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Revolutionizing tumor immunotherapy:unleashing the power of progenitor exhausted T cells

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第6期21卷 499-512页

作者： Zhang fang Xinyi Ding Hao Huang Hongwei jiang Jingting jiang Xiao Zheng Department of Tumor Biological Treatment The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Institute for Cell Therapy of Soochow University The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University

In exploring persistent infections and malignancies, a distinctive subgroup of CD8+T cells, progenitor exhausted CD8+T（Tpex） cells, has been identified. These Tpex cells are notable for their remarkable self-renewal and rapid proliferation abilities. Recent strides in immunotherapy have demonstrated that Tpex cells expand and differentiate into responsive exhausted CD8+T cells, thus underscoring their critical role in the immunotherapeutic retort. Clinical examinations have further clarified a robust positive correlation between the proportional abundance of Tpex cells and enhanced clinical prognosis. Tpex cells have found noteworthy applications in the formulation of inventive immunotherapeutic approaches against tumors. This review describes the functions of Tpex cells in the tumor milieu, particularly their potential utility in tumor immunotherapy. Precisely directing Tpex cells may be essential to achieving successful outcomes in immunotherapy against tumors.

关键词： Progenitor exhausted CD8 T cells TCF-1 cellular crosstalk immunotherapy tumor microenvironment

The response of structure and nitrogen removal function of the biofilm on submerged macrophytes to high ammonium in constructed wetlands

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第8期142卷 129-141页

作者： Xue jiang Mengmeng Wang Shunqing Yang Di He Fei fang Liuyan Yang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Resources and Environment Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing 246133China

The ammonium exceedance discharge from sewage treatment plants has a great risk to the stable operation of subsequent constructed wetlands(CWs).The effects of high ammonium shocks on submerged macrophytes and epiphytic biofilms on the leaves of submerged macrophytes in CWs were rarely mentioned in previous studies.In this paper,the 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to investigate the variation of the microbial communities in biofilms on the leaves of Vallisneria natans plants while the growth characteristics of V.natans plants were measured at different initial ammonium concentrations.The results demonstrated that the total chlorophyll and soluble sugar synthesis of V.natans plants decreased by 51.45%and 57.16%,respectively,and malondialdehyde content increased threefold after8 days if the initial NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration was more than 5 mg/L.Algal density,bacterial quantity,dissolved oxygen,and pH increased with high ammonium shocks.The average removal efficiencies of total nitrogen and NH_(4)^(+)-N reached 73.26%and 83.94%,respectively.The heat map and relative abundance analysis represented that the relative abundances of phyla Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria,and Bacteroidetes increased.The numbers of autotrophic nitrifiers and heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrification(HNAD)bacteria expanded in biofilms.In particular,HNAD bacteria of Flavobacterium,Hydrogenophaga,Acidovorax,Acinetobacter,Pseudomonas,Aeromonas,and Azospira had higher abundances than autotrophic nitrifiers because there were organic matters secreted from declining leaves of V.natans plants.The analysis of the nitrogen metabolic pathway showed aerobic denitrification was the main nitrogen removal pathway.Thus,the nitrification and denitrification bacterial communities increased in epiphytic biofilms on submerged macrophytes in constructed wetlands while submerged macrophytes declined under ammonium shock loading.

关键词： Ammonium shock loading Biofilm Autotrophic nitrifiers Heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrification bacteria Submerged macrophyte

Ca_(2)MnO_(4)-layered perovskite modified by NaNO_(3)for chemical-looping oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期68卷 53-64页

作者： Weixiao Ding Kun Zhao Shican jiang Zhen Huang fang He College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541006China Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Chemical-looping oxidative dehydrogenation(CL-ODH)is a process designed for the conversion of alkanes into olefins through cyclic redox reactions,eliminating the need for gaseous O_(2).In this work,we investigated the use of Ca_(2)MnO_(4)-layered perovskites modified with NaNO_(3)dopants,serving as redox catalysts(also known as oxygen carriers),for the CL-ODH of-thane within a temperature range of 700-780℃.Our findings revealed that the incorporation of NaNO_(3)as a modifier significantly-nhanced the selectivity for-thylene generation from Ca_(2)MnO_(4).At 750℃and a gas hourly space velocity of 1300 h^(-1),we achieved an-thane conversion up to 68.17%,accompanied by a corresponding-thylene yield of 57.39%.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis unveiled that the doping NaNO_(3)onto Ca_(2)MnO_(4)not only played a role in reducing the oxidation state of Mn ions but also increased the lattice oxygen content of the redox catalyst.Furthermore,formation of NaNO_(3)shell on the surface of Ca_(2)MnO_(4)led to a reduction in the concentration of manganese sites and modulated the oxygen-releasing behavior in a step-wise manner.This modulation contributed significantly to the-nhanced selectivity for-thylene of the NaNO_(3)-doped Ca_(2)MnO_(4)catalyst.These findings provide compelling-vidence for the potential of Ca_(2)MnO_(4)-layered perovskites as promising redox catalysts in the context of CL-ODH reactions.

关键词： Chemical-looping oxidative dehydrogenation Ethane Ethylene NaNO_(3)-doped Ca_(2)MnO_(4)redox catalyst Layered perovskites

The CBL-interacting protein kinase OsCIPK1 phosphorylated by SAPK10 positively regulates responses to ABA and osmotic stress in rice

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 364-374页

作者： Caihua Qin Xing Fan Qianqian fang Lan Ni Mingyi jiang College of Life Sciences State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationKey Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production ManagementMinistry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina

SubclassⅢsucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2s(SnRK2s)function in ABA and abiotic stress responses by unknown mechanisms.We found that osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 10(SAPK10),a member of rice SnRK2s,physically interacted with CBL-interacting protein kinase 1(OsCIPK1).OsCIPK1 expression was up-regulated by ABA and PEG treatment,and overexpression increased the ABA sensitivity of seed germination and root growth and plant osmotic stress tolerance.Osmotic stress or ABA-induced activation of OsCIPK1 is dependent on SAPK10.SAPK10 phosphorylates Thr-24 of OsCIPK1 in vitro,and this phosphorylation increases the activity of OsCIPK1 and positively regulates the function of OsCIPK1 in ABA responses and plant osmotic stress tolerance.This study suggests that OsCIPK1 is a direct phosphorylated substrate of SAPK10,and SAPK10-mediated phosphorylation of OsCIPK1 functions in ABA signaling and increases rice osmotic stress tolerance.

关键词： Rice ABA Osmotic stress OsCIPK1 SAPK10

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The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 60-65页

作者： Yuqi Zou Yiting jiang Zitan Song Xiaobin fang Changqing Ding School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanz78464Germany Center for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior University of KonstanzKonstanz78464Germany School of Life Sciences Liaoning UniversityShenyang110036China Comparative Socioecology Group Max Planck Institute for Animal BehaviorKonstanz78467Germany

Animals must strike a balance between anti-predation behavior and other essential behaviors,such as foraging.Within the same species,strategies may vary on individuals’risk-taking preferences,and in this process the environment is a determinant,in addition to predator regime.The Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)exhibits such tendency.This is an endangered species,once inhabiting exclusively in China’s Qinling Mountain.This used to be the sole remaining wild population.However,over recent decades,this population has expanded.A portion has relocated to breed in the lower plain area,which is characterized by elevated level of human activities and landscape complexity.We used flight initiation distance(FID)as an indicator of the ibises’risk-taking preference,particularly their response to human proximity.Additionally,we examined the environmental factors influencing their foraging site selection,including altitude,terrain openness,human activity intensity and human construction.Our findings revealed a significantly shorter FID among individuals relocating to plain habitats,indicating a higher tolerance of human proximity.The results showed that FID decreased with distance to the nearest human settlement.Another finding is that FID was independent of instant human activity intensity and environmental factors(altitude and terrain openness).These different may arise from various combinations of human activity,predation risk,and food abundance within the two habitats.These results provide insights into the in situ conservation of the threatened species within the context of global urbanization.

关键词： Anti-predation behavior Flight initiation distance Habitat expansion Human activity Nipponia nippon

Experimental Study on the Molten Salt at Micron Scale during the Melting Process

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 70-85页

作者： TIAN Ziqian LIAO Zhirong XU Chao fang Yongzhe jiang Kaijun YUAN Mengdi Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System Ministry of Education of ChinaSchool of Energy Power and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

The investigation of the melting behaviors of the molten salt at micron scale during the melting process is critical for explaining the solid-liquid phase transition mechanism.In this paper,a novel experimental system and analysis method were proposed to study the melting process with three heating rates in the range of1-10℃/min of the solar salt at micron scale.The solid-liquid boundary morphology and phase transition kinetics of molten salt particles were focused on.Meanwhile,the correlations between liquid fraction,temperature and time under different heating rates were studied.The solid-liquid boundary morphology was depicted by the visualized experimental set-up,and the instantaneous liquid volume fraction during the non-isothermal phase transition was obtained.Then,the correlation between temperature and liquid volume fraction was proposed to reveal the evolution of the solid-liquid boundary with temperature at different heating rates.Furthermore,the non-isothermal phase transition kinetic equation was established by introducing a constant parameter(V_(a,b)),and more kinetic parameters such as 1g V_(a,b) and-lg V_(a,b)/b were studied.The results showed that the exponent b is not sensitive to the heating rate with a range of 3-5 for solar salt particles.However,the heating rate influences the value of V_(a,b) and presents a positive relationship.Besides,the non-isothermal phase transition kinetic equations at different heating rates in the range of 1-10℃/min can be quickly predicted by the proposed improved experimental test method.This study could fill the research insufficiency and provide significant guidance for future research on the solid-liquid transition mechanism of molten salts at micron scale.

关键词： molten salt non-isothermal phase transition solid-liquid boundary morphology liquid volume fraction micron scale melting process

miR-557 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and migration via downregulating CBX4

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BIOCELL 2024年第7期48卷 1071-1079页

作者： XULONG SUN WENTAO DING CHAO jiang ZHIAN fang Department of Orthopedics Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China Department of General Surgery Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200030China Department of Radiology Zhongda HospitalSoutheast University School of MedicineNanjing210009China

Introduction:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a prevalent malignancy,poses signiﬁcant challenges with high tumor heterogeneity and poor prognosis.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play a pivotal role in hepatocarcinogenesis.Although abnormalities in microRNA-557(miR-557)expression have been implicated in various cancer types,its role in HCC remains unclear.Therefore,there is a need to explore the function of microRNA-557 in HCC.Methods:Candidate miRNAs were identiﬁed through screening in GSE108724 and GSE20077.Real-time PCR was employed to analyze the expression level of miR-557 in hepatoma cell lines and tissues.Cell viability and migration assays were applied to assess the impact of miR-557 on HCC cell lines.Furthermore,the miR-557 target was predicted through three algorithms(Targetscan,miRWalk,and miRanda),and this was conﬁrmed through luciferase assay and Western blotting.Results:In this study,miR-557 was identiﬁed in two datasets and expressed at a low level in both hepatoma cell lines and tissues.Notably,high expression of miR-557 in HCC cells inhibited oncogenesis.Conversely,low expression of miR-557 enhanced tumor proliferation and migration.Polycomb chromobox 4(CBX4)was identiﬁed as a direct target of miR-557.Silencing CBX4 inﬂuenced the functional impact of miR-557 on HCC cell migration.Conclusion:Taken together,our study contributed to elucidating the hepatoma molecular heterogeneity and provided novel insights into miR-557 role and its target CBX4 in HCC,suggesting its potential as a future effectively druggable target for HCC intervention.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma miR-557 Chromobox 4 Hepatocarcinogenesis

High efficiency removal of NO using waste calcium carbide slag by facile KOH modification

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 182-192页

作者： fang Wang Hui Li Jiyun Gao Na Geng Enzhu jiang Futing Xia Mingwu Xiang Lijuan Jia Ping Ning School of Chemistry and Environment Yunnan Minzu UniversityKunming 650504China Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China

Waste calcium carbide slags(CS),which are widely applied to desulfurisation,are not typically used in denitration.Herein,to well achieve waste control by waste,a facile and highefficiency denitration strategy is developed using KOH to modify the calcium carbide slags(KCS).Various KCS samples were investigated using a series of physical and chemical characterisations.The performance test results showed that the KOH concentration and reaction temperature are the main factors affecting the denitration efficiency of KCS,and CS modified with 1.5 mol/L KOH(KCS-1.5)can achieve 100% denitration efficiency at 300℃.Such excellent removal efficiency is due to the catalytic oxidation of the oxygen-containing functional groups derived from the KCS.Further studies showed that KOH treatment significantly increased the concentration of oxygen vacancies,nitro compounds,and basic sites of CS.This study provides a novel strategy for the resource utilisation of waste CS in the future.

关键词： Waste Carbide slag KOH Effective denitration

Countermeasure against blinding attack for single-photon detectors in quantum key distribution

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第4期45卷 76-81页

作者： Lianjun jiang Dongdong Li Yuqiang fang Meisheng Zhao Ming Liu Zhilin Xie Yukang Zhao Yanlin Tang Wei jiang Houlin fang Rui Ma Lei Cheng Weifeng Yang Songtao Han Shibiao Tang QuantumCTek Co. Ltd.Hefei 230088China Shandong Institute of Quantum Science and Technology Co. Ltd.Jinan 250101China QuantumCTek(Beijing)Co. Ltd.Beijing 100193China School of Cyber Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Anhui Armed Police Force Hefei 230026China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

Quantum key distribution(QKD),rooted in quantum mechanics,offers information-theoretic security.However,practi-cal systems open security threats due to imperfections,notably bright-light blinding attacks targeting single-photon detectors.Here,we propose a concise,robust defense strategy for protecting single-photon detectors in QKD systems against blinding attacks.Our strategy uses a dual approach:detecting the bias current of the avalanche photodiode(APD)to defend against con-tinuous-wave blinding attacks,and monitoring the avalanche amplitude to protect against pulsed blinding attacks.By integrat-ing these two branches,the proposed solution effectively identifies and mitigates a wide range of bright light injection attempts,significantly enhancing the resilience of QKD systems against various bright-light blinding attacks.This method forti-fies the safeguards of quantum communications and offers a crucial contribution to the field of quantum information security.

关键词： quantum key distribution single photon detector blinding attack pulsed blinding attack countermeasure quan-tum communication