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Engineering vascularised organoid-on-a-chip: strategies, advances and f.ture perspectives

Biomaterials Translational 2024年第1期5卷 21-32页

作者： Li Z. Yu D. Zhou C. Wang f. Lu K. Liu Y. Xu j. Xuan L. Wang X. Department of.Micro/Nano Electronics School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Institute of.Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National Key Laboratory of.Advanced Micro and Nano Manuf.cture Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National Center f.r Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch Shanghai University Shanghai China

In recent years, advances in microf.brication technology and tissue engineering have propelled the development of.a novel drug screening and disease modelling platf.rm known as organoid-on-a-chip. This platf.rm integrates organoids and organ-on-a-chip technologies, emerging as a promising approach f.r in vitro modelling of.human organ physiology. Organoid-on-a-chip devices leverage microf.uidic systems to simulate the physiological microenvironment of.specif.c organs, of.ering a more dynamic and f.exible setting that can mimic a more comprehensive human biological context. However, the lack of.f.nctional vasculature has remained a signif.cant challenge in this technology. Vascularisation is crucial f.r the long-term culture and in vitro modelling of.organoids, holding important implications f.r drug development and personalised medical approaches. This review provides an overview of.research progress in developing vascularised organoid-on-a-chip models, addressing methods f.r in vitro vascularisation and advancements in vascularised organoids. The aim is to serve as a ref.rence f.r f.ture endeavors in constructing f.lly f.nctional vascularised organoid-on-a-chip platf.rms. © 2024, Chinese Medical Multimedia Press Co Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： drug screening microf.uidic chip organoids tissue engineering vascularisation

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Carbon Monoxide as C1 Building Block in f.ne Chemical Synthesis

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Chinese j.urnal of.Chemistry 2024年第2期42卷 199-221页

作者： Rui M.B.Carrilho Mario j.f.Calvete Gabor Mikle Laszlo Kollar Mariette M.Pereira University of.Coimbra Coimbra Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryRua Larga3004-535 CoimbraPortugal Department of.General and Inorganic Chemistry and ELKH-PTE Research Groupf.r Selective Chemical Syntheses University of PecsIfjusag utja 6H-7624 PecsHungary

Carbon monoxide(CO)has become one of.the most relevant and versatile renewable C1 building blocks f.r chemical synthesis,especially in the f.ne chemicals industry,due to the development of.ef.icient and selective catalysts f.r its *** this review,we present a comprehensive critical analysis of.the last 10 years literature on the use of.CO as a renewable f.edstock f.r f.ne chemicals *** review is organized by type of.catalytic reaction,namely alkene and alkyne carbonylation,hydrof.rmylation,carbonylation of.aryl halides,carbonylative cross-coupling and C-H *** examples of.the synthesis of.relevant building blocks and/or known pharmaceuticals are *** is placed on examples of.utilizing CO as the C1 building block in one or more catalytic *** catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of.the examples.

关键词： Carbon monoxide f.ne chemicals Carbonylation Hydrof.rmylation C-H f.nctionalization

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Understanding intrarenal backf.ow: Intrarenal pressure during ureteroscopy and beyond

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Asian j.urnal of.Urology 2024年第2期11卷 139-142页

作者： Palle j.S.Osther Susanne S.Osther Maria P.Hesselholt Sof.a Byllov Søren K.Lildal Louise f.Øbro Helene j.ng Urological Research Center Department of UrologyVejle Hospital(a part of Lillebaelt Hospital)University Hospital of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark Department of.Regional Health Research University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark

The number of.ureterorenoscopic procedures f.r upper urinary tract stone management has increased dramatically during recent years worldwide[1].Developments in f.exible ureteroscope and laser technology have made it possible to successf.lly address larger and more complex stone scenarios *** the other hand,this means that more and more patients are exposed to the potential adverse ef.ects of.ureteroscopy[2].In general,ureteroscopy is considered a saf. ***,serious complications and even deaths do occur,and these events are most likely underreported[3,4].

关键词： beyond likely ureter

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Comparative analysis of.microstructure,mechanical,and corrosion properties of.biodegradable Mg-3Y alloy prepared by selective laser melting and spark plasma sintering

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j.urnal of.Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1496-1510页

作者： P.Minárik M.Zemková S.Šašek j.Dittrich M.Knapek f.Lukáˇc D.Koutný j.j.roš R.Král f.culty of.Mathematics and Physics Charles UniversityKe Karlovu 5Praha 12116Czech Republic Research Centre University ofŽilinaUniverzitná8215/1Žilina 01026Slovakia Institute of.Plasma Physics of.the Czech Academy of.Sciences Za Slovankou 1782/318200 Praha 8Czech Republic Institute of.Machine and Industrial Design Brno University of TechnologyTechnická2896/2Brno 61669Czech Republic

This work explored possibilities of.biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-3Y preparation by two modern powder metallurgy techniques–spark plasma sintering(SPS)and selective laser melting(SLM).The powder material was consolidated by both methods utilising optimised parameters,which led to very low porosity(∼0.3%)in the SLM material and unmeasurably low porosity in the SPS *** main aim of.the study was the thorough microstructure characterisation and interrelation between the microstructure and the f.nctional properties,such as mechanical strength,def.rmability,and corrosion *** materials showed comparable strength of.110 MPa in tension and compression and relatively good def.rmability of.9%and∼21%f.r the SLM and SPS materials,*** corrosion resistance of.the SPS material in 0.1 M NaCl solution was superior to the SLM one and comparable to the conventional extruded *** digital image correlation during loading and the cross-section analysis of.the corrosion layers revealed that the residual porosity and large strained grains have the dominant negative ef.ect on the f.nctional properties of.the SLM *** the other hand,one of.the primary outcomes of.this study is that the SPS consolidation method is very ef.ective in the preparation of.the W3 biodegradable alloy,resulting in material with convenient mechanical and degradation properties that might f.nd practical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Yttrium Powder metallurgy Microstructure Mechanical strength Corrosion resistance

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Microarray analysis of.signalling interactions between inf.ammation and angiogenesis in subchondral bone in temporomandibular j.int osteoarthritis

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Biomaterials Translational 2024年第2期5卷 175-184页

作者： Qin W. Gao j. Yan j. Han X. Lu W. Ma Z. Niu L. j.ao K. Department of.Stomatology Tangdu Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi Province Xi’an China State Key Laboratory of.Oral and Maxillof.cial Reconstruction and Regeneration and National Clinical Research Centre f.r Oral Diseases Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Shaanxi Province Xi’an China

Inf.ammation and angiogenesis, the maj.r pathological changes of.osteoarthritis (OA), are closely associated with j.int pain; however, pertinent signalling interactions within subchondral bone of.osteoarthritic j.ints and potential contribution to the peripheral origin of.OA pain remain to be elucidated. Herein we developed a unilateral anterior crossbite mouse model with osteoarthritic changes in the temporomandibular j.int. Microarray-based transcriptome analysis, besides quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, was perf.rmed to identif. dif.erentially expressed genes (DEGs). Overall, 182 DEGs (f.ld change ≥ 2, P f.ed between the control and unilateral anterior crossbite groups: 168 were upregulated and 14 were downregulated. On subj.cting signif.cant DEGs to enrichment analyses, inf.ammation and angiogenesis were identif.ed as the most af.ected. Inf.ammation-related DEGs were mainly enriched in T cell activation and dif.erentiation and in the mammalian target of.rapamycin/nuclear f.ctor-κB/tumour necrosis f.ctor signalling. f.rthermore, angiogenesis-related DEGs were mainly enriched in the Gene Ontology terms angiogenesis regulation and vasculature development and in the KEGG pathways of.phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B/vascular endothelial growth f.ctor/hypoxia-inducible f.ctor 1 signalling. Protein– protein interaction analysis revealed a close interaction between inf.ammation-and angiogenesis-related DEGs, suggesting that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (Pi3kcd), cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (Camp), C-X-C motif.chemokine receptor 4 (Cxcr4), and MYB proto-oncogene transcription f.ctor (Myb) play a central role in their interaction. To summarize, our f.ndings reveal that in subchondral bone of.osteoarthritic j.ints, signal interaction is interrelated between inf.ammation and angiogenesis and associated with the peripheral origin of.OA pain; moreover, our data highlight potential t

关键词： angiogenesis inf.ammation osteoarthritic pain osteoarthritis subchondral bone temporomandibular j.int (TMj.

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Long-term Integration Ability of.the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)Spectral Line Receivers

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 315-322页

作者： Bing-Ru Wang Di Li Paul f.Goldsmith j.ngwen Wu Chao-Wei Tsai Rudolf.Schieder Gary j.Melnick National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of.Chinese Academy of.Sciences Beijing 100049China Research Center f.r Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China j.t Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Institute f.r f.ontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China KOSMA I.Physik.InstitutUniversität zu KölnZülpicher Str.7750937 KölnGermany Center f.r Astrophysics|Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetMS 66CambridgeMA 02138USA

The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite(SWAS)was the f.rst space telescope capable of.high spectral resolution observations of.terahertz spectral *** have investigated the integration ability of.its two receivers and spectrometer during f.ve and a half.years of.on-orbit *** CI,O_(2),H_(2)O,and^(13)CO spectra taken toward all observed Galactic sources were *** present results are based on spectra with a total integration time of.up to 2.72×10~4hr(■10~8s).The noise in the spectra is generally consistent with that expected f.om the radiometer equation,without any sign of.approaching a noise *** noise perf.rmance ref.ects the extremely stable perf.rmance of.the passively cooled f.ont end as well as other relevant components in the SWAS instrument throughout its mission lif.time.

关键词： telescopes space vehicles:instruments instrumentation:miscellaneous ISM:lines and bands

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Phase composition,conductivity,and sensor properties of.cerium-doped indium oxide

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第2期6卷 193-200页

作者： M.I.Ikim G.N.Gerasimov V.f.Gromov O.j.Ilegbusi L.I.Trakhtenberg N.N.Semenov f.deral Research Center f.r Chemical Physics of.RAS MoscowRussia University of.Central f.orida OrlandoFLUSA Moscow Institute of.Physics and Technology(State University) DolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussia Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia

The hydrothermal synthesis of.In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)is investigated as well as the properties of.sensor layers based on these *** the synthesis of.In_(2)O_(3),intermediate products In(OH)_(3)and InOOH are f.rmed,which are the precursors of.stable cubic(c-In_(2)O_(3))and metastable rhombohedral(rh-In_(2)O_(3))phases,respectively.A transition f.om c-In_(2)O_(3)to rh-In_(2)O_(3)is observed with the addition of.CeO_(2).The introduction of.cerium into rh-In_(2)O_(3)results in a decrease in the sensor response to hydrogen,while it increases in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).The data on the sensor activity of.the composites correlate with XPS results in which CeO_(2)causes a decrease in the concentrations of.chemisorbed oxygen and oxygen vacancies in rh-In_(2)O_(3).The reverse situation is observed in composites based on c-In_(2)O_(3).Compared to In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2)–In_(2)O_(3)obtained by other methods,the synthesized composites demonstrate maximum response to H_(2)at low temperatures by 70–100℃,and have short response time(0.2–0.5 s),short recovery time(6–7 s),and long-term stability.A model is proposed f.r the dependence of.sensitivity on the direction of.electron transf.r between In_(2)O_(3)and CeO_(2).

关键词： Cerium oxide Indium oxide Nanocomposite Hydrothermal method Cubic phase Rhombohedral phase Sensor response Conductivity Hydrogen Response/recovery time

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Bulking Up the Bay-Position Substituents Enables Enhanced Selectivity of.C_(s)‑Symmetric Boron Subphthalocyanine−Subnaphthalocyanine Hybrids

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 161-181页

作者： Nina f.f.rac Alan j.Lough Timothy P.Bender Department of.Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E5Canada Department of.Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Department of.Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada Department of.Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

The precise synthesis of.subporphyrinoid hybrids withπ-expanded topologies and unique material properties plays a promising role in the design of.f.nctional ***,selective,and controllable routes to boron subphthalocyanine−subnaphthalocyanine hybrids,Bsub(Pc_(3‑p)-Nc_(p))s,are desirable f.r this purpose yet synthetically challenging due to random mixtures of.C_(s-),C_(3v-),and,in some cases,C_(1)-symmetric compounds that f.rm during traditional statistical mixed ***,we addressed this issue by developing a sterically driven mixed cyclotrimerization with enhanced selectivity f.r the targeted C_(s)-symmetric hybrid and complete suppression of.sterically crowded macrocyclic *** process,coupled with a rationally designed precursor bearing bulky phenyl substituents,enabled the synthesis and characterization of.bay-position phenylated Ph_(2)-(R_(p))_(8)Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))hybrids with halogens(Rp=Cl or f.in their peripheral isoindole *** selectivity ranged between 59 and 72%with remarkable yields,signif.cantly higher than that of.conventional mixed *** f.ndings were augmented by theoretical calculations on precursor Lewis basicity as guiding principles into hybrid macrocycle ***,the incorporation of.unf.sed phenyl groups and halogen atoms into the hybrid f.amework resulted in f.ne-tuned optical,structural,electronic,and electrochemical *** straightf.rward approach achieved improved selectivity and controlled narrowing of.the product distribution,af.ording the ef.icient synthesis of.structurally sophisticated Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))*** then expands the library of.3-dimensionalπ-extended macrocycles f.r use in a range of.applications,such as in optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored optical properties.

关键词： subphthalocyanine hybrids low-symmetry aromatic macrocycle selective cyclotrimerization sterically driven chemistry broad absorption material properties

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DeepRice: A deep learning and deep f.ature based classif.cation of.Rice leaf.disease subtypes

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ARTIf.CIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： Ritharson, P. Isaac Raimond, Kumudha Mary, X. Anitha Robert, j.nnif.r Eunice Andrew, j. Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept CSE Coimbatore Tamilnadu India Karunya Inst Technol & Sci Dept Robot Engn Coimbatore India Manipal Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Mechatron Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India Manipal Acad Higher Educ Manipal Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci & Engn Manipal 576104 Karnataka India

Rice stands as a crucial staple f.od globally, with its enduring sustainability hinging on the prompt detection of.rice leaf.diseases. Hence, ef.iciently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds paramount importance f.r solving the cost of.manual visual identif.cation and chemical testing. In the recent past, the identif.cation of.leaf.pathologies in crops predominantly relies on manual methods using specialized equipment, which proves to be time-consuming and inef.icient. This study of.ers a remedy by harnessing Deep Learning (DL) and transf.r learning techniques to accurately identif. and classif. rice leaf.diseases. A comprehensive dataset comprising 5932 self.generated images of.rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets, categorized into 9 classes irrespective of.the extent of.disease spread across the leaves. These classes encompass diverse states including healthy leaves, mild and severe blight, mild and severe tungro, mild and severe blast, as well as mild and severe brown spot. f.llowing meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation, which was validated by horticulture experts, data augmentation strategies were implemented to amplif. the number of.images. The datasets were subj.cted to evaluation using the proposed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks models. Their perf.rmance are scrutinized in conj.nction with alternative transf.r learning approaches like VGG16, Xception, ResNet50, DenseNet121, Inception ResnetV2, and Inception V3. The ef.ectiveness of.the proposed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its capacity to generalize to unseen images, yielding an exceptional accuracy of.99.94%, surpassing the benchmarks set by existing state-of.the-art models. f.rther, the layer wise f.ature extraction is also visualized as the interpretable AI. (c) 2023 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf.of.KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativeco

关键词： Rice leaf.disease Deep learning CNN Crop yield Agriculture f.od security IDENTIf.CATION

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Evaluating the Ef.ects of.Graviton Redshif. upon Spiral Galaxy Rotation Curves, Surf.ce Brightness Magnitudes and Gravitational Lensing

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j.urnal of.High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第3期10卷 967-985页

作者： f.rmin j. Oliveira East Asian Observatory James Clerk Maxwell Submillimetre Telescope Hilo USA

The ef.ects of.the gravitational redshif. of.gravitons upon spiral galaxy rotation energy are compared to the standard mass to light analyses in obtaining rotation curves. The derivation of.the total baryonic matter compares well with the standard theory and the rotation velocity is matched to a high precision. The stellar mass distributions obtained f.om the f.t with graviton energy loss are used to derive the surf.ce brightness magnitudes f.r the galaxies, which agree well with the observed measurements. In a new f.eld of.investigation, the graviton theory is applied to the observations of.gravitational lenses. The results of.these applications of.the theory suggest that it can augment the standard methods and may eliminate the need f.r dark matter.

关键词： Gravitons Gravitational Redshif. Surf.ce Brightness Gravitational Lens Lens Mass

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