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Insensitivity of a turbulent laser-plasma dynamo to initial conditions

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第4期7卷 50-64页

作者： A.f.A.Bott L.Chen P.Tzeferacos C.A.J.Palmer A.R.Bell R.Bingham A.Birkel D.h.froula J.Katz M.W.Kunz C.-K.Li h-s.Park R.Petrasso J.s.Ross B.Reville D.Ryu f.h.séguin T.G.White A.A.schekochihin D.Q.Lamb G.Gregori Department of Physics University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom Department of Astrophysical sciences University of PrincetonPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14627USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14623USA school of Mathematics and Physics Queens University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ChiltonDidcotUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowUnited Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik HeidelbergGermany Department of Physics School of Natural SciencesUNISTUlsanSouth Korea Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois 60637USA

It has recently been demonstrated experimentally that a turbulent plasma created by the collision of two inhomogeneous,asymmetric,weakly magnetized,laser-produced plasma jets can generate strong stochastic magnetic fields via the small-scale turbulent dynamo mechanism,provided the magnetic Reynolds number of the plasma is sufficiently *** this paper,we compare such a plasma with one arising from two pre-magnetized plasma jets whose creation is identical save for the addition of a strong external magnetic field imposed by a pulsed magnetic field *** investigate the differences between the two turbulent systems using a Thomson-scattering diagnostic,x-ray selfemission imaging,and proton *** Thomson-scattering spectra and x-ray images suggest that the external magnetic field has a limited effect on the plasma dynamics in the *** the external magnetic field induces collimation of the flows in the colliding plasma jets and although the initial strengths of the magnetic fields arising from the interaction between the colliding jets are significantly larger as a result of the external field,the energies and morphologies of the stochastic magnetic fields post-amplification are *** conclude that,for turbulent laser-plasmas with supercritical magnetic Reynolds numbers,the dynamo-amplified magnetic fields are determined by the turbulent dynamics rather than the seed fields or modest changes in the initial flow dynamics of the plasma,a finding consistent with theoretical expectations and simulations of turbulent dynamos.

关键词： turbulent initial stochastic

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A Comprehensive Review on Charging Topologies and Power Electronic Converter solutions for Electric Vehicles

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 675-694页

作者： Abdelfatah Ali hossam h.h.Mousa Mostafa f.shaaban Maher A.Azzouz Ahmed s.A.Awad the Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah26666 SharjahUnited Arab Emirates the Department of Electrical Engineering South Valley University83523 QenaEgypt the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WindsorWindsorON N9B 3P4 Canada Electrical Engineering Department Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat123Oman

Electric vehicles(EVs)are becoming more popular worldwide due to environmental concerns,fuel security,and price *** performance of EVs relies on the energy stored in their batteries,which can be charged using either AC(slow)or DC(fast)***,EVs can also be used as mobile power storage devices using vehicle-to-grid(V2G)*** electronic converters(PECs)have a constructive role in EV applications,both in charging EVs and in ***,this paper comprehensively investigates the state of the art of EV charging topologies and PEC solutions for EV *** examines PECs from the point of view of their classifications,configurations,control approaches,and future research prospects and their impacts on power *** can be classified into various topologies:DC-DC converters,AC-DC converters,DC-AC converters,and AC-AC *** address the limitations of traditional DC-DC converters such as switching losses,size,and high-electromagnetic interference(EMI),resonant converters and multiport converters are being used in high-voltage EV ***,power-train converters have been modified for high-efficiency and reliability in EV *** paper offers an overview of charging topologies,PECs,challenges with solutions,and future trends in the field of the EV charging station applications.

关键词： Charging station charging topology electric vehicle power electronic converter vehicle-to-grid

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All-electron basis sets for h to Xe specific for ZORA calculations:Applications in atoms and molecules

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第8期33卷 238-246页

作者： C.s.Gomes f.E.Jorge A.Canal Neto Departamento de fisica Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo29075-910 VitoriaESBrazil Departamento de fisica Instituto de Ciencias Exatas e BiologicasUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto Campus Universitario Morro do Cruzeiro35402-136 Ouro PretoMGBrazil

A segmented basis set of quadruple zeta valence quality plus polarization functions(QZP)for h through Xe was developed to be used in conjunction with the ZORA *** set was augmented with diffuse functions to describe electrons farther away from the nuclei *** the ZORA-CCsD(T)/QZP-ZORA theoretical model,atomic ionization energies and bond lengths,harmonic vibrational frequencies,and atomization energies of some molecules were *** addition of core-valence corrections has been shown to improve the agreement between theoretical and experimental results for molecular *** atomization energies,a similar observation emerges when considering spin-orbit *** the augmented QZP-ZORA set,static mean dipole polarizabilities of a set of atoms were calculated and compared with previously published recommended and experimental *** evaluations of the ZORA and Douglas–Kroll–hess hamiltonians were made for each property studied.

关键词： QZP-ZORA and AQZP-ZORA basis sets elements from h to Xe CCsD(T)method atomic and molecular properties

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fast efficient photon deceleration in plasmas by using two laser pulses at different frequencies

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 11-18页

作者： Y.X.Wang X.L.Zhu s.M.Weng P.Li X.f.Li h.Ai h.R.Pan Z.M.sheng Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(moe) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of IfsA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Research Center of Laser fusion of China Academy of Engineering Physics MianyangSichuan 621900China state key Laboratory of high field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Tsung-dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the mid-infrared(mid-IR)to terahertz(Thz)range is of interest for applications in a number of fields,from fundamental research to biology and *** conventional laser technology,photon deceleration in plasma wakes provides an alternative approach to the generation of ultrashort mid-IR or Thz ***,we present a photon deceleration scheme for the efficient generation of ultrashort mid-IR or Thz pulses by using an intense driver laser pulse with a relatively short wavelength and a signal laser pulse with a relatively long *** signal pulse trails the driver pulse with an appropriate time delay such that it sits at the front of the second wake bubble that is driven by the driver *** to its relatively long wavelength,the signal pulse will be subjected to a large gradient of the refractive index in the plasma wake ***,the photon deceleration in the plasma wake becomes faster and more efficient for signal pulses with longer *** greatly enhances the capacity and efficiency of photon deceleration in the generation of ultrashort high-power light sources in the long-wavelength IR and Thz spectral ranges.

关键词： laser ultrashort photon

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Microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with different prestrain levels

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 80-93页

作者： Y.h.Zhang h.Li Z.W.Yang X.Liu Q.f.Gu state Key Laboratory of solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China shaanxi Key Laboratory of high-Performance Precision forming Technology and Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy(sMA)is a promising material in the aerospace field due to its wide transformation *** application of shape memory effect depends on multistep thermomechan-ical loading,viz.,low-temperature deformation and subsequent heating to ***-temperature deformation prestrain plays a pivotal role in shape memory properties tailoring of sMA ***,microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)sMA subjected to vari-ous prestrain levels are still *** this end,microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with prestrain levels of 8%-16%at-28℃(M_(s)+30℃)were *** results demonstrate that the stress-strain curve of the specimen exhibits four distinct stages at a maximal prestrain of 16%.Whereas stageⅡand stageⅢend at prestrains of∼8%and∼12%,*** stageⅡ,the stress-induced martensitic transformation is accompanied by the dislocation slip of the NiTi matrix andβ-Nb *** stageⅢ,in addition to the higher density of dislocations and further growth of stress-induced martensite variants(sIMVs),(001)compound twins are introduced as a result of the(001)deformation twinning in stress-induced ***{20-1}martensite twins are gradually introduced in stageⅣ.Correspondingly,after subsequent unloading and heating,a higher density of{114}austenite twins form in the specimen with a larger prestrain of 16%.With increasing prestrain from 8%to 16%,the recoverable strainε_(re)^(T)upon heating increases first and then ***ε_(re)^(T)obtains a maximum of 7.03%at 10%prestrain and de-creases to 6.17%at 16%*** increase ofε_(re)^(T)can be attributed to the formation of new sIMVs,the further growth of existing sIMVs,and the recoverable(001)compound *** the decrease ofε_(re)^(T)is mainly associated with the irrecoverable strain by{20−1}martensite *** effe

关键词： Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy Wide transformation hysteresis Thermomechanical loading Microstructure evolution shape memory behaviors stress-induced martensitic transformation Deformation twinning

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Connections Between Induction Generator Effect and Open-loop Modal Proximity to Cause sub-synchronous Oscillations in series-compensated Power system

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CsEE Journal of Power and Energy systems 2024年第3期10卷 963-973页

作者： Wenjuan Du Yang Wang h.f.Wang Tao Zhao Tim Littler College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengduChina school of Electrical Engineering the Queen’s University of BelfastBelfastUK IEEE

The induction generator effect(IGE)and the openloop modal proximity(OLMP)are two different reasons why subsynchronous oscillations(ssOs)in a series-compensated power system(sCPs)may *** IGE attributes the growing ssOs to negative resistance,while the OLMP explains the ssO mechanism from the standpoint of modal *** this paper,we investigate the connections between the IGE and the OLMP through equivalent RLC circuit and open-loop modal *** investigation is conducted for two types of seriescompensated power systems where either a synchronous generator or a DfIG is connected at the sending *** investigation reveals the conditions,in which the IGE and the OLMP may jointly cause the growing ssOs,i.e.,both the IGE and the OLMP can explain why the growing ssOs ***,the investigation indicates that the IGE and the OLMP may be totally irrelevant and lead to growing ssOs *** implies that it is possible that in a sCPs,the growing ssOs are only due to the IGE,and the OLMP is non-existent,and vice ***,when the growing ssOs occurs in a sCPs,examination based on both the IGE and the OLMP should be carefully conducted in order to find if the oscillatory instability is due to the IGE,or the OLMP,or both of them.

关键词： Induction generator effect open-loop modal proximity series compensation sub-synchronous oscillations

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MgO-attached graphene nanosheet(MgO@GNs)reinforced magnesium matrix nanocomposite with superior mechanical,corrosion and biological performance

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第9期31卷 2062-2076页

作者： s.Abazari A.shamsipur h.R.Bakhsheshi-Rad M.s.soheilirad f.Khorashadizade s.s.Mirhosseini Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Amirkabir University of TechnologyTehran ***Iran Iranian National standards Organization of hormozgan HormozganIran Advanced Materials Research Center Department of Materials EngineeringNajafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabadIran Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Iran University of Science and TechnologyTehranIran

Magnesium(Mg)alloys are gaining great consideration as body implant materials due to their high biodegradability and ***,they suffer from low corrosion resistance and antibacterial *** this research,semi-powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion was utilized to produce the magnesium oxide@graphene nanosheets/magnesium(MgO@GNs/Mg)composite to improve mechanical,corrosion and cytocompatibility *** have revealed that the incorporation of MgO@GNs nanohybrids into Mg-based composite enhanced microhardness and compressive *** vitro,osteoblast cell culture tests show that using MgO@GNs nanohybrid fillers enhances osteoblast adhesion and apatite *** presence of MgO@GNs nanoparticles in the composites decreased the opening defects,micro-cracks and micro-pores of the composites thus preventing the penetration of the corrosive solution into the *** demonstrated that the MgO@GNs/Mg composite possesses excellent antibacterial properties because of the combination of the release of MgO and physical damage to bacterium membranes caused by the sharp edges of graphene nanosheets that can effectively damage the cell wall thereby facilitating penetration into the bacterial lipid ***,the MgO@GNs/Mg composite with high mechanical strength,antibacterial activity and corrosion resistance is considered to be a promising material for load-bearing implant applications.

关键词： metal matrix composites MgO@GNs nanohybrid strengthening mechanisms antibacterial activity biocompatibility

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spalling characteristics of high-temperature treated granitic rock at different strain rates

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1280-1288页

作者： L.f.fan Q.h.Yang X.L.Du The Key Laboratory of Urban security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

The dynamic spalling characteristics of rock are important for stability analysis in rock *** paper presented an experimental investigation on the dynamic spalling characteristics of granite with different temperatures and strain rates.A series of dynamic spalling tests with different impact velocities were conducted on thermally treated granite at different *** dynamic spalling strengths of granite with different temperatures and strain rates were determined.A model was proposed to correlate the dynamic spalling strength of granite,high temperature and strain *** results show that the spalling strength of granite decreases with increasing ***,the spalling strength of granite with a higher strain rate is larger than that with a lower strain *** proposed model can describe the relationship among dynamic spalling strength of granite,high temperature and strain rate.

关键词： Dynamic spalling characteristics high temperature strain rate Dynamic loading Granite

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Mitigating Urban heat Island Effects: A Review of Innovative Pavement Technologies and Integrated solutions

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structural Durability & health Monitoring 2024年第5期18卷 525-551页

作者： s.f.Ismael A.h.Alias N.A.haron B.B.Zaidan Abdulrahman M.Abdulghani Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Central Region Heavy Civil DivisionGranite ConstructionWoodlandsTexas77381USA sP Jain school of Global Management LidcombeSydneyNSW2141Australia Department of Communication Technology and Network Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urban *** analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously evaluating their socio-economic and environmental impacts,with a particular emphasis on their role in mitigating the urban heat island *** evaluation of pavement types and variables inﬂuencing pavement performance to be used in the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)framework to choose the optimal pavement application are at the heart of our *** serves to assess a spectrum of pavement options,revealing insights into the most effective and sustainable *** highlighting both the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within theﬁeld,this paper aims to offer a directional compass for future urban planning and infrastructural *** review not only synthesizes the current state of knowledge but also aims to chart a course for future exploration,emphasizing the critical need for innovative and environmentally sensitive pavement tech-nologies in the creation of resilient and sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Pavement sustainability urban heat island environmental impact of pavements innovative pavement solutions economic and social implications sustainable development in urban areas

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Response Evaluation Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Unresectable Advanced hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapy

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Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 2024年第1期50卷 142-149页

作者： Zhao C.-K. Guan X. Pu Y.-Y. Zhou B.-Y. Wang L.-f. sun Y.-K. Yin h.-h. Xia h.-s. Wang X. han h. Xu h.-X. Department of Ultrasound Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging Shanghai China Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultrasound Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

Objective: The aim of the work described here was to evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUs) in response evaluation for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (hCC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody therapy. Methods: A prospective cohort of consecutive patients with hCC who received combined TKI/anti-PD-1 antibody treatment for unresectable hCC between January 2022 and October 2022 was included in this study. The patients underwent unenhanced ultrasound (Us) and CEUs examinations before treatment and at follow-up. Changes in the largest diameters of the target tumor on unenhanced Us and the largest diameters of the enhancing target tumors on CEUs were evaluated. Response Evaluation Criteria in solid Tumors (RECIsT) version 1.1 with unenhanced Us and magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT) and modified RECIsT (mRECIsT) with CEUs and CEMRI/CT were used to assess treatment response. Results: A total of 24 hCC patients (23 men and 1 woman; mean age: 56.5 ± 8.5 y; Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C, 62.5%; 29 intrahepatic target tumors) were studied. Calculations of degree of necrosis in the target tumors revealed no significant differences between CEUs and CEMRI/CT (44.5 ± 36.2% vs. 45.3 ± 36.8%, p = 0.862). As for the differentiation of responders from non-responders, the agreement between RECIsT version 1.1 of unenhanced Us and mRECIsT-CEUs was poor (κ coefficient = 0.233). Meanwhile, there was a high degree of concordance between mRECIsT-CEUs and mRECIsT-CEMRI/CT (κ coefficient = 0.812). Conclusion: CEUs proved to be superior to baseline Us and is comparable to CEMRI/CT in defining treatment outcome for combined TKI/anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. © 2023 World federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

关键词： Anti-angiogenic therapy Anti-PD-1 antibody Contrast-enhanced ultrasound hepatocellular carcinoma

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