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生态文明建设中的植物学：现在与未来——中国植物学会第十五届会员代表大会暨八十周年学术年会

作者： Airong Li Kaiyun Guan Xiaolin Sui Yan Chen Sally E.smith f.andrew smith Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Soil group School of Agriculture Food and Wine The University of Adelaide Australia

Pedicularis L. (Orobanchaceae) is a large lineage of root hemiparasitic plants, consisting of about 600 described species widely distributed in temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, and best represented (>352 species) in the mountains of SW China. Pedicularis has great ornamental values with striking corolla shapes and colors. In addition, some species have special pharmacological effects and have been used as medicinal herbs. Unfortunately, Pedicularis has been known for difficulty in cultivation and its utilization is greatly hindered. What makes things worse is that some species are threatened or endangered and are in dire need of immediate protection. On the other hand, some Pedicularis species (e.g. P. kansuensis) are undergoing rapid spatial expansion and strongly influencing plant community structures and productivity in the ecosystems that they occur. Plant resource utilization as well as plant biodiversity conservation calls for a better understanding of basic biology of Pedicularis, particularly their interactions with host plants and other biotic and abiotic factors. However, despite that parasitic habit of Pedicularis has been known since 1847, investigation on parasitism of Pedicularis has been rare. To our knowledge, the small number of studies (mostly very preliminarily) on the parasitic biology of Pedicularis are exclusively on European or American species. Parasitic biology of Chinese Pedicualris species and their interactions with environmental factors have hardly been documented. Our research interests in Pedicularis are broad within the areas of understanding their parasitic biology and their interactions with other biotic and abiotic factors. Particularly, we are keen to research into the following aspects concerning the root hemiparasites: 1) host dependency and selectivity and relevant mechanisms;2) tripartite interactions among Pedicularis, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their host plants from a nutritional perspective;3) plastic

关键词： root hemiparasitic plant Orobanchaceae Pedicularis underground interaction host plant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi nutrient supply spatial expansion.

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Aboveground carbon sequestration of Cunninghamia lanceolata forests:Magnitude and drivers

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forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 32-41页

作者： Chen Wang Shuguang Liu Yu Zhu andrew R.smith Ying Ning Deming Deng National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of forestry&Ecology in South China Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Conservation and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin Ministry of Natural ResourcesChangsha 410007China College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China School of Ecology and Environment Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK College of forestry Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Hunan Prospecting Designing&Research General Institute for Agriculture Forestry&IndustryChangsha 410007China

Understanding the spatial variation,temporal changes,and their underlying driving forces of carbon sequestration in various forests is of great importance for understanding the carbon cycle and carbon management *** carbon density and sequestration in various Cunninghamia lanceolata forests,extensively cultivated for timber production in subtropical China,vary with biodiversity,forest structure,environment,and cultural factors remain poorly explored,presenting a critical knowledge gap for realizing carbon sequestration supply potential through *** on a large-scale database of 449 permanent forest inventory plots,we quantified the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of aboveground carbon densities and carbon accumulation rates in Cunninghamia lanceolate forests in Hunan Province,China,and attributed the contributions of stand structure,environmental,and management factors to the heterogeneity using quantile age-sequence analysis,partial least squares path modeling(PLS-PM),and hot-spot *** results showed lower values of carbon density and sequestration on average,in comparison with other forests in the same climate zone(i.e.,subtropics),with pronounced spatial and temporal ***,quantile regression analysis using carbon accumulation rates along an age sequence showed large differences in carbon sequestration rates among underperformed and outperformed forests(0.50 and 1.80 Mg·ha^(-1)·yr^(-1)).PLS-PM demonstrated that maximum DBH and stand density were the main crucial drivers of aboveground carbon density from young to mature ***,species diversity and geotopographic factors were the significant factors causing the large discrepancy in aboveground carbon density change between low-and high-carbon-bearing *** analysis revealed the importance of culture attributes in shaping the geospatial patterns of carbon *** work highlighted that retaining largesized DBH trees and increasing shade-t

关键词： Carbon density Carbon accumulation rate forest age Spatial variation Cultural influence

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Combatting anthrax outbreaks across Nigeria's national land borders: need to optimize surveillance with epidemiological surveys

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 100-100页

作者： Hammed O.Mogaji Babatunde Adewale Stella I.smith Ehimario U.Igumbor Chidumebi J.Idemili andrew W.Taylor-Robinson Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven USA Parasitology and Epidemiology Unit Federal University Oye-Ekiti Oye-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Public Health and Epidemiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Infectious Disease Research Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Public Health Walter Sisulu University Mthatha South Africa Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto Canada College of Health Sciences Vin University Hanoi Vietnam Center for Global Health Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA

Background Anthrax is a non-contagious zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-positive,spore-forming bac-terium Bacillus *** is common in livestock and wild animals such as cattle,goats,sheep,camels,and *** humans,anthrax may occur after contact with contaminated carcasses or animal products like milk and *** best method to prevent anthrax in people is to ensure livestock are vaccinated,which significantly limits the risk of zoonotic spread to ***,the rate of vaccination of domesticated animals kept by nomadic pastoralists in West Africa is *** groups regularly cross over national boundaries with their grazing *** is a country that historically has done comparatively well to contain this public health ***,in 2023 several outbreaks of human disease appear linked to the consumption of anthrax-contaminated animal products brought into Nigeria by pastoralists from neighboring *** manifestations include skin sores or ulcers,nausea,vomiting,and *** article aims to raise awareness of recent outbreaks of anthrax in West Africa and to callfor a renewed focus on measures to combat this neglected public health concern to the *** body The imperative to pinpoint pivotal issues relating to the ongoing emergence of anthrax cases in Nigeria cannot be *** delving into the prevalence of anthrax in both livestock and human populations residing along Nigeria's borders,unraveling the genetic diversity and potential sources of *** strains,and identify-ing the primary animal host(s)responsible for transmission,we stand to enhance our understanding of this critical ***,investigating the multifaceted factors contributing to anthrax transmission,assessing community knowledge and practices,mapping common migratory routes of pastoralists,and formulating targeted interven-tion strategies tailored to the challenges of border communities,are each crucial steps towards eff

关键词： border Combat doubt

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Effect of Hind Leg Morphology on Performance of a Canine-inspired Quadrupedal Robot

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2015年第3期12卷 339-351页

作者： James andrew smith Jamil Jivraj Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON Canada

Biomimetic leg designs often appear to be arbitrarily chosen. To make a more objective choice regarding biomimetic leg configuration for small canine-inspired robots, we compare one hind leg to the same leg arranged in a different orientation, and show that the less biomimetic leg provides better performance. This differently-oriented leg design, which we call ＂transverse-mirrored＂ was more efficient and faster, both in simulation and experiment even though both leg configurations used the same passive and active components, rest angles, and monoartieular knee spring. In experiments the normal configuration had a maximum speed of 0.33 m·s^-1 and a specific resistance of 5.1. Conversely, the less biomimetic transverse-mirrored configuration had a maximum speed of 0.4 m·s^-1 and specific resistance of 3.9. Therefore the transverse-mirrored leg＇s best performance yields a 21% increase in speed and 24% decrease in specific resistance when compared to the best performance achieved in the normal biomimetic leg. The major underlying reason is that the knee spring engages more readily in the transverse-mirrored configuration, resulting in this faster and more efficient locomotion. The conclusion is that simply copying from nature does not lead to optimal performance and that insight into the role played by passive design components on natural locomotory dynamics is important.

关键词： biomimetic legged robot quadruped leg design walking legged locomotion

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Effects of Glomus mosseae on the toxicity of heavy metals to Vicia faba

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期18卷 721-726页

作者： ZHANG Xu-hong LIN Ai-jun CHEN Bao-dong WANG You-shan smith Sally E smith f.andrew Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Department of Environmental Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China Lab of Soil and Microbe Department of Plant Nutrition and Resource Agriculture and Forestry Academy of Beijing Beijing 100089 China Soil and Land Systems School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia

A glasshouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on the growth of Vicia faba and toxicity induced by heavy metals （HMs）（Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd） in a field soil contaminated by a mixture of these metals. There was also uninoculation treatment （NM） simultaneously. Mycorrhizal （GM） plants have significantly increased growth and tolerance to toxicity induced by heavy metals compared with NM plants. P uptake was significantly increased in GM plants. Mycorrhizal symbiosis reduced the transportation of HMs fi＇om root to shoot by immobilizing HMs in the mycorrhizal, shown by increasing the ratios of HMs from root to shoot. Oxidative stress, which can induce DNA damage, is an important mechanism of heavy metal toxicity. GM treatment decreased oxidative stress by intricating antioxidative systems such as peroxidases and non-enzymic systems including soluble protein. The DNA damage induced by heavy metals was detected using comet assay, which showed DNA damage in the plants was decreased by the GM treatment.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMf) metal contamination metal toxicity DNA damage

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Challenges in Understanding Genome-Wide DNA Methylation

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2010年第1期25卷 26-34页

作者：张伟奇 andrew D. smith Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor Bioinformatics Division TNLIST and MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics Tsinghua University Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California

DNA methylation is a chemical modification of the bases in genomes. This modification, most frequently found at CpG dinucleotides in eukaryotes, has been identified as having multiple critical functions in broad and diverse species of animals and plants, while mysteriously appears to be lacking from several other well-studied species. DNA methylation has well known and important roles in genome stability and defense, its pattern change highly correlates with gene regulation. Much evidence has linked abnormal DNA methylation to human diseases. Most prominently, aberrant DNA methylation is a common feature of cancer genomes. Elucidating the precise functions of DNA methylation therefore has great biomedical significance. Here we provide an update on large-scale experimental technologies for detecting DNA methylation on a genomic scale. We also discuss new prospect and challenges that computational biologist will face when analyzing DNA methylation data.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenome computational epigenomics

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A Scalable Testing framework for Location-Based Services

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第2期24卷 386-404页

作者： Jiang Yu andrew Tappenden James Miller Michael smith University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2E1 Canada University of Calgary Calgary T2N 1N4 Canada

A novel testing framework for location based services is introduced. In particular, the paper showcases a novel architecture for such a framework. The implementation of the framework illustrates both the functionality and the feasibility of the framework proposed and the utility of the architecture. The new framework is evaluated through comparison to several other methodologies currently available for the testing of location-based applications. A case study is presented in which the testing framework was applied to a typical mobile service tracking system. It is concluded that the proposed testing framework achieves the best coverage of the entire location based service testing problem of the currently available methodologies; being equipped to test the widest array of application attributes and allowing for the automation of testing activities.

关键词： location based applications location-based services M-commerce software testing

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Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第10期19卷 1245-1251页

作者： XIA Yun-sheng CHEN Bao-dong CHRISTIE Peter smith f.andrew WANG You-shan LI Xiao-lin College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China Department of Soil Environmental Science Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beifing 100085 China Agricultural and Environmental Science Department Queen＇s University Belfast Belfast BT9 5PX UK Soil and Land Systems School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Waite Campus The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia Institute of Plant Nutrition and resources Beijing Municiple Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Belting 100097 China

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungus （Glomus mosseae） and phosphorus （P） addition （100 mg/kg soil） on arsenic （As） uptake by maize plants （Zea mays L.） from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment. Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included. Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As, P, and other nutrients, AM colonization, root lengths, and hyphal length densities were determined. The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium. Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments, but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application. AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added, and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition, respectively. Shoot and root uptake of P, Mn, Cu, and Zn increased, but shoot fe uptake decreased by 44.6%, with inoculation, when P was added. P addition reduced shoot P, fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn uptake of AM plants, but increased root fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones. AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil, and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil, however, P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.

关键词： arsenic arbuscular mycorrhiza phosphate maize phytostabilization

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An Approach to Reducing Input Parameter Volume for fault Classifiers

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2019年第2期16卷 199-212页

作者： Ann smith fengshou Gu andrew D.Ball Centre for Efficiency and Performance Engineering University of Huddersfield

As condition monitoring of systems continues to grow in both complexity and application, an overabundance of data is amassed. Computational capabilities are unable to keep abreast of the subsequent processing requirements. Thus, a means of establishing computable prognostic models to accurately reflect process condition, whilst alleviating computational burdens, is essential. This is achievable by restricting the amount of information input that is redundant to modelling algorithms. In this paper, a variable clustering approach is investigated to reorganise the harmonics of common diagnostic features in rotating machinery into a smaller number of heterogeneous groups that reflect conditions of the machine with minimal information redundancy. Na?ve Bayes classifiers established using a reduced number of highly sensitive input parameters realised superior classification powers over higher dimensional classifiers,demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach. furthermore, generic parameter capabilities were evidenced through confirmatory factor analysis. Parameters with superior deterministic power were identified alongside complimentary, uncorrelated, ***, variables with little explanatory capacity could be eliminated and lead to further variable reductions. Their information sustainability is also evaluated with Na?ve Bayes classifiers, showing that successive classification rates are sufficiently high when the first few harmonics are used. further gains were illustrated on compression of chosen envelope harmonic features. A Na?ve Bayes classification model incorporating just two compressed input variables realised an 83.3% success rate, both an increase in classification rate and an immense improvement volume-wise on the former ten parameter model.

关键词： fault diagnosis classification variable clustering data compression big data

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The role of organic electron donors in the initiation of BHAS base-induced coupling reactions between haloarenes and arenes

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第11期62卷 1425-1438页

作者： andrew J.smith Darren L.Poole John A.Murphy Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of StrathclydeStrathclydeGlasgow G11XLUnited Kingdom flexible Discovery Unit GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research CentreStevenageSG12NYUnited Kingdom

Coupling reactions between haloarenes and arenes(including heteroarenes)that are conducted without added transition metals but in the presence of KOtBu or NaOtBu,have been a topic of great interest since their discovery in *** organic structures act as additives that assist these *** additives are converted into organic electron donors by the butoxide base and this leads to initiation of the coupling reactions,which proceed by radical chain *** review provides an overview of the initiation stages of these reactions.

关键词： organic electron donor potassium tert-butoxide electron transfer base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution(BHAS) coupling benzyne

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