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Origin of Quartz Cement in the Paleogene Sandstone Reservoir of Shahejie Formation,Bohai Bay Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第1期96卷 248-260页

作者： Muhammad KASHIF CAO Yingchang Nizam Ud DIN Uzair SIDDIQUE XI Kelai faisal rehman Noor AHMED GU Xihao Mohammad Saleh GAGHMAN Department of Earth sciences University of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdaoShandong 266580China College of Earth sciences and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Marine Geology and Resources Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushanZhejiang 316021China Department of Earth sciences Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan

The precipitation of authigenic quartz plays a significant role to reduce the reservoir characteristics and enhance the stiffness of the *** Es_(1) sandstone of Shahejie Formation is acting as a significant hydrocarbon producing rock in the Nanpu *** methods like thin section petrography,cathodoluminescence(CL),scanning electron microscope(SEM,with EDS),and electron microprobe analysis has been used to reveal the origin of quartz cement as well as to evaluate the effect of quartz cement on reservoir *** studied sandstone is classified as immature to mature feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose and consists of quartz,feldspar,rock fragments and *** studies and SEM analysis shows that the authigenic quartz is acting a significant cement that reduces the reservoir *** clay minerals(kaolinite and mixed layer illite to smectite)are dominant in the Es_(1) sandstone,that can reduce the reservoir ***,CL and thin section analysis reveal that there are two stages of quartz cement in the studied samples;that are pore filling authigenic cement and quartz overgrowth *** inclusion homogenization temperatures shows that stages of quartz cement were developed with continuous process from 70℃ to 130℃.Quartz cements were generally originated from I/S reaction,feldspar dissolution,conversion of rock fragments and pressure *** dissolution(K-feldspar)and kaolinite to illite reaction is an insignificant silica source for the silica cement which is internally precipitated in a close system with diffusion transporting ***,quartz cement significantly enhance the rock strengthen and brittleness effectively as well as it reduce the overall reservoir quality.

关键词： origin authigenic quartz silica sources diffusion Shahejie Formation

Facies Analysis, Sequence Stratigraphy and Diagenetic Studies of the Jurassic Carbonates of the Kohat Basin, Northwest Pakistan: Reservoir Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第5期96卷 1673-1692页

作者： Emadullah KHAN Abbas Ali NASEEM Suleman KHAN Bilal WADOOD faisal rehman Maryam SALEEM Mubashir MEHMOOD Waqar AHMAD Zubair AHMED Tahir AZEEM Department of Earth Sciences Quaid-e-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Department of Geology Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Geology University of PeshawarPeshawar 24420Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 71006China Department of Geology University of SwabiSwabi 23561Pakistan Department of Earth&Environmental Sciences Bahria UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Earth&Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2R3Canada

The present study deals with the depositional facies, diagenetic processes and sequence stratigraphy of the shallow marine carbonates of the Samana Suk Formation, Kohat Basin, in order to elucidate its reservoir quality. The Samana Suk Formation consists of thin to thick-bedded, oolitic, bioclastic, dolomitic and fractured limestone. Based on the integration of outcrop, petrographic and biofacies analyses, the unit is thought to have been deposited on a gentle homoclinal ramp in peritidal, lagoonal and carbonate shoal settings. Frequent variations in microfacies based sea-level curve have revealed seven Transgressive Systems Tracts(TSTs) and six Regressive Systems Tracts(RSTs). The unit has undergone various stages of diagenetic processes, including mechanical and chemical compaction, cementation,micritization, dissolution and dolomitization. The petrographic analyses show the evolution of porosity in various depositional and diagenetic phases. The fenestral porosity was mainly developed in peritidal carbonates during deposition,while the burial dissolution and diagenetic dolomitization have greatly enhanced the reservoir potential of the rock unit, as is further confirmed by the plug porosity and permeability analyses. The porosities and permeabilities were higher in shoal facies deposited in TSTs, as compared to lagoonal and peritidal facies, except for the dolomite in mudstone, deposited during RSTs. Hence good, moderate and poor reservoir potential is suggested for shoal, lagoonal and peritidal facies,respectively.

关键词： porosity diagenesis reservoir Samana Suk Formation Kohat Basin

Seismic hazard assessment of Western Coastal Province of Saudi Arabia:deterministic approach

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Earthquake Science 2016年第5期29卷 299-309页

作者： faisal rehman Sherif M.El-Hady Ali H.Atef Hussein M.Harbi Department of Earth Sciences University of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan Geophysics Department King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Earthquake Department National Research Institute ofAstronomy and GeophysicsHelwanEgypt

Seismic hazard assessment is carried out by utilizing deterministic approach to evaluate the maximum expected earthquake ground motions along the Western Coastal Province of Saudi Arabia. The analysis is accomplished by incorporating seismotectonic source model, determination of earthquake magnitude （Mmax）, set of appropriate ground motion predictive equations （GMPE）, and logic tree sequence. The logic tree sequence is built up to assign weight to ground motion scaling relationships. Contour maps of ground acceleration are generated at different spectral periods. These maps show that the largest ground motion values are emerged in northern and southern regions of the western coastal province in Saudi Arabia in comparison with the central region.

关键词： Earthquakes Seismic hazard Logic tree Peak ground acceleration

MASW Survey with Fixed Receiver Geometry and CMP Cross-Correlation Technique for Data Processing: A Case Study of Wadi Fatima, Western Saudi Arabia

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Open Journal of Geology 2018年第5期8卷 463-473页

作者： faisal rehman Sherif M. El-Hady Muhammad faisal Hussein M. Harbi Muhammad Fahad Ullah Saifur rehman Muhammad Kashif Department of Earth Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Geophysics Faculty of Earth Sciences King Abdulaziz University Jeddah KSA Earthquake Department National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics Helwan Egypt Oil and Gas Development Company Limited Islamabad Pakistan China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China

Multichannel analysis of surface waves is a noninvasive technique for subsurface shear wave velocity imagining. This method is one of the most effective geophysical tools for geotechnical investigations. In this paper, we present multichannel surface wave data acquisition in a non-conventional manner in alluvium deposits. Fixed receiver and multi-source offset geometry were applied to obtain field data. The data processing comprised of generating CMP cross-correlated traces and then inversion to obtain dispersion curves. The inversion of dispersion curves is achieved by employing a genetic algorithm to obtain subsurface shear wave velocity. Finally, the one-dimensional shear wave models are obtained. The multi-source offset data acquisition with fixed receiver geometry technique in combination with CMP cross-correlation gathers for data processing worked in a quite efficient way to obtain subsurface shear wave model.

关键词： Shallow Geophysics Noninvasive Technique MASW Shear Wave Velocity Genetic Algorithm

Accurate Imputation for Relative Humidity over Pakistan Gathered from AQUA Satellite

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Open Journal of Geology 2018年第10期8卷 987-1001页

作者： Usman Saleem Mian Sohail Akram Muhammad Fahad Ullah faisal rehman Institute of Geology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Departments of Earth Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan

The relative humidity in the atmosphere captured by AQUA satellite contains missing matrices. In order to fill such missing values four very popular imputation techniques: Bilinear, Inverse Distance Weighting, Natural Neighbor and Nearest Interpolations were tested. Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Correlation Coefficient (Corr), were used to check the accuracy of these interpolations. It was found that the Inverse Distance Weighting and Nearest Interpolation were proved not to be suited. Natural interpolation gave accurate results than the aforementioned two interpolations. Missing values of relative humidity were accurately refilled with Bilinear Interpolation. This interpolation produced RMSE of ±0.543 for relative humidity over 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500 hPa while for 600, 700, 850 and 925 hPa RMSE remainnear to 1. A perfect fit to the surface and very strong correlation (value near to 0.99) was found between actual and imputed relative humidity data through Bilinear Interpolation. Therefore it was concluded that the Bilinear Interpolation is the most accurate and best imputation for missing values of relative humidity form 100 to 1000 hPa levels.

关键词： Imputation Humidity Aqua Satellite Pakistan

Sedimentology of Marl and Marly Limestone Sequence of Upper Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation from Northern Kalachitta Range, Attock Hazara Fold and Thrust Belt, Pakistan

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Open Journal of Geology 2019年第1期9卷 1-14页

作者： Saif Ur rehman Khalid Mehmood Muhammad Fahad Ullah Naveed Ahsan faisal rehman Tariq Mahmood Mahboob Ahmed Department of Earth Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Institute of Geology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Oil and Gas Development Corporation Limited Islamabad Pakistan

Upper Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation is well exposed in the Attock Hazara Fold and Thrust Belt (AHFTB) and shows significant lateral and vertical variations in lithology. The present work deals with the sedimentological studies of marl and marly limestone sequence of Kawagarh Formation exposed at the Bagh Neelab, Ghariala north and Sojhanda villages in Northern Kalachitta Range. Detailed petrographic studies of marly limestone and hard marl substrate show that planktons and oysters are the main skeletal constituents of studied samples and clay and detrital quartz mainly composed the non skeletal fraction. X-Ray diffraction analyses of selected marl samples confirm the petrographic data. On the basis of skeletal and non skeletal content, two microfacies—marl microfacies and Planktonic microfacies are constructed. The faunal content, their paleoecology and detrital content of microfacies suggest that marl and marly limestone sequence of Kawagarh Formation was deposited over the mid and outer ramp settings.

关键词： Attock Hazara Fold & Thrust Belt Fauna Kalachitta Range Microfacies Ramp

AQUA Satellite Data and Imputation of Geopotential Height: A Case Study for Pakistan

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Open Journal of Geology 2018年第10期8卷 1002-1018页

作者： Usman Saleem Mian Sohail Akram Muhammad Fahad Ullah faisal rehman Muhammad Riaz Khan Institute of Geology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Provincial Disaster Management Authority Project Implementation Unit Punjab Lahore Departments of Earth Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Pakistan Meteorological Department Flood Forecasting Division Lahore Pakistan

In current study an attempt is carried out by filling missing data of geopotiential height over Pakistan and identifying the optimum method for interpolation. In last thirteen years geopotential height values over were missing over Pakistan. These gaps are tried to be filled by interpolation Techniques. The techniques for interpolations included Bilinear interpolations [BI], Nearest Neighbor [NN], Natural [NI] and Inverse distance weighting [IDW]. These imputations were judged on the basis of performance parameters which include Root Mean Square Error [RMSE], Mean Absolute Error [MAE], Correlation Coefficient [Corr] and Coefficient of Determination [R2]. The NN and IDW interpolation Imputations were not precise and accurate. The Natural Neighbors and Bilinear interpolations immaculately fitted to the data set. A good correlation was found for Natural Neighbor interpolation imputations and perfectly fit to the surface of geopotential height. The root mean square error [maximum and minimum] values were ranges from ±5.10 to ±2.28 m respectively. However mean absolute error was near to 1. The validation of imputation revealed that NN interpolation produced more accurate results than BI. It can be concluded that Natural Interpolation was the best suited interpolation technique for filling missing data sets from AQUA satellite for geopotential height.

关键词： AIRX3STML Missing Data Imputations Missing Climatic Data Upper Air Temperature

Stability Evaluation of Slopes Using Kinematic and Limit Equilibrium Analyses in Seismically Active Balakot, KPK, Pakistan

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Open Journal of Geology 2019年第11期9卷 795-808页

作者： Mian Sohail Akram Muhammad Fahad Ullah faisal rehman Muhammad Ali Luqman Ahmed Assad Ali Gillani Institute of Geology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan Department of Earth Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Geological Survey of Pakistan Quetta Pakistan

The Northern segment of Pakistan, especially Balakot city is affected up to large extent by the landslides. Tectonically, it lies in the proximity of Hazara Kashmir Syntaxis and other two active regional faults: Main Boundary and Hazara Frontal Thrusts that traversing right through the Balakot town. This study focuses on the evaluation of slopes near Balakot town in static and pseudo-static condition. A geological map is produced at 1:24,000 scale to separate various rock and soil units. During reconnaissance study, two slopes were selected which seem prone to sliding. The procured data on condition of natural slope, properties of material entailed, structural setting, and vegetation cover distribution was gathered. Discontinuity Surveys of slopes were carried out to collect discontinuity parameters. Kinematic analyses were performed on DIPS v. 7.0 to assess mode of failures based on joints data. Limit equilibrium analyses were carried out at Slide v. 7.0 to check factor of safety at different conditions. The study concluded that the slopes were affected by the plane, wedge and toppling failures, while although in seismically active zone, circular failure is not likely.

关键词： Slope Stability Kinematic Analysis Limit Equilibrium Analysis Roc Science

Early channel transurethral resection of the prostate for patients with urinary retention after brachytherapy

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2014年第8期15卷 756-760页

作者： You-yun ZHANG Zhi-gen ZHANG Yan-lan YU Yi-cheng CHEN Kang-xin NI Ming-chao WANG Wei-ping ZHAO faisal rehman Shaw P.WAN Gong-hui LI Department of Urology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Department of Urology the First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan

Objective： It is recommended that transurethral resection of the prostate （TURP） after brachytherapy should not be performed at an early stage after implantation. Herein we report our experiences and the results of channel TURP （cTURP） within six months post-implant for patients with refractory urinary retention. Methods： One hundred and ninety patients with localized prostate cancer of clinical stages Tlc to T2c were treated by brachytherapy as monotherapy at our institution from February 2009 to July 2013. Nine patients who developed refractory urinary retention and underwent cTURP within six months after brachytherapy were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results： The median interval between prostate brachytherapy and cTURP was three months （range 1.5 to 5.0 months） There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications and no incontinence resulting from the surgery. All urinary retention was relieved per the American Brachytherapy Society urinary symptom score. With a mean follow-up time of 16 months （range 6 to 26 months） after cTURP, no patient experienced biochemical recurrence. The mean serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） of the patients who underwent cTURP was 0.42 ng/ml （range 0.08 to 0.83 ng/ml） at the end of their follow-up. Conclusions： Early cTURP was found to be safe and effective in relieving urinary retention after brachytherapy and could be performed without compromising its therapeutic efficacy.

关键词： Prostate cancer Brachytherapy Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)