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文学批评中“人类世”的四个论点

东北亚外语研究 2024年第3期12卷 85-93,120页

作者： [日]芳贺浩一陈世华(译) 徐诗云(译) 城西国际大学国际人文学部日本千叶283-8555 南京工业大学外国语言文学学院江苏南京211816

诺贝尔化学奖得主大气化学家保罗·克鲁岑,首次提出“人类世”概念,用以描述人类成为影响地球环境主要力量的时代。克鲁岑认为“人类世”始于18世纪后半叶的工业革命,于2002年《自然》杂志发表该观点后,不仅引起科学界的广泛关注,也深... 详细信息

诺贝尔化学奖得主大气化学家保罗·克鲁岑,首次提出“人类世”概念,用以描述人类成为影响地球环境主要力量的时代。克鲁岑认为“人类世”始于18世纪后半叶的工业革命,于2002年《自然》杂志发表该观点后,不仅引起科学界的广泛关注,也深刻影响了历史和文学领域。本文将考察“人类世”概念在文学批评,特别是在生态批评领域中的接受与批评,主要围绕“人类”“替代概念”“尺度”“后殖民”四个核心论点展开,以期明确当前文学批评正在直面何种课题。

关键词：人类世生态批评文学批评

Comparing mass screening techniques for gastric cancer in Japan

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第30期12卷 4873-4874页

作者： Atsushi Tashiro Masatoshi Sano koichi Kinameri Kazutaka Fujita Yutaka Takeuchi Niigata Public Health and Sanitation Center Niigata 951-8550 Japan Committee of Gastric Cancer Screening Niigata City Medical Association Niigata 951-8131 Japan Committee of Gastric Cancer Screening Niigata City Medical Association Niigata 951-8131 Japan

AIM： To discuss the efficacy of endoscopic mass screening for gastric cancer.METHODS： The data used in this study were the results of mass screening programs for gastric cancer in Niigata City from 2002 to 2004. The number of participants was 35089 in 2002, 34557 in 2003 and 36600 in 2004. The finding ratio referred to the final diagnosis of gastric cancer after a double check of endoscopic files and histological findings. The costs of identifying one case of gastric cancer were calculated based on the total expense for each screening program and additional close examinations. RESULTS： From the analysis of individual screening program with endoscopy, individual screening program with X-ray （ISX） and mass screening program with photofluorography （MSP） in reference to the finding ratio of gastric cancer, endoscopic examination was the best for detecting early gastric cancer, the finding ratio was 0.87% in 2004, approximately 2.7 and 4.6 times higher than those of the ISX and MSP groups. In addition, this novel method was the cheapest means regarding the cost of identifying one case of gastric cancer, which was estimated to be 1608000 Japanese yen in 2004. CONCLUSION： Endoscopic mass screening is a promising method and can be effectively applied if a sufficient number of skilled endoscopists become available to staff the system and if city offices support it.

关键词： Mass screening Gastric cancer Endoscopy Cost effectiveness

New approaches for precise response evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第12期20卷 3059-3068页

作者： koichi Hayano Jorge M Fuentes-Orrego Dushyant V Sahani Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital

With the increasing clinical use of cytostatic and novel biologic targeted agents,conventional morphologic tumor burden assessments,including World Health Organization criteria and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors,are confronting limitations because of their difficulties in distinguishing viable tumor from necrotic or fibrotic ***,the investigation for reliable quantitative biomarkers of therapeutic response such as metabolic imaging or functional imaging has been *** this review,we will discuss the conventional and new approaches to assess tumor *** targeted therapy or locoregional therapies can induce biological changes much earlier than morphological changes,these functional tumor burden analyses are very ***,some of them have not gone thorough all steps for standardization and ***,these new techniques and criteria will play an important role in the cancer management,and provide each patient more tailored therapy.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma World Health Organization criteria Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors European Association for the Study of Liver Computed tomography perfusion Dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging Diffusion-weighted imaging Positron emission tomography

Bangkok to Sendai and Beyond: Implications for Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 177-188页

作者： Ranit Chatterjee koichi Shiwaku Rajarshi Das Gupta Genta Nakano Rajib Shaw Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies Kyoto University

The recently concluded World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction(WCDRR) in Sendai, Japan and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction2015–2030(SFDRR) have set renewed priorities for disaster risk reduction(DRR) for the next 15 years. Due to Asia’s high exposure to natural hazards, the implications of the new SFDRR have major significance for the future development of the region. The 6th Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction(AMCDRR), held in Bangkok in 2014, was a regional preparatory meeting for the WCDRR, and proposed various targets and indicators for DRR in Asia. The AMCDRR recommended inclusion of these goals in the SFDRR. This study focuses on the WCDRR negotiations, particularly outcomes that affect four major groups: local authorities; children and youth;science and technology; and business and industry. An analysis is undertaken of the overlaps and gaps in the outcomes of the 6th AMCDRR and other preceding conferences that fed into the WCDRR. A set of recommendations has evolved from this examination for consideration at the upcoming 7th AMCDRR in 2016. The areas that merit consideration in the upcoming AMCDRR2016 are:(1) development of baseline data and quantitative indicators for monitoring progress in DRR;(2) creation of a common stakeholder platform;(3) construction of city typologies for consideration in all future local level planning;(4) promotion of a culture of safety by linking large enterprises with small and medium enterprises; and(5) exchange and sharing of information and databases between regions at all scales.

关键词： Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction Bangkok Disaster risk reduction Sendai World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

Perioperative intensive insulin therapy using artificial endocrine pancreas in patients undergoing pancreatectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第33期15卷 4111-4115页

作者： Hiromichi Maeda Takehiro Okabayashi Tomoaki Yatabe koichi Yamashita Kazuhiro Hanazaki Department of Surgery Kochi Medical SchoolKochi University Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Kochi Medical SchoolKochi University

Perioperative glycemic control is important for reducing postoperative infectious complications. However, clinical trials have shown that efforts to maintain normoglycemia in intensive care unit patients result in deviation of glucose levels from the optimal range, and frequent attacks of hypoglycemia. Tight glycemic control is even more challenging in those undergoing pancreatic resection. Removal of lesions and surrounding normal pancreatic tissue often cause hormone deficiencies that lead to the destruction of glucose homeostasis, which is termed pancreatogenic diabetes. Pancreatogenic diabetes is characterized by the occurrence of hyperglycemia and iatrogenic severe hypoglycemia, which adversely effects patient recovery. Postoperatively, a variety of factors including surgical stress, inflammatory cytokines, sympathomimetic drug therapy, and aggressive nutritional support can also affect glycemic control. This review discusses the endocrine aspects of pancreatic resection and highlights postoperative glycemic control using a closed-loop system or artificial pancreas. In previous experiments, we have demonstrated the reliability of the artificial pancreas in dogs with total pancreatectomy, and its postoperative clinical use has been shown to be effectiveand safe, without the occurrence of hypoglycemic episodes, even in patients after total pancreatectomy. Considering the increasing requirement for tight perioperative glycemic control and the recognized risk of hypoglycemia, we propose the use of an artificial endocrine pancreas that is able to monitor continuously blood glucose concentrations with proven accuracy, and administer automatically substances to return blood glucose concentration to the optimal narrow range.

关键词： Blood glucose Diabetes mellitus Hyperglycemia Pancreas Artificial Pancreatectomy

Development of Mental Health Literacy Scale for Depression Affecting the Help-Seeking Process in Health Professional Students

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2021年第3期23卷 331-352页

作者： Soshi Kodama koichi Shido Nozomu Ikeda School of Rehabilitation Sciences Health Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaido061-0293Japan School of Nursing and Social Services Health Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaido061-0293Japan School of Health Sciences Sapporo Medical UniversityHokkaido060-8556Japan

Despite depression being a global mental health disorder,many people with depression do not seek psychiatric *** particular,it has been reported that only 15.7%of medical students seek treatment.A longer duration of untreated illness(DUI)leads to clinically poor *** shorten the DUI,the mental health literacy(MHL)with regard to depression needs to be improved,although it is unclear which MHL components will improve the help-seeking ***,the existing MHL scale for depression is poorly validated for structural ***,the purpose of this study was to develop an MHL scale for depression with verified reliability and validity(particularly structural validity)and verify its relationship with the help-seeking *** this purpose,we adapted the mixed research ***,we conducted a systematic literature review on MHL scales for depression to prepare a draft scale with content ***,we conducted semi-structured interviews on MHL with outpatients with ***,78 questions on MHL for depression were ***,to develop our scale,we verified the reliability and validity of these questions with 782 health professional *** sample size was 780 and data collection was performed by collective survey *** was conducted in 2018 in *** verify the factor structure,exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were *** also examined the internal consistency,test-retest reliability,and criterion-related *** exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure(recognition of depression symptoms,helpseeking preferences,and depression onset possibility)with 10 *** to the confirmatory factor analysis results,the goodness of fit indicators had a good *** internal consistency,test-retest reliability,and criterion-related validity had good ***,the relationship between the MHL of depression and other factors affecting the help-seeking process was

关键词： Depression health literacy psychometrics secondary prevention

A modified θ projection model for constant load creep curves-Ⅱ.Application of creep life prediction

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第4期35卷 687-694页

作者： Chao Fu Yadong Chen Xiaofei Yuan Sammy Tin Stoichko Antonov koichi Yagi Qiang Feng Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and MaterialsUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Mechanical Materials& Aerospace EngineeringIllinois Institute of Technology National Center for Materials Service Safety University of Science and Technology Beijing

To minimize the deviation of the predicted creep curves obtained under constant load conditions by the original θ projection model, a new modified version that can be expressed by ε = θ_1(1-e^(-θ2t)) +θ3 (e^(θ_4e^θ5^εt)-1), was derived and experimentally validated in our last study. In the present study, the predictive capability of the modified θ projection model was investigated by comparing the simulated and experimentally determined creep curves of K465 and DZ125 superalloys over a range of temperatures and stresses. Furthermore, the linear relationship between creep temperature and initial stress was extended to the 5-parameter model. The results indicated that the modified model could be used as a creep life prediction method, as it described the creep curve shape and resulted in predictions that fall within a specified error interval. Meanwhile, this modified model provides a more accurate way of describing creep curves under constant load conditions. The limitations and future direction of the modified model were also discussed. In addition, this modified θ projection model shows great potential for the evaluation and assessment of the service safety of structural materials used in components governed by creep deformation.

关键词： Superalloy Constant load creep Modified θ projection model Uniform deformation stage Prediction performance

Effect of Pre-cold Rolling-Induced Twins and Subsequent Precipitated x-Phase on Mechanical Properties in a β-Type Ti–Mo Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2018年第6期31卷 604-614页

作者： Li Xiang Xiao-Hua Min Xin Ji Satoshi Emura Cong-Qian Cheng koichi Tsuchiya School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Research Center for Structural Materials National Institute for Materials Science

This paper reported an effectiveness of pre-cold rolling-induced{332}／113[twins combined with subsequent isothermal x-phase formation for enhancement of uniform elongation in a b-type Ti–15Mo alloy with high yield strength ***{332}／113[twins were induced by cold rolling with an thickness reduction of 5%,which had little effect on x-phase precipitation after aging at 573 K for 3.6 *** after the cold rolling was further activated during tensile deformation,even with the presence of isothermal *** combination of twins and x-phase enhanced uniform elongation from 0 to 9%at yield strength level of 890 *** high yield strength was mainly dominated by dislocation slip due to the isothermal x-phase formation,and early onset of plastic instability after yielding was hindered due to the pre-cold rolling-induced *** microstructural refinement was induced by further twinning activation during deformation,which resulted in high work hardening rate corresponding enhancement of uniform elongation.

关键词： β-Type titanium alloy Pre-cold rolling Twinning deformation Isothermal x-phase Strength-ductility

Microarray Analysis of the Developing Rat Mandible

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2007年第6期39卷 399-405页

作者： Hideo KABURAGI Naoyuki SUGANO Maiko OSHIKAWA Ryosuke KOSHI Naoki SENDA Kazuhiro KAWAMOTO koichi ITO Department of Periodontology. Nihon University School of Dentistry Tokyo 101-8310 Japan Department of Periodontology. Nihon University School of Dentistry Tokyo 101-8310 Japan Division of Advanced Dental Treatment Dental Research Center Nihon University School of Dentistry Tokyo 101-8310 Japan Department of Periodontology. Nihon University School of Dentistry Tokyo 101-8310 JapanDivision of Advanced Dental Treatment Dental Research Center

To analyze the molecular events that occur in the developing mandible, we examined the expression of 8803 genes from samples taken at different time points during rat postnatal mandible development. Total RNA was extracted from the mandibles of 1-day-old, 1-week-old, and 2-week-old rats. Complementary RNA (cRNA) was synthesized from cDNA and biotinylated. Fragmented cRNA was hybridized to RGU34A GeneChip arrays. Among the 8803 genes tested, 4344 were detectable. We identified 148 genes with significantly increased expression, and 19 genes with significantly decreased expression. A comprehensive analysis appears to be an effective method of studying the complex process of development.

关键词： gene expression microarray rat mandible