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Effect of mucin 4 allele on susceptibility to experimental infection with enterotoxigenic F4 Escherichia coli in pigs fed experimental diets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 981-989页

作者： Samantha O.Sterndale Danica J.Evans Josephine P.Mansfield Julie Clarke Shafi Sahibzada Sam Abraham Mark O’Dea David W.Miller Jae Cheol Kim John r.Pluske Agriculture Sciences College of ScienceHealthEngineering and Education Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia CSIrO Health and Biosecurity PO BOX 10041AdelaideBC 5000Australia Antimicrobial resistance and Infectious Disease Laboratory Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia AB Vista Asia Pte.Ltd The MezzoWhampoa 329682Singapore

Background: This study investigated the validity of the DNA-marker based test to determine susceptibility to ETECF4 diarrhoea by comparing the results of two DNA sequencing techniques in weaner pigs following experimental infection with F4 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC-F4). The effects of diet and genetic susceptibility were assessed by measuring the incidence of piglet post-weaning diarrhoea(PWD), faecal E. coli shedding and the diarrhoea ***: A DNA marker-based test targeting the mucin 4 gene(MUC4) that encodes F4 fimbria receptor identified pigs as either fully susceptible(SS), partially or mildly susceptible(Sr), and resistant(rr) to developing ETEC-F4 diarrhoea. To further analyse this, DNA sequencing was undertaken, and a significantly higher proportion of C nucleotides was observed for rr and Sr at the Xba I cleavage site genotypes when compared to SS. However, no significant difference was found between Sr and rr genotypes. Therefore, results obtained from Sanger sequencing retrospectively allocated pigs into a resistant genotype(MUC4–), in the case of a C nucleotide, and a susceptible genotype(MUC4+), in the case of a G nucleotide, at the single nucleotide polymorphism site. A total of 72 weaner pigs(age ~ 21 days), weighing 6.1 ± 1.2 kg(mean ± SEM), were fed 3 different diets:(i) positive control(PC) group supplemented with 3 g/kg zinc oxide(Zn O),(ii) negative control(NC) group(no Zn O or HAMSA),and(iii) a diet containing a 50 g/kg high-amylose maize starch product(HAMSA) esterified with acetate. At days five and six after weaning, all pigs were orally infected with ETEC(serotype O149:F4;toxins LT1, ST1, ST2 and EAST). The percentage of pigs that developed diarrhoea following infection was higher(P = 0.05) in MUC4+ pigs compared to MUC4– pigs(50% vs. 26.8%, respectively). Furthermore, pigs fed Zn O had less ETEC-F4 diarrhoea(P = 0.009) than pigs fed other diets, however faecal shedding of ETEC was similar(P > 0.05) between ***

关键词： Diarrhoea Escherichia coli F4 MUC4 Weaner pigs Zinc oxide

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Enhanced biological wastewater treatment using sodium alginate-immobilized microorganisms in a fluidized bed reactor

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Water Science and Engineering 2022年第2期15卷 125-133页

作者： Yaneth A.Bustos-Terrones Erick r.Bandala Gabriela E.Moeller-Chávez Victoria Bustos-Terrones Division of Graduate Studies and research CONACYT-TecNM-Technological Institute of CuliacánCuliacánSinaloa 80220Mexico Division of Hydrologic Sciences Desert Research InstituteLas VegasNV 89119-7363USA Academic Direction of Environmental Technology Engineering Polytechnic University of the State of MorelosJiutepecMorelos 62550Mexico

In this study,a microbial consortium isolated from an activated sludge tank of a conventional wastewater treatment plant was immobilized using sodium alginate(SA)as a support material for contaminant biodegradation in wastewater.A volume of 500 mL of activated sludge was immobilized in the SA beads(with a mass concentration of 25 g/L).The resulting SA beads were characterized,introduced into a fluidized bed reactor,fed with 1000 mL of the sample,and characterized again after the treatment *** SA-immobilized microorganisms were tested first for degradation of organic matter(expressed as chemical oxygen demand)and total phosphorous in domestic wastewater,achieving removal efficiencies of 71%and 93%,respectively,after 12 ***,the SA-immobilized microorganisms were tested for degradation of a basic blue 9(BB9)textile dye in a condition that simulated textile *** efficiency of the BB9 degradation was found to be as high as 99.5%after 2 *** to these results,SA-immobilized microorganisms were found to be an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative for treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater effluents.

关键词： Domestic wastewater Basic blue 9 Immobilized microorganisms Fluidized bed reactor Sodium alginate

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Microalgal-based feed:promising alternative feedstocks for livestock and poultry production

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 1252-1266页

作者： Imen Saadaoui rihab rasheed Ana Aguilar Maroua Cherif Hareb Al Jabri Sami Sayadi Schonna r.Manning Center for Sustainable Development College of Arts and SciencesQatar UniversityP.O.Box.2713 DohaQatar Department of Molecular Biosciences UTEX Culture Collection of AlgaeUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

There is an immediate need to identify alternative sources of high-nutrient feedstocks for domestic livestock productionand poultry,not only to support growing food demands but also to produce microalgae-source functional foods withmultiple health *** species of microalgae and cyanobacteria are used to supplement existing *** review,microalgae have been defined as a potential feedstock for domestic animals due to their abundance ofproteins,carbohydrates,lipids,minerals,vitamins,and other high-value ***,the positive physiologicaleffects on products of animals fed with microalgal biomass have been compiled and recommendations are listed toenhance the assimilation of biomolecules in ruminant and nonruminant animals,which possess differing ***,the role of microalgae as prebiotics is also *** regards to large scale cultivation ofmicroalgae for use as feed,many economic trade-offs must be considered such as the selection of strains with desirednutritional properties,cultivation systems,and steps for downstream *** factors are highlighted withfurther investigations needed to reduce the overall costs of ***,this review outlines the pros and cons ofutilizing microalgae as a supplementary feedstock for poultry and cattle,existing cultivation strategies,and theeconomics of large-scale microalgal production.

关键词： Functional feed High-value metabolite Livestock production Microalgae Poultry product

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Influence of fibre and betaine on development of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers between hatch and 14 d of age

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 163-173页

作者： Tiago T.dos Santos Sthéfanie C.Dassi Celia r.C.Franco Cleber r.V.da Costa Sophie A.Lee Ana V.Fisher da Silva Universidade fed.ral do Parana Curtiba81531-900Brazil Department of Cell Biology Universidade Federal do ParanaCuritiba81531-900Brazil AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN8 4ANUnited Kindom Department of Cell Biology Universidade Federal do ParanaCuritiba81531-900Brazil

An experiment was designed to determine the influence of fibre and betaine on the development of the intestine, liver and pancreas of broilers from hatch to 14 d of age. A total of 250-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers were allocated to 16 cages with 15 broilers each. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial design, consisting of 2 feed formulations(low and high fibre diets) and 4 levels of betaine(0,1, 3 or 5 kg/t). At hatch, 10 birds in total were euthanised, and samples of the liver, pancreas, yolk sac and intestine were collected for reference of the analysed parameters before the start of the *** d 4.9 and 14, 5 birds per cage(10 birds per treatment) were selected, euthanised and treated as the same as the birds at hatch. Villus height and width and crypt depth were determined on the duodenum samples, and absorptive area was calculated. The number of enterocytes in mitosis at the villus was determined by a positive reaction to antibody for Ki67 protein, and fused villus was evaluated visually. The relative weight of the yolk sac reduced(P rds aged while the intestine and liver reached a maximum(P round d 4 and the pancreas at d 9. Birds fed the high fibre diet had greater feed intake, lower relative weight of the pancreas and higher villus(P rds fed the low fibre diet. Villus width increased(P reduced(P reased(P rptive area, and reduced(P r of enterocytes with positive reaction for the antibody *** inclusion reduced the width and increased the absorptive area and the villus height of the duodenum of birds up to 14 d of age. The higher fibre diet increased feed intake and villus height, yet reduced pancreas relative weight, while not affecting body weight gain. This response was possibly due to a dilution effect of the fibre, reducing nutrient absorption

关键词： Broiler Betaine Fibre Intestine maturation Pancreas Liver

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Basal diet and indigestible marker influence apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids of cottonseed meal and soybean meal in pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第3期5卷 234-240页

作者： Susanto Prawirodigdo Neil J.Gannon Brian J.Leury Frank r.Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia BPTP Central Java SemarangCentral Java50552Indonesia Biomin Singapore PO Box 2419ToowoombaQLD4350Australia

This study was to determine the apparent ileal nitrogen(N)and amino acid digestibilities of cottonseed meal(CSM)and soybean meal(SBM)in simple carbohydrate-based and more complex wheat-based *** five Large White × Landrace boars(40.9 kg)were randomly allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments:a wheat diet,40% CSM in either a sugar:starch(1:1)or wheat-based diet,or 40% SBM in either a sugar:starch or wheat-based diet for 14 *** diets contained vitamins,minerals,and contained acid-insoluble ash(AIA)and Cr2 O3 as indigestible *** were offered(1,800 g/pig per d)in3 meals/d on d 1-11 and 8 meals/d on d *** d 14,the pigs were fed hourly for 8 *** the 8 th meal,pigs were anaesthetised with isoflurothane,and ileal and faecal digesta sampled from the terminal ileum and rectum before lethal injection of *** ileal digestibility(AID)of N was greater(12.1%)when CSM was fed in the wheat-based diet as compared to the simple carbohydrate-based diet,whereas apparent ileal N digestibility of SBM was slightly lower(-4.5%)in the wheat-based diet as compared to the sugar:starch-based *** ileal amino acid digestibility generally respondeds similarly to ***,while there was a wide difference in apparent N and amino acid digestibilities of SBM and CSM when they were fed in the sugar:starch-based diets,these differences were less apparent when they were fed the wheat-based *** was an apparent net release of N into the hindgut of pigs fed CSM in both base ***,there was quite substantial apparent digestion of N in the hindgut of pigs fed SBM in both base *** use of Cr2 O3 as an indigestible marker resulted in lower apparent ileal and faecal digestibilities than using AIA,particularly for diets containing *** data demonstrate that the basal diet and choice of indigestible marker can substantially influence the estimate of apparent N digestibility,this response can differ for different protein meals.

关键词： Organic matter Pig Wheat Cottonseed meal Soybean meal Digestibility

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Evaluation of the effect of different wheats and xylanase supplementation on performance,nutrient and energy utilisation in broiler chicks

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第3期2卷 173-179页

作者： Gemma González-Ortiz Oluyinka Olukosi Michael r.Bedford AB Vista Marlborough Monogastric Science research Centre Scotland's Rural College

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, nutrient utilisation and energy metabolism of broiler chicks fed 8 different wheat samples, supplemented or not with xylanase. Seven-hundred sixty eight male broilers(1-day-old) were distributed to 16 experimental treatments(6 replicates per treatment). The treatments were in a factorial arrangement with 8 different wheats and 2 levels of xylanase(0 or 16,000 BXU/kg). The predicted apparent metabolisable energy(AME) of the wheat samples ranged from 13.0 to 13.9 MJ/kg and all diets were formulated to contain the same amount of wheat. Body weight gain(BWG) and feed intake(FI) were measured at 21 d, as was jejunal digesta viscosity, and feed conversion ratio(FCr) calculated. On day 24, one representative bird per pen was selected to calculate whole body energetics. At 21 d, 3 chicks per replicate were randomly allocated to metabolism cages for energy and nutrient utilisation determinations, and were continued on the experimental diets until 24-d-old. No interactions were observed for any performance response variables, ileal nutrient utilisation or digesta viscosity. Xylanase improved BWG and reduced FCr and digesta viscosity(P ry matter(DM) utilisation and xylanase increased ileal digestible energy(P = 0.04). Xylanase also improved(P rogen retention. Apparent metabolisable energy and AME corrected for nitrogen(AMEn) were subject to an interaction whereby wheats 2 and 6, which returned the lowest AME and AMEn values, responded to xylanase supplementation and the remainder did not. Net energy for production and the efficiency of energy use for production were not influenced by xylanase, but were affected by wheat(P rences between wheats with regards to their nutrient utilisation and energy metabolism in birds, xylanase removed this variance and resulted in more homogeneous performance.

关键词： Wheat Near-infrared spectroscopy Xylanase Nutrient release Energy Broiler chickens

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Development of Novel Therapeutics to raise HDL and Block Inflammation

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中国动脉硬化杂志 2009年第7期17卷 575-576页

作者： Daniel L. Sparks Nihar r. Pandey The University of Ottawa Heart Institute

Plant derived phospholipids are rich in linoleic acid (LA) and have therapeutic value to treat inflammatory diseases of the liver,intestine and vasculature. These phospholipids act to normalize plasma lipid levels and prevent atherosclerotic disease. Oral administration of LA-phospholipids to cholesterol-fed.rabbits prevents the development of atherosclerosis.

关键词：亚油酸血管症状治疗方法胆固醇

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Effect of Protein Malnutrition on Sex Organsof Metanil Yellow Exposed Male rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1998年第3期11卷 233-242页

作者： r. L. SINGH (Department of Biochemistry, Dr. ram Manohar Lohia AvadhUniversity, Faizabad-224001, UP, India) Department of Biochemistry Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University Faizabad UP India.

Oral administration of metanil yellow (MY) at 3.0% (w/w) dose level to adult male albino rats maintained on low protein (LP) diet for 30 days resulted in a greater decrease in absolute and relative weights of testes than in those rats maintained on a normal protein (NP)diet. A marked decrease in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and hyaluronidase and content of lactic acid in LP + MY fed animals suggested that low protein diet enhenced the vulnerability of germ cells towards metanil yellow. The lack of significant changes in the cholesterol content of testis, the fructose content of the coagulating glands and the dorsolateral prostate,the activities of aIkaline phosphatase in the seminal vesicle, and acid phosphatase in ventral prostate of the MY treated animals suggested that their androgenic status were not affected.

关键词： DYES

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Effect of Supplemental Calcium Levels on Feedlot Growth Performance and Dietary Net Energy Utilization during the receiving Feeding Period of Calf-fed Holstein Steers

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第1期10卷 1-9页

作者： L. Buenabad B. C. Latack r. A. Zinn Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Mexicali México University of California Cooperative Extension Holtville USA Department of Animal Science University of California Davis CA USA

Ninety-six calf-fed Holstein steer (127 kg) were used to evaluate the influence of supplemental dietary calcium (Ca) on growth-performance, and dietary net energy (NE) utilization during the initial 112-d of receiving period. Treatments consisted of steam flake corn-based growing-finishing diets supplemented with limestone to achieve 0.60%, 0.70%, 0.80%, or 0.90% dietary Ca (DM basis). Morbidity was low (6.3%) and it was not affected (P > 0.87) by dietary treatments. During the initial 84-d period (181 kg average BW), increasing dietary Ca did not influence (P > 0.10) DMI, ADG, gain efficiency or observed/expected DMI. Observed DMI was 19% greater than expected based on diet formulation and growth. Estimated metabolizable protein and methionine supply during the initial 84-d period averaged 92% and 79% of the required, respectively. The apparent decrease in efficiency of energy utilization in the present study is in close agreement with previous studies involving calf-fed Holstein steers in the early growing phase fed conventional growing-finishing diet that is otherwise deficient in metabolizable amino acids. Thus, it is considered that the anticipated growth-performance responses to dietary Ca treatments may have been masked by expected inefficiencies due to metabolizable amino acid deficiency. During the final 28-d period (256 kg of average BW), increasing supplemental Ca reduced feed intake (linear effect, P = 0.04) and enhanced gain efficiency (linear effect, P = 0.03). During this period, predicted ([1] Level 1) metabolizable protein and methionine supply were 110% and 94% of the required, respectively. Nevertheless, improvements in gain efficiency during the final 28-d period with increasing levels of supplemental Ca were not sufficient to influence (P > 0.10) overall 112-d growth-performance. It is concluded dietary Ca requirements of calf-fed Holstein steers during the initial 112-d feeding period appear to be secondary to deficiencies of conventional steam

关键词： Holstein Feedlot Performance Calcium

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Optimized Power Factor Correction for High Speed Switched reluctance Motor

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 997-1014页

作者： r.S.Preethishri J.Anitha roseline K.Murugesan M.Senthil Kumaran Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering KalavakkamTamilnadu603110India

The Power Factor Correction(PFC)in Switched reluctance(Sr)motor is discussed in this *** Sr motors are applicable for multiple applications like electric vehicles,wind mills,machineries *** doubly salient structure of Sr motor causes the occurrence of torque ripples,which affects the power factor of the *** improve the power quality,the power factor has to be corrected and the ripples have to be *** order to achieve these objectives,a novel power factor correction(PFC)method is proposed in this ***,the conventional Diode Bridge rectifier(DBr)is replaced by a Bridgeless Hybrid resonant(Hr)converter,which assists in improvising the output in a wider *** converter is chosen because of having variety of beneficial measures including high *** converter’s output is fed to the Sr motor by means of an asymmetric Bridge resonant(Br)*** proposed converter operates in continuous mode of conduction with the switching frequency of 10 KHz.A hysteresis current controller and Proportional Integral(PI)controller are utilized for reducing the harmonics in the source current along with the regulation of output *** addition,the speed control of Sr motor is accomplished by means of the Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)assisted PI *** proposed methodology is effective for the control of unity power factor,torque and current *** Total Harmonic Distortion(THD)of the source current is also minimized,which suits the standard of International Electrotechnical Comission IEC *** this methodology,the power factor of 0.99 is achieved with 97%efficiency and 3.92%*** proposed methodology is validated in simulation by MATLAB and in hardware by FPGA Spartan 6E.

关键词： Bridgeless hybrid resonant converter switched reluctance motor Br converter hysteresis current controller PI controller WOA

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