrothermal *** this work,the nickel foam acts dual roles as both the substrate and the source of nickel for the formation of Ni(OH)_(2).The PW_(12)-Ni(OH)_(2)/rGO nanosheets,when successfully prepared and loaded onto the nickel foam(NF),exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)in an alkaline electrolyte,achieving a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2) at an overpotential of 69 ***,we endeavored to expand the application of this material towards the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)by preparing PW_(12)-(Fe/Co)Ni(OH)_(2)/rGO through the addition of metal *** nanocomposite displayed outstanding electrocatalytic activity in alkaline electrolytes,with a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)at an overpotential of 211 mV,and demonstrated excellent stability over a 50 h period in a 1 M KOH *** results presented in this paper offer an effective strategy for the preparation of polyoxometalate-based inorganic materials with diverse functionalities,applicable to both HER and OER.

关键词： polyoxometalate Ni(OH)_(2) assembly hydrogen evolution reaction oxygen evolution reaction

Superhydrophilic nickel hydroxide ultrathin nanosheets enable high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 138-147页

作者： Yi-Ran wang fei Zhang Jian-Min Gu Xiao-Yu Zhao Ran Zhao Xing wang Tian-Hui Wu Jing wang Ji-Dong wang De-Song wang State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology(MMST) Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied ChemistryYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Suihua UniversitySuihua 152000China School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Sciences Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018China

Superhydrophilic surfaces have been applied for supercapacitor;however,during energy storage reaction,how the wettability affects the process of electrochemical reaction specifically is still ***,we demonstrate superhydrophilic surface for promotion of electrochemical reactions by liquid affinity and further explain the mechanism,where the transition of the wettability state caused by the change in surface free energy is the main reason for the obvious increase in specific *** citric acid assistance strategy,an intrinsically hydrophobic Ni(OH)_(2)thick nanosheets(HNHTNs,16 nm)can be transitioned into superhydrophilic Ni(OH)_(2)ultrathin nanosheets(SNHUNs,6.8 nm),where the water contact angle was 0°and the surface free energy increased from 8.6to 65.8 mN·m^(-1),implying *** with HNHTNs,the specific capacitance of SNHUNs is doubled:from 1230 F·g^(-1)(HNHTNs)to 2350 F·g^(-1)(2A·g^(-1))and,even at 20 A·g^(-1),from 833 F·g^(-1)(HNHTNs)to 1670 F·g^(-1).The asymmetric capacitors assembled by SNHUNs and activated carbon show 52.44 Wh·kg^(-1)at 160W·kg^(-1)and excellent stability with~90%retention after5000 cycles(~80%retention after 9500 cycles).The promotion of electrochemical performances is ascribed to the change of surface wettability caused by surface free energy,which greatly increase affinity of electrode to the surrounding liquid environment to reduce the interface resistance and optimize the electron transport path.

关键词： Asymmetric supercapacitor Superhydrophilic interface Transition metal hydroxides Ultrathin nanosheets High specific capacitance

The Turbulent Schmidt Number for Transient Contaminant Dispersion in a Large Ventilated Room Using a Realizable k-εModel

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第4期20卷 829-846页

作者： fei wang Qinpeng Meng Jinchi Zhao Xin wang Yuhong Liu Qianru Zhang School of Environment and Architecture University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China

Buildings with large open spaces in which chemicals are handled are often exposed to the risk of *** fluid dynamics is a useful and convenient way to investigate contaminant dispersion in such large *** turbulent Schmidt number(Sc_(t))concept has typically been used in this regard,and most studies have adopted a default *** studied the concentration distribution for sulfur hexafluoride(SF_(6))assuming different emission rates and considering the effect of Sc_(t).Then we examined the same problem for a light gas by assuming hydrogen gas(H_(2))as the *** SF_(6) was considered as the contaminant gas,a variation in the emission rate completely changed the concentration *** the emission rate was low,the gravitational effect did not take *** both low and high emission rates,an increase in S_(ct) accelerated the transport rate of SF_(6).In contrast,for H_(2) as the contaminant gas,a larger S_(ct) could induce a decrease in the H_(2) transport rate.

关键词： Large space CFD turbulent Schmidt number contaminant dispersion emission rate