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中国陆区大规模成矿的地球动力学:以夕卡岩型金矿为例

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地学前缘 2004年第1期11卷 57-83页

作者：陈衍景陈华勇 K.ZAW f.pirajno 张增杰北京大学地球与空间科学学院地质学系加拿大皇后大学地质科学与工程系塔斯马尼亚大学矿床研究中心中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所北京100037

系统总结了中国不同构造单元 70个夕卡岩型金矿床的基本地质特征 ,其中 1个为超大型、1 9个大型和 2 4个中型矿床 ,总储量超过 1 0 0 0t,占全国探明储量的约 2 0 % ,表明夕卡岩型金矿是我国最重要金矿类型之一 ,值得今后地质研究和勘探... 详细信息

系统总结了中国不同构造单元 70个夕卡岩型金矿床的基本地质特征 ,其中 1个为超大型、1 9个大型和 2 4个中型矿床 ,总储量超过 1 0 0 0t,占全国探明储量的约 2 0 % ,表明夕卡岩型金矿是我国最重要金矿类型之一 ,值得今后地质研究和勘探工作重视。通过编制中国夕卡岩型金矿分布图 ,发现它们产于碰撞造山带、断裂岩浆带和活化克拉通边缘等 3类地区 ,所有夕卡岩型金矿集中区均受到显生宙陆陆碰撞的影响。通过对各成矿省夕卡岩型金矿和相关热液矿床及花岗岩类的同位素年龄统计 ,结合地质分析 ,发现中国夕卡岩型金矿的形成时间总晚于各成矿省最晚一次的洋盆闭合或陆陆碰撞的开始时间 ,约滞后 5 0Ma ,因此排除了它们形成于大洋板块俯冲所致的岩浆弧背景的可能性 ;通过联系各成矿省地质构造演化与碰撞造山带 p T t轨迹 ,确定各成矿省成矿作用和花岗岩浆作用均爆发于陆陆碰撞过程挤压伸展转变期的减压升温体制 ,而不是碰撞后。基于碰撞造山带构造几何和造山机制。

关键词：夕卡岩型金矿大规模成矿作用碰撞造山作用挤压-伸展转变期 CMf模式

矿产勘查中矿床模型、区域构造与成矿规律研究的成就和挑战

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国土资源科技进展 2000年第3期 7-17页

作者： f.pirajno 施俊法崔霖沛

近三十年来，地质和矿业界取得了巨大进展，产生了众多思路，这些思路已直接和间接有效地运用到找矿实践中。

关键词：矿产勘查矿床模型区域构造成矿规律

纳米比亚达马拉造山带中部远源矽卡岩型金矿化

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国外铀金地质 1993年第1期10卷 34-38页

作者： f.pirajno R.E.Jacob V.f.W.Petzel 周德安核工业北京地质研究院 100029

在Karabib地区,热液金矿化产于以大理岩为主岩的岩石中。金属元素分带随着距花岗岩源岩的距离而增大,呈Cu-Au-Bi-W到As-Cu-Au形式产出。提出了矿石形成的多期作用过程,包括火山-沉积单元的同生富集,区域变质作用和花岗岩定位。

关键词：金矿化矽卡岩型造山带金矿床

The Early-Middle Triassic Supervolcano in the Yangtze Block,South China and associated obstacles to biotic recovery

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Geoscience frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 69-83页

作者： Haifeng Chen Hao Zou MSantosh Huawen Cao franco pirajno Changcheng Huang Mingcai Hou State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengduSichuan 610059China College of Earth Science Chengdu University of TechnologyChengduSichuan 610059China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Yonsei frontier Lab Yonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Centre of Exploration Targeting The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia

The end-Permian mass extinction was one of the major global crises spanning the entire Early Triassic or *** of volcanos were one of the factors that delayed the biotic recovery after this *** eruptions can cause catastrophic effects on global environment,climate,and *** we investigate the tuff layers from Early-Middle Triassic boundary in the Yangtze Block and identify a supervolcano eruption *** zircon U-Pb ages of the section-Langdai,section-Daijiagou and section-Longmendong tuff samples are 247.1±1.9 Ma,247.6±2.0 Ma and 247.7±1.7 Ma,*** ages mark the Olenekian-Anisian *** zircon grains from the tuff layers have negativeεHf(t)(-15.3 to-0.8),two-stage Hf model(TDM2)ages(1.7 to 2.2 Ga)and display high-δ18O values(mostly>10‰).Clay minerals and quartz dominate the rock *** whole rock compositions show that the tuff layers were derived from magma of intermediate to felsic composition,which formed by the remelting of Paleoproterozoic materials of continental *** volcanic eruption site is located in the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Song Ma suture zone in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block.A combination of the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean Basin and the collision of the Indochina Block and South China contributed to the eruption,which was a supervolcano eruption under the active continental margin arc *** speculate that this supervolcano eruption might have contributed to the delayed biotic recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction.

关键词： Early-Middle Triassic Tuff layer Supervolcano Yangtze Block Biotic recovery

Subaerial hot springs and near-surface hydrothermal mineral systems past and present,and possible extraterrestrial analogues

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Geoscience frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1549-1569页

作者： franco pirajno Centre for Exploration Targeting(CET) The University of Western Australia35Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA6009Australia

The principal features,geotectonic settings and association with near-surface hydrothermal mineral systems of ancient and present subaerial hot springs,fumaroles and geysers are herein *** and geysers usually occur in volcanic craters and are in most cases,part and parcel of hot spring *** hot springs are characterised by siliceous-and carbonate-rich chemical sediments,such as sinters and travertines,*** are commonly enriched in various metalliferous *** springs surface discharges are also characterised by pools,which exhibit bright colours due to the presence of ***-day examples discussed in this paper,include the fumaroles and hot springs of the White Island volcano(New Zealand),the world-renowned Yellowstone caldera(USA)and the Afar region of the East African Rift *** Afar triangle,in the northern part of East African Rift System,provides a good example of hot springs associated with evaporative *** Tuli-Sabi-Lebombo triple junction rifts were formed during the^180 Ma Karoo igneous event in southern Africa,of which the Tuli arm is the failed rift(aulacogen),as is the Afar *** Tuli rift is effectively an unusual,if not unique,tectono-thermal setting,because it comprises Karoo-age hot springs systems and associated vein stockworks and breccias,which includes the Messina Cu deposit as well as currently active hot springs with sinter deposits probably due to post-Karoo *** pipes in ignimbrites of the Erongo Volcano-Plutonic Complex in Namibia are *** is followed by an example of banded chert rocks in the Killara formation of the Palaeoproterozoic Capricorn Orogen(Western Australia),interpreted as hot spring chemical sediments,which also show evidence of"fossil"microbial *** paper ends with a brief overview of possible analogues of hot springs on planet Mars.

关键词： Subaerial hot springs fumaroles Chemical sediments Hydrothermal systems Afar Erongo volcano-plutonic complex

Textures, trace element compositions, and sulfur isotopes of pyrite from the Honghai volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit:Implications for ore genesis and mineral exploration

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第4期66卷 738-764页

作者： Zhiyuan SUN Xiaohua DENG franco pirajno School of Resources and Civil Engineering Suzhou UniversitySuzhou 234000China Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources Co. Ltd.Beijing 100012China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of EducationSchool of Earth Science and ResourcesChang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China Centre for Exploration Targeting School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6008Australia

In this paper, we present textures, trace element compositions, and sulfur isotope data for pyrite from the Honghai volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit to place new constraints on the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids and provide insights into the ore genesis with implications for future exploration. The Honghai deposit consists of upper lenticular ores comprising massive sulfides that are underlain by stockwork and disseminated sulfides. The textural and isotopic characteristics of the synsedimentary framboidal pyrite(Syn-Py) indicate its formation by biogenetic processes. Coarse-grained pyrite generations(M-Py1, M-Py2, and M-Py3) from the massive sulfides have high Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sb, and Tl concentrations and low Co, Se, Te, Ti, and Sn concentrations, indicating that they precipitated from metal-rich, low-to intermediate-temperature,oxidizing fluids. The high Te, Ti, and Sn concentrations and high Co/Ni ratios in the massive pyrite(M-Py4) associated with magnetite in the massive sulfide lenses, as well as the high Ti, V, Cr, and Ni concentrations and low Al, Mn, and Zn concentrations in the magnetite, suggest that the coexisting M-Py4 and magnetite precipitated under oxidizing and hightemperature(300℃ to 500℃) conditions. In contrast, pyrite grains from the underlying stockwork and veins(V-Py1, V-Py2, and V-Py3) are characterized by low Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sb, and Tl concentrations coupled with high Co, Se, Te, and Ti concentrations and high Co/Ni ratios, which are interpreted in terms of reducing and high-temperature ore-forming fluids. The large variations in δ^(34)S values from-6.4‰ to +29.9‰ suggest that the ore-forming fluids were derived from magmatic source that were significantly modified by seawater. The spatial variations of trace element assemblages of pyrite from different levels of the main massive orebodies can be used as an indicator for mineral exploration of Cu-Zn ores in the Honghai *** no significant difference in

关键词： Pyrite Trace element compositions Sulfur isotopes Ore-forming fluids Honghai volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit

fluidization: An Important Process in the formation of the Qiyugou Au-bearing Breccia Pipes in Central China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第2期81卷 226-238页

作者： ZHANG Yuanhou ZHANG Shihong franco pirajno College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130061 China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Geological Survey of Western Australia 100 Plain Street Perth WA6004 Australia

fluidization processes based on experiments are reviewed to gain some useful insights and comparisons with those that occur in hydrothermal systems. field and petrographic work, and microscope observation were carried out on samples from the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes from the East Qinling region, Henan Province. Evidence from macro- and micro-textures suggests that the style of breccias in the Qiyugou area can be grouped into three types：（1） jigsaw fit-stockwork texture, in which the interval between clasts is marked by fractures or filled with calcite or quartz veins; （2） larger breccias that are supported by smaller breccias, rock flour and alteration materials; in this type clasts moved over short distances, creating open spaces; （3） fluidized texture, where the clasts of different lithologies have rounded shapes. These observations are compared with those resulting from experiments on fluidization processes. The results of this comparison suggest that fluidization is an important geological process in the formation of the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes and gold mineralization. In addition, fluidization processes such as expansion, bubbling, slugging, channeling and spouting must have contributed to the formation of the pipes and were conducive to the development of gold mineralization. In the Qiyugou breccia pipes, gold mineralization occurs as disseminations, in stockwork veins, and open space infills. The ore zones form subparallel sheets that are nearly perpendicular to the walls of the pipes.

关键词： fluidization breccia pipe gold mineralization Qiyugou Cretaceous Henan Qinling China

SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating of Alkaline Dykes in the Pobei Area,Beishan Rift,Xinjiang Autonomous Region,China:Implications for Tectonic Setting and Mantle Plume Events

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第4期86卷 879-884页

作者： MAO Jingwen franco pirajno ZHANG Zuoheng WAN Yusheng MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Geological Survey of Western Australia 100 Plain StreetEast PerthWA 6004Australia MLR key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

In the Beishan rift in the eastern Tianshan orogen, Xinjiang Province, a N-S-trending dyke swarm is present in the Pobei area. The swarm cuts through the 270-290 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions associated with Ni-Cu sulphide mineralization. These mafic-ultramafic intrusions are typically found along E-W major faults in the Tianshan orogenic belts. We report SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from a dyke of alkaline composition, which yielded a mean age of 252~9 Ma. Alkaline dykes of the same age are found in the Altay region of Siberia. This age is younger than the 270-290 Ma intraplate magmatic events that produced the mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the region, but in general agreement with the 250-260 Ma Permian plume event that gave rise to the Siberian traps and the Emeishan flood basalts in SW China. We suggest that there is a link between the Emeishan event and the dyke swarm in the Beishan rift and that the intraplate magmatism at 270-290 Ma reflects an early stage of mantle plume activity. The N-S trending dyke swarm in the Beishan rift may represent a later stage in the evolution of mantle plume activity in the NW and SW of China. We also speculate that in Beishan rift and possibly elsewhere in the Tianshan region, the dykes fed basaltic volcanism, whose products have since been eroded due to the strong uplift of the Tianshan orogen as a result of the IndiaEurasia collision in the Cenozoic.

关键词： Alkaline dykes SHRIMP tectonic setting mantle plume China

Besshi-type mineral systems in the Palaeoproterozoic Bryah Rift-Basin, Capricorn Orogen, Western Australia： Implications for tectonic setting and geodynamic evolution

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Geoscience frontiers 2016年第3期7卷 345-357页

作者： franco pirajno Yanjing Chen Nuo Li Chao Li Limin Zhou Centre for Exploration Targeting University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia Key Laboratory of Orogen and Crust Evolution Peking University Beijing 100871 China Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumcli 830011 China National Research Center for Geoanalysis Beijing 100037 China

In this contribution we use VMS mineral systems in the Bryah rift-basin to constrain the tectonic setting of the widespread mafic and ultramafic magmatism that characterises the rift-basin in *** distinct,but temporally closely associated,lithostratigraphic sequences,Narracoota and Karalundi formations,are *** Karalundi formation is the main host of VMS mineral systems in the *** Karalundi formation consists of turbiditic and immature clastic sediments,which are locally intercalated with basaltic hyaloclastites,dolerites and banded *** propose that the basaltic hyaloclastites,dolerites and elastics and jaspilites rocks,form a distinct unit of the Karalundi formation,named Noonyereena *** VMS mineral systems occur near the north-east trendingJenkin fault and comprise the giant and world-class DeCrussa and the Red Bore *** nature of these deposits and their intimate association with terrigenous clastic rocks and dominantly marine mafic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks,as well as the common development of peperitic margins,are considered indicative of a Besshi-type environment,similar to that of present-day Gulf of *** Re-Os age data from a primary pyrite yielded a mean model age of 2012 ± 48 Ma,which coincides（within error） with recent published Re-Os data（Hawke et al.,2015） and confirms the timing of the proposed geodynamic *** propose a geodynamic model that attempts to explain the presence of the Narracoota and Karalundi formations as the result of mantle plume activity,which began with early uplift of continental crust with intraplate volcanism,followed by early stages of rifting with the deposition of the Karalundi formation（and Noonyereena Member）,which led to the formation of Besshi-type VMS *** on-going mantle plume activity and early stages of continental separation,an oceanic plateau was formed and is now represented by mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Narracoota formation.

关键词： Bryah rift-basin DeGrussa VMS Narracoota and Karalundi formations Besshi-type deposit Geodynamic model