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Generating Adversarial Samples on Multivariate Time Series using Variational Autoencoders

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第9期8卷 1523-1538页

作者： Samuel Harford fazle Karim Houshang Darabi Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607 USA

Classification models for multivariate time series have drawn the interest of many researchers to the field with the objective of developing accurate and efficient ***,limited research has been conducted on generating adversarial samples for multivariate time series classification *** samples could become a security concern in systems with complex sets of *** study proposes extending the existing gradient adversarial transformation network(GATN)in combination with adversarial autoencoders to attack multivariate time series classification *** proposed model attacks classification models by utilizing a distilled model to imitate the output of the multivariate time series classification *** addition,the adversarial generator function is replaced with a variational autoencoder to enhance the adversarial *** developed methodology is tested on two multivariate time series classification models:1-nearest neighbor dynamic time warping(1-NN DTW)and a fully convolutional network(FCN).This study utilizes 30 multivariate time series benchmarks provided by the University of East Anglia(UEA)and University of California Riverside(UCR).The use of adversarial autoencoders shows an increase in the fraction of successful adversaries generated on multivariate time *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first study to explore adversarial attacks on multivariate time ***,we recommend future research utilizing the generated latent space from the variational autoencoders.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning deep learning multivariate time series perturbation methods

Assessment of phytotoxic, genotoxic and enzyme inhibition potential of Sterculia diversifolia

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第4期42卷 595-603页

作者： fazle Rabbi Amir Zada Amna Nisar Department of Pharmacy University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Pharmacy Abasyn University PeshawarPeshawar25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan.fazle.rabbi@abasyn.edu.pk Telephone:+92-0314-9244566

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate Sterculia diversifolia stem bark and leaves for phytotoxic,genotoxic and enzymes inhibition ***:Phytotoxic activity of both stem bark and leaves were screened using Lemna *** genotoxic activity of Sterculia diversifolia stem bark and leaves extracts were tested using comet assay protocol while enzyme inhibition activity of crude extract and various fractions of both stem bark and leaves were evaluated using acetyl cholinesterase,lipoxygenase,β-glucuronidase,urease,xanthine oxidase and carbonic ***:Phytotoxic activity showed significant results in dose dependant manner in both stem bark(ethyl acetate and n-butanol)and leaves(ethyl acetate,nbutanol and n-hexane)*** genotoxic activity,dichloromethane fraction showed significant activity followed by ethyl acetate *** cholinesterease inhibitory activity showed significant results in both stem bark and leaves fractions,while significant lipoxygenase inhibition was shown by ethyl acetate,dichloromethane,crude extract and n-hexane fractions of both stem bark and leaves.β-glucuronidase,urease and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity showed highly significant results in ethyl acetate fraction of both stem bark and leaves,while xanthine oxidase inhibition was shown by dichloromethane fraction of stem bark and leaves ***:This study emphasizes the important phytotoxic,genotoxic and enzyme inhibition effects of Sterculia diversifolia stem bark and ***,it is clear that Sterculia diversifolia stem bark and leaves possess phytotoxic,genotoxic and enzyme inhibitory agents.

关键词： Sterculia plant extracts phytotoxic mutagenicity tests enzymes

New perspective in statistical modeling of wall-bounded turbulence

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2010年第6期26卷 847-861页

作者： Zhen-Su She Xi Chen You Wu fazle Hussain State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of EngineeringPeking University100871 BeijingChina Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX 77204-4792USA

Despite dedicated effort for many decades,statistical description of highly technologically important wall turbulence remains a great *** models are unfortunately incomplete,or empirical,or *** a review of the existing theories of wall turbulence,we present a new framework,called the structure ensemble dynamics （SED）,which aims at integrating the turbulence dynamics into a quantitative description of the mean *** SED theory naturally evolves from a statistical physics understanding of non-equilibrium open systems,such as fluid turbulence, for which mean quantities are intimately coupled with the fluctuation *** from the ensemble-averaged Navier-Stokes（EANS） equations,the theory postulates the existence of a finite number of statistical states yielding a multi-layer picture for wall ***,it uses order functions（ratios of terms in the mean momentum as well as energy equations） to characterize the states and transitions between *** of the SED analysis to an incompressible channel flow and a compressible turbulent boundary layer shows that the order functions successfully reveal the multi-layer structure for wall-bounded turbulence, which arises as a quantitative extension of the traditional view in terms of sub-layer,buffer layer,log layer and wake. Furthermore,an idea of using a set of hyperbolic functions for modeling transitions between layers is proposed for a quantitative model of order functions across the entire flow *** conclude that the SED provides a theoretical framework for expressing the yet-unknown effects of fluctuation structures on the mean quantities,and offers new methods to analyze experimental and simulation *** with asymptotic analysis,it also offers a way to evaluate convergence of *** SED approach successfully describes the dynamics at both momentum and energy levels, in contrast with all prevalent approaches describing the mean velocity profile

关键词： Wall turbulence Statistical modeling Structure ensemble dynamics Order function Multi-layer

Immune therapy including dendritic cell based therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2876-2883页

作者： Sk Md fazle Akbar Norio Horiike Morikazu Onji Third Department of Internal Medicine Ehime University School of MedicineEhime 791-0295Japan

Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection is a global public health problem. Of the approximately 2 billion people who have been infected worldwide, more than 400 million are chronic carriers of HBV. Considerable numbers of chronic HBV carriers suffer from progressive liver diseases. In addition, all HBV carriers are permanent source of this virus. There is no curative therapy for chronic HBV carriers. Antiviral drugs are recommended for about 10% patients, however, these drugs are costly, have limited efficacy, and possess considerable side effects. Recent studies have shown that immune responses of the host to the HBV are critically involved at every stage of chronic HBV infection：（1） These influence acquisition of chronic HBV carrier state, （2） They are important in the context of liver damages, （3） Recovery from chronic HBV-related liver diseases is dependent on nature and extent of HBV-specific immune responses. However, induction of adequate levels of HBV-specific immune responses in chronic HBV carriers is difficult. During the last one decade, hepatitis B vaccine has been administered to chronic HBV carriers as a therapeutic approach （vaccine therapy）. The present regimen of vaccine therapy is safe and cheap, but not so effective. A dendritic cell-based therapeutic vaccine has recently been developed for treating chronic HBV infection. In this review, we will discuss about the concept, scientific logics, strategies and techniques of development of HBV- specific immune therapies including vaccine therapy and dendritic cell-based vaccine therapy for treating chronic HBV infection.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Dendritic cells Immune therapy Vaccine therapy

New scaling for compressible wall turbulence

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2013年第9期56卷 1770-1781页

作者： PEI Jie CHEN Jun fazle Hussain SHE ZhenSu State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems and Dept of Mechanics College of EngineeringPeking University Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston

Classical Mach-number(M) scaling in compressible wall turbulence was suggested by van Driest(Van Driest E *** boundary layers in compressible fluids.J Aerodynamics Science,1951,18(3):145-160) and Huang et al.(Huang P G,Coleman G N,Bradshaw *** turbulent channel flows:DNS results and modeling.J Fluid Mech,1995,305:185-218).Using a concept of velocity-vorticity correlation structure(VVCS),defined by high correlation regions in a field of two-point cross-correlation coefficient between a velocity and a vorticity component,we have discovered a limiting VVCS as the closest streamwise vortex structure to the wall,which provides a concrete Morkovin scaling summarizing all compressibility ***,when the height and mean velocity of the limiting VVCS are used as the units for the length scale and the velocity,all geometrical measures in the spanwise and normal directions,as well as the mean velocity and fluctuation(r.m.s) profiles become *** results are validated by direct numerical simulations(DNS) of compressible channel flows with M up to ***,a quantitative model is found for the M-scaling in terms of the wall density,which is also validated by the DNS *** findings yield a geometrical interpretation of the semi-local transformation(Huang et al.,1995),and a conclusion that the location and the thermodynamic properties associated with the limiting VVCS determine the M-effects on supersonic wall-bounded flows.

关键词： compressible channel flow coherent structures correlation structures Morkovin's hypothesis

In-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological screening of Iris albicans

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第1期42卷 9-16页

作者： Dawood Kamal Roohullah fazle Rabbi Attiqa Naz Muhammad Bilal Department of Pharmacy Abasyn University PeshawarPeshawar25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the anti-oxidant,enzyme inhibition,anti-pyretic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of Iris ***:Anti-oxidant assay was evaluated using DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)radical scavenging and ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)inhibitory protocol while enzyme inhibitory assay was evaluated by lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory protocol ***,anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potential was evaluated using brewer's yeast induced pyrexia,carrageenan induced paw edema and streptozocin induced diabetes protocols *** biochemical parameters were monitored for the period of ***:The anti-oxidant activity of chloroform fraction of Iris albicans showed the highest scavenging potential against DPPH and ABTS while the maximum inhibitory action recorded against lipo-oxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes was shown by n-hexane and chloroform fractions *** anti-pyretic potential of the crude methanolic extract showed dose dependent activity in reducing pyrexia,thereby when the dose was increased the anti-pyretic effect was also *** anti-inflammatory action of the crude methanolic extract administered at the dose of 300 mg/kg was significant at 1 h after its administration,which was found maintained up to 5 *** the anti-diabetic effect of the crude methanolic extract administered at the dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg was noted highly significant at day 6 and was found well maintained throughout the study time period up to 10 ***(P<0.001)improvement appeared in hemoglobin,protein,cholesterol,triglycerides,urea,creatinine,HDL and LDL of extract treated diabetic ***:From this data it could be concluded that Iris albicans have significant anti-oxidant,enzyme inhibition,ant-pyretic,anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potential.

关键词： antioxidants anti-inflammatory agent antipyretics hypoglycemic agents Iris Albicans

Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes Stimulate Stronger CD8^+ CTL Responses and Antitumor Immunity than TVimor Cell-Derived Exosomes

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2006年第3期3卷 205-211页

作者： Siguo Hao Ou Bai Jinying Yuan mabood Qureshi Jim Xiang Research Unit Division of Health Research Saskatchewan Cancer Agency Departments of Oncology Immunology and Pathology College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan STN 4H4 Canada Siguo Hao and Ou Bai made the same contribution in this study

Exosomes （EXO） derived from dendritic cells （DC） and tumor cells have been used to stimulate antitumor immune responses in animal models and in clinical trials. However, there has been no side-by-side comparison of the stimulatory efficiency of the antitumor immune responses induced by these two commonly used EXO vaccines. In this study, we selected to study the phenotype characteristics of EXO derived from a transfected EG7 tumor cells expressing ovalbumin （OVA） and OVA-pulsed DC by flow cytometry. We compared the stimulatory effect in induction of OVA-specific immune responses between these two types of EXO. We found that OVA protein-pulsed DCOVA-derived EXO （EXODC） can more efficiently stimulate naive OVA-specific CD8^＋ T cell proliferation and differentiation into cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo, and induce more efficient antitumor immunity than EG7 tumor cell-derived EXO （EXOEG7）. In addition, we elucidated the important role of the host DC in EXO vaccines that the stimulatory effect of EXO is delivered to T cell responses by the host DC. Therefore, DC-derived EXO may represent a more effective EXO-based vaccine in induction of antitumor immunity. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2006;3（3）：205-211.

关键词： dendritic cell exosome tumor cell cytotoxic T lymphocyte antitumor immunity

Incorporating boundary constraints to predict mean velocities in turbulent channel flow

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2012年第9期55卷 1691-1695页

作者： WU You CHEN Xi SHE ZhenSu HUSSAIN fazle State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems and Department of Mechanics College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204-4006 USA

We derive exact near-wall and centerline constraints and apply them to improve a recently proposed LPR model for finite Reynolds number(Re) turbulent channel *** analysis defines two constants which are invariant with Re and suggests two more layers for incorporating boundary effects in the prediction of the mean velocity profile in the turbulent *** results provide corrections for the LPR mixing length model and incorrect predictions near the wall and the ***,we show that the analysis,together with a set of well-defined sensitive indicators,is useful for assessment of numerical simulation data.

关键词： turbulence channel flow mean velocity asymptotic analysis

Dynamics of Sutterby fluid flow due to a spinning stretching disk with non-Fourier/Fick heat and mass flux models

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2021年第9期42卷 1247-1258页

作者： F.mabood J.MACKOLIL B.MAHANTHESH A.RAUF S.A.SHEHZAD Department of Information Technology Fanshawe College LondonON N5Y 5R6Canada Department of Mathematics CHRIST(Deemed to be University)Bangalore 560029India Department of Mathematics COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal 57000Pakistan

The magnetohydrodynamic Sutterby fluid flow instigated by a spinning stretchable disk is modeled in this *** Stefan blowing and heat and mass flux aspects are incorporated in the thermal *** conventional models for heat and mass flux,i.e.,Fourier and Fick models,are modified using the Cattaneo-Christov(CC)model for the more accurate modeling of the *** boundary layer equations that govern this problem are solved using the apt similarity *** subsequent system of equations is tackled by the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg(RKF)*** graphical visualizations of the results are discussed with the physical *** rates of mass and heat transmission are evaluated for the augmentation in the pertinent *** Stefan blowing leads to more species diffusion which in turn increases the concentration field of the *** external magnetism is observed to decrease the velocity ***,more thermal relaxation leads to a lower thermal field which is due to the increased time required to transfer the heat among fluid *** heat transport is enhanced by the stretching of the rotating disk.

关键词： Sutterby fluid Stefan blowing Cattaneo-Christov(CC)theory magnetic field rotating stretching disk