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Why more research needs to be done on echinococcosis in Pakistan

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 786-790页

作者： Haroon ahmed shahzad Ali Muhammad Sohail Afzal Abid Ali Khan Hamid Raza Zaheer Hussain shah Sami Simsek Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology(CIIT)Park RoadChak ShahzadIslamabadPakistan Department of Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Firat23119ElazigTurkey Department of Wildlife and Ecology University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan Department of Chemistry School of ScienceUniversity of Management and Technology(UMT)LahorePakistan School of Science University of Management and Technology(UMT)LahorePakistan

Background:Echinococcosis has a worldwide geographical distribution with endemic foci on every inhabited *** to the frequent outbreaks in different parts of Pakistan in the recent past,echinococcosis is being described as a neglected tropical disease and is considered one of the most neglected parasitic diseases in the *** endemic regions,predominantly settings with limited resources,there are high numbers of echinococcosis patients,as these communities do not have access to appropriate *** Pakistan,there are limited reports on *** disease is prevalent in human and livestock,but this has not been sufficiently explored *** is an agricultural country and due to the disease’s zoonotic mode of transmission,there is a dire need of future research on *** present paper is an effort to highlight the importance of echinococcosis in ***:There is a dire need for future research on echinococcosis in Pakistan as very few investigations had been carried out on this topic thus *** prevalence of the disease in neighbouring countries highlights that Pakistan might be at severe risk of this zoonotic infection and further supports the need for more *** Pakistan,the majority of the population lives in rural areas with limited acess to proper hygienic/sanitary *** conditions favour the outbreak of diseases such as *** limited available data could result in higher outbreaks in the future,and thus cause the already weak healthcare system to *** country has a meagre annual budget for health,which is being spent on known infections such as polio,dengue fever and hepatic viral infections.A proper surveillance system for echinococcosis is required across the country as treatment is usually expensive,complicated and may require extensive surgery and/or prolonged drug *** of new/novel drugs and other treatment modalities receives very little,if any,***

关键词： Pakistan Echinococcosis Neglected tropical diseases Research

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Different Analytical Methods of Para-Phenylenediamine Based Hair Dye

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2013年第3期3卷 17-25页

作者： Hatem Abdel Moniem ahmed Ragaa Mohamed Abdel Maaboud Fathy fahim Abdul Latif Adel Mohamed Kamal El-Dean Kamal Mohamed El-Shaieb Eugenio Vilanova Carmen Estevan Chemistry De- partment Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut Egypt Department of Forensic Chemistry Faculty of Forensic Sciences Naif Arab University for Security Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt Institute of Bioengineering Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety University Miguel Hernández of Elche Elche Spain Institute of Bioengineering Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety University Miguel Hernández of Elche Elche Spain.

Many cases of toxicity and mortality either due to accidental or deliberate ingestion of hair dyes were reported in Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, India and Tunisia. In the field of forensic analytical toxicology, the identification and quantification of chemicals are essential in deaths related to intoxication. The aim of the present study is to conduct chemico-analytical characterization of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) based hair dye of (Black stone hair dye, SHD) currently used for dying hear in Egypt, to confirm the identification of its components, that may be potentially toxic on oral or dermal exposure, this study uses comparison between different analytical methods. The applied analytical methods were inductively coupled plasma/MS (ICP/MS), witch used to determine the metal components of the dye, high performance liquid chromatography/MS (HPLC/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of PPD in the dye. A derivatization method was applied by transforming PPD (aromatic amines) into corresponding imine derivatives. This compound was prepared by condensation of 4-methylbenzeneamine with benzaldehyed to give N-benzylidene-4-methylbenzene-amine, which is a very stable internal standard. ICP/MS analysis revealed that most metal components of hair dye are Be, Na, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zr, where HPLC/MS analysis revealed that PPD is the main ingredient of SHD. Derivatization is necessary for accurate determination of PPD in hair dye by GC/MS method and this results could not be obtained by direct injection of dye (without derivatization).

关键词： PPD PPD1 Stone Hair Dye ICP HPLC/MS and GC/MS

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Assessing the response of indigenous loquat cultivar Mardan to phytohormones for in vitro shoot proliferation and rooting

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2013年第9期14卷 774-784页

作者： Nadeem Akhtar ABBASI Tariq PERVAIZ Ishfaq ahmed HAFIZ Mehwish YASEEN Azhar HUSSAIN Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory Department of HorticulturePir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University

In vitro cultures of loquat cultivar Mardan were established using shoot apices after treating with NaOCl (5%,7%,10%,12%,14% (v/v)) for 12 min and HgCl2 (0.01%,0.05%,0.10%,0.20%,0.25% (w/v)) for 2 min.A maximum survival rate of 70% was recorded after surface sterilization with 10% *** response was assessed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with assorted combinations of the cytokinins,benzylaminopurine (BAP),kinetin,and N6-(2-isopentyl)adenine (2iP).Treatment of BAP 1.5 mg/L combined with 2iP 9.0 mg/L and kinetin 1.5 mg/L was found to be optimum for shoot morphogenesis in terms of the number and subsequent growth of shoots,while the highest shoot length was yielded by the combination of BAP 0.5 mg/L,kinetin 0.5 mg/L,and 2iP 3 mg/*** levels of cytokinins induced callogenesis,vitrification and stunted growth to some *** rhizogenesis,uniform sized micro-shoots were excised and transferred to half-strength MS medium containing *** best rooting expression was observed with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 1 mg/L combined with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 2 mg/L and paclobutrazol (PBZ) 1 mg/L.

关键词： Eriobotryajaponica Micropropagation Sterilization of Ioquat Plant growth regulator Shoot proliferation Rhizogenesis

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Evaluation of the Toxicity of Stone Hair Dye ＆ Paraphenylenediamine by MTT Bioassays in Vitro

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2010年第5期4卷 36-40页

作者： Hatem Abdel Moniem ahmed Fathy fahim Abdul Latif Adel Mohamed Kamal El-Dean Ragaa Mohamed Abdel Maaboud Kamal Mohamed EI-Shaieb Eugenio Vilanova Carmen Estevan Assiut Lab.of Medico-legal Department Ministry of JusticeAssuit BranchEgypt Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceMinia UniversityEI-Minia 61519Egypt Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516Egypt Department of Forensic Medicine&Toxicology Faculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516Egypt Institute of Bioengineering Unit of Toxicology and Chemical SafetyUniversity Miguel Hernhndez of Elche(Alicante)Spain

Para-phenylenediamine （PPD）, tile main toxic ingredients of hair dyes, have been used by millions of consumers to improve their appearance. Stone Hair Dye （SHD） mainly contain PPD. SHD and PPD were evaluated by 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazdium bromide or MTT assay, which measures mitochondria metabolism in the entire cell culture and provides information about the percentage of cell survival. Utilizing the MTT assay, the cytotoxicity of SHD and PPD was determining on SH Sy5y culture from nervous system of rat. The short term exposure SH Sy5y culture were incubated with various aqueous solutions of different concentrations of SHD and PPD, and the LC50 of SHD and para-phenylenediamine was found to be 9.15 and 12.4 mg/ml. With increasing the concentration, cytotoxicity effect increase in PPD and SHD. There is a significant differences （P〈0.01） of cytotoxicity among concentrations used. It concluded that in vitro assay could give important information of the mechanism of toxicity at low dosages.

关键词： SH-Sy5y cells SHD&PPD in vitro method MTT assay

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Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Presenting as IgA Nephropathy with Nephrotic Range Proteinuria

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2013年第2期3卷 101-103页

作者： Tajamul H. shah Ajaz N. Koul Sonaullah shah Umar H. Khan Parvaiz A. Koul Fayaz A. Sofi Mufti S. Rafi ahmed Jan Intrenal & Pulmonary Medicine Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medicine Srinagar India

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) is a disorder characterized by increased eosinophil count (eosinophilia) along with organ dysfunction secondary to organ infiltration of eosinophils and release of inflammatory markers [1-4], with no obvious cause for eosinophilia. The onset of symptoms is insidious in most of the cases and eosinophilia is detected incidentally. However, in others, the initial manifestations are severe and life-threatening due to the rapid evolution of cardiac or neurologic complications [5]. Renal involvement is rarely reported [6] in IHES. Herein we reported a case of IHES with predominant renal involvement as nephrotic syndrome with focal necrotizing IgA nephropathy.

关键词： Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Eosinophilia Renal Involvement Nephrotic Syndrome

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Screening Selected Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Genotypes for Yield Performance in Sindh, Pakistan

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Natural Science 2016年第2期8卷 53-65页

作者： Shoaib Gul Asghar Ali Rajper Fahad Ali Kalhoro Shamir Ali Kalhoro Amjad Ali Fayaz Ali shah Sajjad Raza Muneer ahmed Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam Pakistan Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water & Marine Sciences Lasbela Pakistan Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Yangling China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab Peshawar Pakistan

The present study was carried out during the year 2013-14 on the screening of the selected linseed genotypes for yield performance in Sindh, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out at the experimental fields of Oilseeds Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam in a three replicated randomized complete block design. Twelve linseed genotypes (L-53, C-W-2, Shikarpur 2, P-16-4, L-8, 11-106, Hala 3, L-17, Santane, Summit, L-10 and check llsi 90) were screened for their agronomic performance and correlations amongst yield and its contributing traits were calculated. The analysis of variance suggested significant (P -16-4 surpassed Ilsi-90 for primary branches;and most of the remaining genotypes were at par with the commercial check for primary branches. Genotype L-10 surpassed the commercial check for capsules plant-1 and L-8 was at par with the commercial check;while none of the genotypes could surpass commercial check variety for seed index, but 11-106, Hala-3 and Summit also showed promising performance regarding the seed index. All the genotypes tested in this experiment such as L-53, C-W-2, Shikarpur 2, P-16-4, L-8, 11-106, Hala 3, L-17, Santane, Summit, L-10 surpassed the commercial check variety Ilsi-90 for seed yield plot-1. The correlation coefficient for yield and its contributing traits of linseed genotypes showed a positive and significant (P -1 vs seed yield plant-1 (r = 0.3334*), days to maturity vs spike length (r = 0.5384**), days to 75% flowering vs days to 90% maturity (r = 0.4073**), days to 75% flowering vs seed index (r = 0.429

关键词： Selected Linseed

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Effect of Different Levels of Phosphorus and Method of Application on the Growth and Yield of Wheat

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Natural Science 2016年第7期8卷 305-314页

作者： shahzado Noonari shahmir Ali Kalhoro Amjad Ali Amanullah Mahar Sajjad Raza Muneer ahmed Syed Fayaz Ali shah Sana Ullah Baloch Department of Agronomy Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam Pakistan Institute of Soil & Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Yangling China Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Science Uthal Pakistan College of Natural Resources & Environment Northwest A&F University Yangling China Agricultural Research Institute (Tarnab) Peshawar Pakistan Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the productivity of wheat under different levels of phosphorus and method of application at Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. Experiment was laid out in a RCBD (factorial) with three replications. The treatments were four phosphorus levels (P1 = 0 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen, P2 = 30 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen, P3 = 60 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen and P4 = 90 Kg?ha–1 + Recommended Nitrogen) and two placement methods (A1 = Drilling method and A2 = Broadcast method). The statistical analysis of phosphorus levels and placement exhibited significant differences to the maturity days, plant height, tiller production, spike length, grains per spike, seed index, harvest index and grain yield ha–1. However, the interactions of P levels and placement in all crop characters were non-significant except the grain yield/ha–1. The results revealed that application of 90 kg P ha–1 prolonged 143 days for maturity, taller plants (100.16 cm), more tiller plant–1 (13.50), lengthy spikes (12.83 cm), more grains spike–1 (51.33), heavier seed index (48.16 g), better harvest index (50.82%) and satisfactory grain yield (4240.50 Kg?ha–1). The unit increase in grain yield was positively correlated with the increased values of observed crop parameters by extending the values of maturity r = 0.85, plant height r = 0.94, tillers plant r = 0.96, spike length r = 0.95, grains spik–1 r = 0.97, seed index r = 0.95 and harvest index r = 0.97. It was concluded that 90 kg P ha–1 was superior level of phosphorus if, applied with seed drilling for obtaining satisfactory grain yield of wheat crop.

关键词： Wheat Phosphorous Broadcasting Drilling Yield

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晚期视网膜母细胞瘤53例的临床挑战(英文)

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国际眼科杂志 2009年第2期9卷 227-230页

作者： Partab Rai Imtiaz Ali shah Ashok kumar Narsani Mahesh Kumar Lohana Muhammad Khan Memon Manzoor ahmed Memon Chandka医学院附属医院眼科巴基斯坦Larkana Liaquat大学眼科医院眼科巴基斯坦海德拉巴 Liaquat大学眼科医院诊断研究实验室巴基斯坦海德拉巴 Kalsoom Bai Valieka医院眼科巴基斯坦卡拉奇 Liaquat大学医学及健康科学院病理科巴基斯坦Jamshoro

目的:评价肿瘤的位置、大小、组织学以及复发率。方法:前瞻性研究Larkana的Chandka医学院附属医院眼科的53例组织学诊断为视网膜母细胞瘤患者,肿瘤侵及眼球、眼眶、颅内以及其他组织。为研究肿瘤广泛性,检查包括:眼眶X线片,眼球B超,眼... 详细信息

目的:评价肿瘤的位置、大小、组织学以及复发率。方法:前瞻性研究Larkana的Chandka医学院附属医院眼科的53例组织学诊断为视网膜母细胞瘤患者,肿瘤侵及眼球、眼眶、颅内以及其他组织。为研究肿瘤广泛性,检查包括:眼眶X线片,眼球B超,眼眶及头颅CT扫描/MRI,全骨扫描,胸部前后位X线片,腹部B超,腰椎穿刺,全血细胞计数,包括肝肾功能检查的血生化,根据肿瘤的位置、大小、复发及转移选择包括手术、局部放疗、系统化疗的治疗方案。有局部和系统转移的患者,由Larkana的核医学和放疗机构的肿瘤专家进行局部放疗和系统化疗。术后1,3,6,12mo复查随访,随后5a及5a以上,1a复查一次。评估肿瘤的位置、大小、组织类型和复发率。结果:患者53例,年龄8mo^8岁。男25例(47%),女28例(53%)。肿瘤的眼别,左眼25例(47%),右眼19例(36%),双眼9例(17%)。患者的首发症状,斜视3例(6%),假性眼内炎4例(8%),眼眶炎性假瘤6例(11%),转移性包块7例(13%),蕈样生长的包块8例(15%),白瞳征12例(23%),眼眶浸润13例(25%)。行单纯眼球摘除术19例(36%),行眼球摘除及改良型眶内容物剜除术并局部放疗和系统化疗19例(36%),行眼球摘除及完全型眶内容物剜除术并局部放疗和系统化疗15例(28%)。肿瘤的组织类型,含大量染色质的高分化视网膜母细胞瘤25例(47%),高度未分化视网膜母细胞瘤28例(53%)。首次手术后,由于手术切除点以上视神经受累,眼眶浸润和系统转移,发生复发和转移37例(70%)。结论:儿童红眼或白瞳征在确诊之前应怀疑视网膜母细胞瘤,应该及时经眼科专家检查,因为患者在肿瘤初期的早期表现提示会降低肿瘤的扩散、复发和死亡率。

关键词：晚期症状视网膜母细胞瘤挑战

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Response of Fodder Maize to Various Levels of Nitrogen and Phosphorus

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第15期5卷 2323-2329页

作者： Aziz Khan Fazal Munsif Kashif Akhtar Muhammad Zahir Afridi Zahoor Zahoor Ahmad shah Fahad Rizwan Ullah Faheem ahmed Khan Mairaj Din Crop Physiology and Production Center (CPPC) National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Cultivation Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Department of Agronomy The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Key Lab of Vegetable and Plant Diseases Hubei Province Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology (MOE) Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in the Mid-dle Reaches of the Yangtze River Hauzhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Moecular Biology Lab College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) are of the most important and complex nutrients for the crop plants in particular for grain yield and quality. The field trials were laid out in randomized complete block design having three replications. Research trial plots were located at Agricultural Research Farm of Agricultural University Peshawar (Ameer Mohammad Khan Campus Mardan) during kharif season in 2012 to investigate the response of maize variety (Jalal) to three phosphorus rates (60, 90 and 120 kg·ha-1) and four nitrogen rates (90, 120, 150, 180 kg·ha-1) for agronomical traits. These traits investigated included number of plant per m2 (NP m2), plant height (PH), number of leaves plant-1 (NLP), leaf area plant-1·cm2 (LAP), fresh weight of plants kg·ha-1 (FW) and dry weight of plant kg·ha-1 (DW), were investigated. Results of the study showed that application of N @ 180 and P @ 120 kg·ha-1 significantly increased fodder yield of maize. The linear increase in biomass yield clearly indicated that N was a limiting nutrient factor and that N demand along with P has a positive response. At higher application rates, N fertilizer significantly increased biomass component, improved N uptake with increasing nitrogen use efficiency and decreased its losses to the environment and below plant zone. So this study showed that the phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers have a positive effect on the fodder yield of maize.

关键词： Fodder Maize Nitrogen Phosphorus

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Ethnopharmacological evaluation and antioxidant activity of some important herbs used in traditional medicines

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第5期36卷 689-694页

作者： Sofia Rashid Mushtaq Ahmad Muhammad Zafar Asad Anwar Shazia Sultana shahzadi Tabassum Sidra Nisar ahmed Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) University of Arid Agriculture

OBJECTIVE: To document the indigenous knowledge and evaluate the antioxidant activity of medicinal herbs used for treatment of various ***: The ethnomedicinal data were collected through semi-structured interviews of local informants along with collection of herbarium specimens. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging ***: A total of 12 important medicinal herbs were evaluated for ethnomedicinal uses and antioxidant activity. Medicinal plant diversity showed that Solanaceae was the dominating family(3 spp.),followed by Asteraceae and Lamiaceae(both 2spp.). Leaves(31%) were most frequently used in preparation of traditional medicines, and the most recommended mode of preparation was powder(28%). The antioxidant results revealed that thehighest activity was found in Atropa acuminata and Crocus ***: The results of this study proved that A. accuminata and C. sativus can be the excellent sources of antioxidant compounds. A sustainable use and conservation of the valuable natural resource greatly promote the development of functional food additives and cosmetics.

关键词： Plants medicinal Medicine Traditional Antioxidants Ethnopharmacology

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