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Two-Stage High-Efficiency Encryption Key Update Scheme for LoRaWAN Based IoT Environment

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 547-562页

作者： Kun-Lin Tsai Li-Woei Chen fang-yie leu Chuan-Tian Wu Department of Electrical Engineering Tunghai UniversityTaichung407Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai UniversityTaichung407Taiwan Department of Computer and Information Sciences Chinese Military AcademyKaohsiung830Taiwan Department of Computer Science Tunghai UniversityTaichung407Taiwan Emergency Response Management Center Industry-Academia Collaboration and University Extension DivisionMing-Chuan UniversityTaipei111Taiwan

Secure data communication is an essential requirement for an Internet of Things(IoT)*** in Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)and Internet of Medical Things(IoMT)systems,when important data are hacked,it may induce property loss or life *** though many IoTrelated communication protocols are equipped with secure policies,they still have some security weaknesses in their IoT *** is one of the low power wide-area network protocols,and it adopts Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)to provide message integrity and ***,LoRaWAN’s encryption key update scheme can be further *** this paper,a Two-stage High-efficiency LoRaWAN encryption key Update Scheme(THUS for short)is proposed to update LoRaWAN’s root keys and session keys in a secure and efficient *** THUS consists of two stages,i.e.,the Root Key Update(RKU)stage and the Session Key Update(SKU)stage,and with different update frequencies,the RKU and SKU provide higher security level than the normal LoRaWAN specification does.A modified AES encryption/decryption process is also utilized in the THUS for enhancing the security of the *** security analyses demonstrate that the THUS not only protects important parameter during key update stages,but also satisfies confidentiality,integrity,and mutual ***,The THUS can further resist replay and eavesdropping attacks.

关键词： Key update AES LoRaWAN IoT security high efficiency

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A Wrapping Encryption Based on Double Randomness Mechanism

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 1143-1164页

作者： Yi-Li Huang fang-yie leu Ruey-Kai Sheu Jung-Chun Liu Chi-Jan Huang Department of Computer Science Tunghai UniversityTaichung40764Taiwan Emergency Response Management Center Ming Chung UniversityTaipei11103Taiwan General Education Center Ming Chuan UniversityTaipei11103Taiwan

Currently,data security mainly relies on password(PW)or system channel key(SKCH)to encrypt data before they are sent,no matter whether in broadband networks,the 5th generation(5G)mobile communications,satellite communications,and so *** these environments,a fixed password or channel key(e.g.,PW/SKCH)is often adopted to encrypt different data,resulting in security risks since thisPW/SKCH may be solved after hackers collect a huge amount of encrypted ***,the most popularly used security mechanism Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)has its own problems,e.g.,several rounds have been *** the other hand,if data protected by the same PW/SKCH at different time points can derive different data encryption parameters,the system’s security level will be then greatly ***,in this study,a security scheme,named Wrapping Encryption Based on Double Randomness Mechanism(WEBDR),is proposed by integrating a password key(or a system channel key)and an Initialization Vector(IV)to generate an Initial Encryption Key(IEK).Also,an Accumulated Shifting Substitution(ASS)function and a three-dimensional encryption method are adopted to produce a set of *** randomness encryption mechanisms are *** first generates system sub-keys and calculates the length of the first pseudo-random numbers by employing IEK for providing subsequent encryption/*** second produces a random encryption key and a sequence of internal feedback codes and computes the length of the second pseudo-random numbers for encrypting delivered messages.A wrapped mechanism is further utilized to pack a ciphertext file so that a wrapped ciphertext file,rather than the ciphertext,will be produced and then transmitted to its *** findings are as *** theoretic analyses and simulations demonstrate that the security of the WEBDR in cloud communication has achieved its practical ***,AES requires 176 times exclusive OR(XOR)operations for both encryption an

关键词： Initial encryption key accumulated shifting substitution three-dimensional operation wrapped ciphertext file

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Time Parameter Based Low-Energy Data Encryption Method for Mobile Applications

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2779-2794页

作者： Li-Woei Chen Kun-Lin Tsai fang-yie leu Wen-Cheng Jiang Shih-Ting Tseng Department of Computer and Information Sciences Chinese Military AcademyKaohsiung830TaiwanChina Department of Electrical Engineering Tunghai UniversityTaichung407TaiwanChina Department of Computer Science Tunghai UniversityTaichung407TaiwanChina

Various mobile devices and applications are now used in daily *** devices require high-speed data processing,low energy consumption,low communication latency,and secure data transmission,especially in 5G and 6G mobile ***-security cryptography guarantees that essential data can be transmitted securely;however,it increases energy consumption and reduces data processing ***,this study proposes a low-energy data encryption(LEDE)algorithm based on the Advanced Encryption Standard(AES)for improving data transmission security and reducing the energy consumption of encryption in Internet-of-Things(IoT)*** the proposed LEDE algorithm,the system time parameter is employed to create a dynamic S-Box to replace the static S-Box of *** indicated that six-round LEDE encryption achieves the same security level as 10-round conventional AES *** reduction in encryption time results in the LEDE algorithm having a 67.4%lower energy consumption and 43.9%shorter encryption time than conventional AES;thus,the proposed LEDE algorithm can improve the performance and the energy consumption of IoT edge devices.

关键词： Mobile application security AES data encryption time parameter mobile device

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Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ stimulate steroidogenesis in prepubertal murine Leydig cells in vitro

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第6期10卷 929-936页

作者： Yung-Ming Lin Ming-yie Liu Song-Ling Poon Sew-Fen leu Bu-Miin Huang Department of Urology College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan China Department of Environmental and Occupational Health College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan China Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Taiwan China Institute of Bioindustrial Technology College of Human Ecology HungKuang University Taichung 43302 Taiwan China

Aim： To study the effect and mechanism of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone （GnRH） on murine Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Methods： Purified murine Leydig cells were treated with GnRH-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ agonists, and testosterone production and steroidogenic enzyme expressions were determined. Results： GnRH-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ agonists significantly stimulated murine Leydig cell steroidogenesis 60%-80% in a dose- and time-dependent manner （P 〈 0.05）. The mRNA expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory （STAR） protein, P450scc, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase （HSD）, but not 17β-hydroxylase or 17β-HSD, were significantly stimulated by both GnRH agonists with a 1.5- to 3-fold increase （P 〈 0.05）. However, only 3β-HSD protein expression was induced by both GnRH agonists, with a 1.6- to 2-fold increase （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： GnRH directly stimulated murine Leydig cell steroidogenesis by activating 3β-HSD enzyme expression.

关键词： gonadotrophin-releasing hormone Leydig cells murine steroidogenesis stimulation

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Nck, a missing adaptor between the B-cell receptor complex and the BCAP/PI3K/Akt pathway

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第2期11卷 120-122页

作者： Chuen-Miin leu Natl Yang Ming Univ Inst Microbiol & Immunol Taipei 11221 Taiwan

The signaling pathways activated by the B-cell antigen receptor （BCR）play a crucial role in the development, activation, and differentiation of B cells. Among them, the activation ofphospha- tidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt is par- ticularly important.1-5 The recruitment of PI3K to the plasma membrane is necessary for the generation ofphospha- tidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate, which activates PDK1 （Akt/PKB kinase）; in turn, PDK1 activates Akt （Figure 1）.

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Epigenetic changes in virus-associated human cancers

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Cell Research 2005年第4期15卷 262-271页

作者： Hsin Pai LI,Yu Wei leu Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chang Gung University Kwei-shan Taoyuan Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular Biology ChungCheng University Ming-Hsiung Chia-Yi 5] Taiwan

Epigenetics of human cancer becomes an area of emerging research direction due to a growing understanding ofspecific epigenetic pathways and rapid development of detection technologies. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation is aprevalent phenonmena in human cancers. Tumor suppressor genes are often hypermethylated due to the increasedactivity or deregulation of DNMTs. Increasing evidence also reveals that viral genes are one of the key players inregulating DNA methylation. In this review, we will focus on hypermethylation and tumor suppressor gene silencing andthe signal pathways that are involved, particularly in cancers closely associated with the hepatitis B virus, simian virus40 (SV40), and Epstein-Barr virus. In addition, we will discuss current technologies for genome-wide detection ofepigenetically regulated targets, which allow for systematic DNA hypermethylation analysis. The study of epigeneticchanges should provide a global view of gene profile in cancer, and epigenetic markers could be used for early detection,prognosis, and therapy of cancer.

关键词： epigenetics DNA methylation cancer HBV SV40 EBV.

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Superplastic elongation characteristic of fine grained magnesium alloy ZK60

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Rare Metals 2010年第4期29卷 421-425页

作者： LEE Shyong CHIANG Chihte leu Jyhshyan CHEN Yunghung Department of Mechanical Engineering National Central University Chun Shan Institute of Science and Technology

This paper employs simple rolling process plus annealing to refine the grain size of magnesium alloy ZK60. This goal is effectively achieved, obtaining grains as fine as -3.7 um. Such a specimen shows an elongation of 642%, and its ultimate fracture surface exhibits intergranular separation and significant grain growth. Additionally, the effects of the specimen＇s geometry and tensile test axis with respect to the rolling direction on superplastic elongation is studied, which has not been done before.

关键词： magnesium alloy superplastic elongation rolling process grain refining

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Association between MDM2-SNP309 and hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan Residents population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第44期15卷 5592-5597页

作者： Jyh-Der leu I-Feng kin Ying-fang Sun Su-Mei Chen Chih-Chao Liu Yi-Jang Lee Division of Radiation Oncology Taipei City Hospital Ran Ai Branch 10629 Taipei Taiwan China Department of Public Health National Yang-Ming University 112 Taipei Taiwan China Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences National Yang-Ming University 112 Taipei Taiwan China Division of Nuclear Medicine Taipei City Hospital Ren Ai Branch 10629 Taipei Taiwan China Institute of Environmental and Occupational Healthy Sciences National Yang-Ming University 112 Taipei Taiwan China

AIM:To investigate the risk association and compare the onset age of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients in Taiwan with different genotypes of MDM2- SNP309. METHODS:We analyzed MDM2-SNP309 genotypes from 58 patients with HCC and 138 cancer-free healthy controls *** of MDM2-SNP309 was conducted by restriction fragment length polymor- phism assay. RESULTS:The proportion of homozygous MDM2- SNP309 genotype(G/G)in cases and cancer-free healthy controls was similar(17.2%vs 16.7%).Multi-variate analysis showed that the risk of G/G genotypeof MDM2-SNP309 vs wild-type T/T genotype in patients with HCC was not significant(OR=1.265,95% CI=0.074-21.77)after adjustment for sex,hepatitis B or C virus infection,age,and cardiovascular disease/ ***,there was a trend that GG genotype of MDM2-SNP309 might increase the risk in HCC patients infected with hepatitis virus(OR=2.568, 95%CI=0.054-121.69).Besides,the homozygous MDM2-SNP309 genotype did not exhibit a significantly earlier age of onset for HCC. CONCLUSION:Current data suggest that the asso- ciation between MDM2-SNP309 GG genotype and HCC is not significant,while the risk may be enhanced in patients infected by hepatitis virus in Taiwan.

关键词： MDM2 protein Hepatocellular carcinoma Taiwan Tumor suppressor protein p53

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Mechanically durable,super-repellent 3D printed microcell/nanoparticle surfaces

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5678-5686页

作者： Sajad Haghanifar Anthony J Galante Mehdi Zarei Jun Chen Susheng Tan Paul W leu Department of Industrial Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Peterson Institute of NanoScience and Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Three-dimensional(3D)printed re-entrant micropillars have demonstrated high static contact angles for an unprecedented variety of liquids,but have yet to achieve this with low contact angle hysteresis and excellent abrasion *** report on the demonstration of 3D printed microcell/nanoparticle structures that exhibit high static contact angle,low contact angle hysteresis,and high mechanical *** and microcells both exhibit high static contact angles with water and ethylene glycol(EG),but suffer from high contact angle hysteresis,indicative of rose petal *** modeling results indicate that micropillars are able to achieve higher static contact angle and breakthrough pressure simultaneously compared with ***,simulations also indicate that micropillars have higher maximum equivalent stress at their bases,so that they are more prone to mechanical *** address contact angle hysteresis and mechanical durability issues by the creation of 3D printed microcell/nanoparticle arrays that demonstrate super-repellency and retain their super-repellency after 100 cycles of mechanical abrasion with a Scotch-Brite abrasive pad under a pressure of 1.2 *** use of interconnected microcell structures as opposed to micropillars addresses mechanical durability *** contact angle hysteresis is realized by coating 3D printed structures with low surface energy nanoparticles,which lowers the solid–liquid contact area *** results demonstrate new 3D printed structures with mechanical durability and super-repellency through the use of microcell structures integrated with fluorinated nanoparticles.

关键词： superomniphobicity three-dimensional(3D)printing surface evolver mechanical durability microcell re-entrant micropillar

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Additive manufacturing:technology,applications and research needs

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013年第3期8卷 215-243页

作者： Nannan GUO Ming C.leu Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409USA

Additive manufacturing(AM)technology has been researched and developed for more than 20 *** than removing materials,AM processes make three-dimensional parts directly from CAD models by adding materials layer by layer,offering the benefcial ability to build parts with geometric and material complexities that could not be produced by subtractive manufacturing *** intensive research over the past two decades,signifcant progress has been made in the development and commercialization of new and innovative AM processes,as well as numerous practical applications in aerospace,automotive,biomedical,energy and other *** paper reviews the main processes,materials and applications of the current AM technology and presents future research needs for this technology.

关键词： additive manufacturing (AM) AM processes AM materials AM applications

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