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Extracellular matrix and biomimetic engineering microenvironment for neuronal differentiation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 573-585页

作者： Deepak Jain Sabrina Mattiassi eyleen l.goh Evelyn k.F.Yim Department of Chemical Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Extracellular matrix(ECM)influences cell differentiation through its structural and biochemical *** nervous system,neuronal behavior is influenced by these ECMs structures which are present in a meshwork,fibrous,or tubular forms encompassing specific molecular *** addition to contact guidance,ECM composition and structures also exert its effect on neuronal *** short report reviewed the native ECM structure and composition in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system,and their impact on neural regeneration and neuronal *** topographies,stem cells have been differentiated to ***,focussing on engineered biomimicking topographies,we highlighted the role of anisotropic topographies in stem cell differentiation to neurons and its recent temporal application for efficient neuronal differentiation.

关键词： biomimetic platforms biophysical cues contact guidance extracellular matrix neuronal development neural regeneration neural stem cell niche neuronal differentiation neuronal maturation stem cell topography

Studying neurological disorders using induced pluripotent stem cells and optogenetics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1720-1722页

作者： Eunice W.M.Chin eyleen l.k.goh Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore NUS Graduate School for Integrative Singapore Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore kk Research Center KK Women’s and Children’s HospitalSingapore

Neurological disorders are amongst the most widely studied human ***,they are also one of the most poorly *** most of these disorders are polygenic,genotype still plays an important role in their *** example,in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders,there is a 40-60%concordance rate in monozygotic twins,with 60-90%heritability（Burmeister et al.,2008）.However,the mechanisms by which multiple genes and their genomic variations influence the phenotypes of the disorders remain to be understood. The complexities of the disorders are tur- ther compounded by the individual rarity of the genomic variations and their variable penetrance （Cook and Scherer, 2008）. Thus, conventional disease modeling, such as gene knockout in cells or in animals, to attain the desired disease genotype may not be the most suitable platform for tackling most neurological disorders.

关键词： PSCs cell stem Studying neurological disorders using induced pluripotent stem cells and optogenetics

Photodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds in aqueous solutions in the UV/H_2O_2 process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 886-893页

作者： goh Ngoh khang Division of Chemistry Nanyang Technological University l Nanyang Walk Singapore 637616

Photodegradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions by means of UV/H2 O2 process was studied in the Rayox batch reactors. Three nitrophenol isomers were identified as main photoproducts in the irradiated NB aqueous solutions. The distribution of nitrophenol isomers follows the order p-〉 m-〉 o-nitrophenol. Other intermediates detected include nitrohydroquinone, nitrocatechol, catechol, benzoquinone, phenol, nitrate/nitrite ions, formic acid, glyoxylic acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid and some aliphatic ketones and aldehydes. The degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols at initial stages follows the first-order kinetics and the decay rate constants for nitrobenzene（NB） are around l0^-3-10^-2 s^-1 and for nitrophenols are around 10^-2 s^-1. The decomposition of H2 O2 in the presence of NB and each nitrophenol isomers follows zero-order kinetics. The quantum yields at initial stages for NB decay were estimated around 0.30 to 0.36, and for NPs decay is around 0.31-0.54.

关键词： photodegradation nitrobenzene nitrophenols UV/H2 O2 process

Mucinous nonneoplastic cyst of the pancreas: A truly novel pathological entity?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第13期11卷 2045-2047页

作者： Brian k.P.goh Yu-Meng Tan Puay-Hoon Tan london l.P.J.Ooi Department of Surgery Department of Pathology

Recently, a novel and distinct pancreatic cystic tumor termed 'mudnous nonneoplastic' cyst was described in the literature. We report our experience with a 71-year-old female with a cystic tumor in the body of the pancreas demonstrating features suggestive of this diagnosis. We also review the literature regarding this 'novel' pathological entity and discuss critically its existence and its differential diagnoses.

关键词： Pancreatic cyst Mucinous nonneoplastic cyst Mucinous cysts Pancreatic cystic tumors Pancreas Cyst

Elucidation of thermally induced internal porosity in zinc oxide nanorods

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2412-2423页

作者： Albertus D. Handoko laura-lynn liew Ming lin Gopinathan Sankar Yonghua Du Haibin Su Zhili Dong Gregory k. l. goh Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Technology and Research (A＊STAR) Singapore 138634 Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Chemistry University College London London WC1H0AJ UK Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences Agency for Science Technology and Research (A＊STAR) Singapore 627833 Singapore

In situ electron microscopy, tomography, photoluminescence, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were utilized to monitor and explain the formation and growth of internal pores within ZnO nanorods. Careful examination using electron microscopy and tomography indicate that nanosized intemal pores start appearing within the individual solution-grown ZnO nanorods upon exposure to 200 ℃. The pore volume growth rate is proportional to the heat treatment time, indicating that the process is diffusion controlled, akin to a reverse Ostwald ripening-l.k. process. A manageable pore growth rate of 1.4-4.4 nm^3·min^-1 was observed at 540 ℃, suggesting that the effective control over internal porosity can be achieved by carefully controlling the heat-treatment profile. Mechanistic studies using X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the pore formation is linked to the significant reduction of the number of zinc vacancies after heat treatment. An optimum condition exists where most of the native surface defects are removed, while the bulk defects are contained within the internal pores. It is also demonstrated that the internal porosity can be exploited to improve the visible light absorption of ZnO. A combination of the lower defect density and improved light absorption of the heat-treated ZnO films thus lead to an increase in the photo- electrochemical response of more than 20× compared to that of the as-grown ZnO.

关键词： zinc oxide solution growth hydrothermal porosity photocatalysis photocurrent

Engineering properties of the Bukit Timah Granitic residual soil in Singapore

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Underground Space 2019年第2期4卷 98-108页

作者： W.G.Zhang R.H.Zhang l.Han A.T.C.goh key laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina National Joint Engineering Research Center of Geohazards Prevention in the Reservoir Areas Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China key laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering Ministry of EducationWuhan 430072China School of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

Extensive site investigations were conducted prior to the construction of a Mass Rapid Transit project in Singapore that was predominantly in the Bukit Timah Granite(BTG)formation residual *** paper evaluates the engineering properties of the BTG formation residual soil based on data from 208 site investigation boreholes from four different *** on the results from 2481 conventional laboratory tests and 1192 in-situ tests,this paper summarizes the engineering properties of the highly variable BTG residual soil,including conventional composition analysis,index and hydraulic properties,and strength and deformation parameters required for geotechnical analysis and *** on these results,the BTG formation is found to be quite *** the degree of weathering decreases with depth from the top of the formation,the BTG residual soil becomes sandier,with reduced silt and clay *** coefficient of permeability and the compression index of the BTG residual soil vary *** addition,the empirical equations relating the shear strength(index)to the standard penetration test(SPT)-N,as well as the equations and charts for determining stiffness,are *** findings,together with the proposed equations or charts,can be used for design guidance of similar projects related to granitic residual soils in Singapore.

关键词： Bukit Timah Granite Residual soil Shear strength Stiffness laboratory testing In-situ testing

Recent Advances in Understanding Proteins Involved in lipid Droplet Formation, Growth and Fusion

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第5期41卷 251-259页

作者： Jolene S.Y.Tan Colin J.P.Seow Vera J.goh David l.Silver Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore

lipid droplets （lDs） were once viewed as simple, inert lipid micelles. However, they are now known to be organelles with a rich proteome involved in a myriad of cellular processes. lDs are heterogeneous in nature with different sizes and compositions of phospholipids, neutral lipids and proteins. This review takes a focused look at the roles of proteins involved in the regulation of lD formation, expansion, and morphology. The related proteins are summarized such as the fat-specific protein （Fsp27）, fat storage-inducing trans- membrane （FIT） proteins, seipin and ADP-ribosylation factor 1-coat protein complex I （Arf-COPI）. Finally, we present important challenges in lD biology for a deeper understanding of this dynamic organelle to be achieved.

关键词： lipid droplets lD-associated proteins Perilipin Phospholipids

Modes of action of fraxinellone against the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens

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Insect Science 2009年第2期16卷 147-155页

作者： Zhi long liu Shuit Hung Ho Swee Hock goh Department of Entomology China Agricultural University Beijing China Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore

Fraxinellone significantly reduced the relative growth rate, food consumption rate as well as the efficiency of conversion of ingested food into biomass of Heliothis virescens when incorporated into artificial diets at concentrations of 4.31 x 10.5 mol/l and above. After being fed with fraxinellone-treated diets for 24 h, the larval midguts of H. vb＇escens possess significantly lower activities of α-amylase and non-specific proteases and higher activities of cytochrome P450s. In vitro, the compound did not inhibit the activities of u-amylase and non-specific proteases extracted from the larval midguts. Clear evidence of post-ingestive toxicity of fraxinellone to midgut cells was observed under an electron microscope. The modes of action of the compound against insects were discussed.

关键词： amylase detoxification enzyme digestive enzyme fraxinellone Heliothisvirescens protease

^(68)Gallium-labelled PSMA-PET/CT as a diagnostic and clinical decision-making tool in Asian prostate cancer patients following prostatectomy

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 157-165页

作者： Janice S.H.Tan Charles X.Y.goh Yen Sin koh Youquan li Jeffrey k.l.Tuan Eu Tiong Chua Terence W.k.Tan Michael l.C.Wang lui Shiong lee kae Jack Tay Ravindran kanesvaran Chee keong Toh Aaron k.T.Tong Winnie W.C.lam Melvin l.k.Chua Division of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Singapore General Hospital Radiological Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke-NUS Medical School Oncology Academic Clinical Programme Duke-NUS Medical School Department of Urology Singapore General Hospital Department of Surgery Sengkang General Hospital Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore

Objective: Prostate cancers(PCa) in Asian individuals are molecularly distinct from those found in their Caucasian *** is no risk stratification tool for Asian men with rapid biochemical recurrence(BCR) following radical prostatectomy(Rad P). This study aims to assess the detection rate of ^(68)Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PSMA-PET/CT) for diagnosis of clinical recurrence and as a treatment decision making tool in Asian patients with BCR post-Rad ***: ^(68)Ga PSMA-PET and CT body with/without bone scan [conventional workup(CWU)] were performed in 55 Asian patients with BCR within 36 months post-Rad P. Two blinded reviewers assessed the images. Detection rates of ^(68)Ga PSMAPET/CT were evaluated, and impact on management was reviewed by comparison with ***: Median time to BCR post-Rad P was 8.1 months. Detection rate for ^(68)Ga PSMA-PET/CT was 80%(44/55). A positive scan was significantly associated with increasing prostate-specific antigen(PSA) level [odds ratio(OR) = 1.13(95% CI 1.05–1.30), P =0.017], but not with higher Gleason grade or shorter PSA doubling time. Compared to CWU, ^(68)Ga PSMA-PET/CT detected an additional 106 lesions in 33/44 patients with a positive scan, resulting in a change in management in 25/44(56.8%) patients: 10 to hormonal therapy(HT) and whole pelvis radiotherapy(RT) in addition to bed RT, and 15 to palliative HT ***: In the present report, we demonstrated the diagnostic and treatment decision utility of ^(68)Ga PSMA-PET/CT in Asian men with rapid BCR. Detection of small volume nodal and systemic recurrences at low PSA levels(l) highlights the role of the tool in assigning patients to treatment intensification with HT-RT or palliative HT in polymetastatic disease.

关键词： ^68Ga PSMA PET/CT prostate cancer Asian diagnostic recurrence prostatectomy salvage radiotherapy