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Impact of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on Japanese beetle herbivory

Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 513-523页

作者： Olivia K. Niziolek May R. Berenbaum evan H. DeLucia Department of Plant Biology Institute of Genomic Biology Department of Entomology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801USA

To examine how the major elements of global change affect herbivory in agroecosystems, a multifactorial experiment was conducted where soybeans were grown at two levels of carbon dioxide and temperature, including those predicted for 2050, under otherwise normal field conditions. Japanese beetles （Popillia japonica Newman） were enclosed on foliage for 24 h, after which the beetle survivorship, total and per capita leaf consumption, and leaf protease inhibitor activity were measured. The direct effect of temperature on beetle consumption and survivorship also was measured under controlled environmental conditions. No differences in total foliage consumption were observed; however, beetles forced to feed at elevated temperature in the field demonstrated greater per capita consmnption and reduced survivorship compared to beetles feeding at ambient temperature. Survivorship was also greater for beetles that consumed foliage grown under elevated CO2, but there were no interactive effects of CO2 and temperature, and no differences in leaf chemistry were resolved. Leaf consumption by beetles increased strongly with increasing temperature up to -37℃, above which increased mortality caused a precipitous decrease in consumption. An empirical model based on the temperature dependence of leaf consumption and flight suggests that the 3.5℃ increase in temperature predicted for 2050 will increase the optimal feeding window for the Japanese beetle by 290%. Elevated temperature and CO2 operating independently have the potential to greatly increase foliage damage to soybean by chewing insects, such as Popilliajaponica, potentially affecting crop yields.

关键词： carbon dioxide FACE (free-air concentration enrichment) Glycine max,herbivory Japanese beetles Popilliajaponica temperature dependence

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UV-B has larger negative impacts on invasive populations of Triadica sebifera but ozone impacts do not vary

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第1期9卷 61-68页

作者： Hong Wang Xiaochi Ma Ling Zhang evan Siemann Jianwen Zou College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Biosciences Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China

Aims Abiotic stresses may interact with each other to determine impacts on plants so that their combined impact is less than or more than *** UV-B radiation and surface ozone(O3)are two major components of global change that may have such interactive ***,invasive and native populations of plants may respond differently to stresses as they can vary in primary and secondary *** Here,we conducted a factorial field experiment with open-top chambers assigned to an ozone treatment(ambient,100 ppb,or 150 ppb)and UV-B treatment(ambient or increased 20%).We grew seedlings of native and invasive populations of Triadica sebifera in these chambers for one growing *** Findings Invasive plants grew faster than native plants in ambient UV-B but they did not differ significantly in elevated *** production of invasive plants was especially sensitive to UV-B in a way that increased with UV-B for native plants but decreased for invasive plants which may be important for nutrient *** ambient UV-B,total mass decreased as ozone *** mass was lower with elevated UV-B but there was no additional impact of increasing *** area did not decrease with UV-B so SLA and LAR were lowest at ambient ozone *** results suggest that the effects of ozone will depend on UV-B conditions perhaps due to changes in foliar *** traits that allow invasive populations of plants to be successful invaders may make them especially sensitive to UV-B which may reduce their success in future climatic conditions.

关键词： invasive UV-B O3 cross-tolerance litter

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Efficacy of boswellic acid on lysosomal acid hydrolases,lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant status in gouty arthritic mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第2期2卷 128-133页

作者： evan Prince Sabina Haridas Indu Mahaboobkhan Rasool School of Bio Sciences and Technology VIT University Vellore-632 014

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in ***:The mice were divided into four experimental ***Ⅰserved as control;mice in groupⅡwere injected with monosodium urate crystal;groupⅢconsisted of monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with boswellic acid(30mg/kg/b.w.);groupⅣcomprised monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with indomethacin(3mg/kg/b.w.).Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-αwere determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced *** addition,the levels ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes(PMNL)in ***:The activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,and tumour necrosis factor-αlevels and paw volume were increased significantly in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice,whereas the activities of antioxidant status were in turn ***,these changes were modulated to near normal levels upon boswellic acid *** vitro,boswellic acid reduced the level ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated PMNL in concentration dependent manner when compared with control ***:The results obtained in this study further strengthen the anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic effect of boswellic acid,which was already well established by several investigators.

关键词： Boswellic acid Gouty arthritis Indomethacin Lysosomal enzymes Polymorphonuclear leucocytes Monosodium urate Lipid peroxidation Antioxidant status Anti-inflammatory effect Antiarthritic effect Inflammation

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Liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第48期11卷 7676-7683页

作者： Wojciech C Blonski K Rajender Reddy Abraham Shaked evan Siegelman David C Metz Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division of Gastroenterology Department of Surgery Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Division

Neuroendocrine tumors are divided into gastrointestinal carcinoids and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The WHO has updated the classification of these lesions and has abandoned the term ＂carcinoid＂. Both types of tumors are divided into functional and non-functional tumors. They are characterized by slow growth and frequent metastasis to the liver and may be limited to the liver for long periods. The therapeutic approach to hepatic metastases should consider the number and distribution of the liver metastases as well as the severity of symptoms related to hormone production and tumor bulk. Surgery is generally considered as the first line therapy. In patients with unresectable liver metastases, alternative treatments are dependent on the type and the growth rate. Initial treatments consist of long acting somatostatin analogs and/or interferon. Streptozocin-based chemotherapy is usually reserved for symptomatic patients with rapidly advancing disease, but generally the therapy is poorly tolerated and its effects are short-lived. Locoregional therapy directed such as hepatic-artery embolization and chemoembolization, radiofrequency thermal ablation and cryosurgery, is often used instead of systemic therapy, if the disease is limited to the liver. However, liver transplantation should be considered in patients with neuroendocrine metastases to the liver that are not accessible to curative or cytoreductive surgery and if medical or Iocoregional treatment has failed and if there are life threatening hormonal symptoms. We report a case of liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary source and provide a detailed review of the world literature on this controversial topic.

关键词： Liver metastases, Neuroendocrine tumors Liver transplantation

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Pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in radical rectal cancer surgery:changes in the past 3 decades

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第3期4卷 173-185,I0001页

作者： Min-Hoe Chew Yu-Ting Yeh evan Lim Francis Seow-Choen Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General HospitalSingapore Singhealth Academy Singapore General HospitalSingapore Seow-Choen Colorectal Centre Singapore

The advent of total mesorectal excision(TME)together with minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic colorectal surgery and robotic surgery has improved surgical ***,the incidence of bladder and sexual dysfunction remains *** may be particularly distressing for the patient and troublesome to manage for the surgeon when it does *** increased use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy is also associated with poorer functional *** this review,we evaluate current understanding of the anatomy of pelvic nerves which are divided into the areas of the inferior mesenteric artery pedicle,the lateral pelvic wall and dissection around the urogenital *** techniques in these areas are *** also discuss the results in functional outcomes of the various techniques including open,laparoscopic and robotic over the last 30 years.

关键词： total mesorectal excision pelvic autonomic nerve preservation urinary dysfunction sexual dysfunction

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(Re)assessing Climate-Smart Agriculture practices for sustainable food systems outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa:The case of Bono East Region,Ghana

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Geography and Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 112-126页

作者： Philip Tetteh Quarshie Seidu Abdulai evan D.G.Fraser Deparment of Geography Environment and Geomatics&Guelph Institute of Development StudiesCollege of Social and Applied Human ScienceUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1H 2W1 Canada Global Agri-Business Solutions INC.54-480 Grey Street BrantfordON N3S 7S5 Canada Deparment of Food Agricultural and Resource Economics Ontario Agriculture CollegeUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1G 2W1 Canada Department of Geography Environment and Geomatics&Arrell Food InstituteUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1H 2W1 Canada

This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)practices’potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems(SFS)within Ghana’s smallholding agriculture *** study demon-strates that rural farmers generally perceive CSA’s contribution to‘food and nutrition security’and‘economic performance’as more important than CSA’s contribution to‘social equity’and‘environmental stewardship’.From a narrow perspective,the study demonstrates that farmers perceive CSA’s potential to‘prevent pest and disease outbreaks’and‘increase human capital information’as the most important contribution of CSA to SFS *** contrast,CSA’s potential to promote environmental stewardship is perceived as the least important among Ghana’s rural *** enormity of displacement of smallholders’perceptions at large is motivated by de-mographic,socioeconomic and ecological ***,the CSA for SFS outcomes narratives is driven by farmers’self-apprise,social networks and other local information dissemination ***,research findings suggest farmers’awareness of CSA practices and interventions is deficient owing to unmet training and information needs for approximately 82%of the CSA practices and *** situation elucidates the dichotomy of CSA practices’narratives as tools for attaining food,nutrition security and economic performance to the detriment of critical issues such as increasing awareness and building farmers’capacity to engage with CSA practices while also managing socio-ecological trade-offs that emerge over time due to engagement with ***(re)orientation is needed across the scale to drive CSA practices and interventions that confine cli-mate adaptation and food production practices within safe planetary boundaries without undermining social,economic,food and nutrition security needs.

关键词： Climate adaptation Climate-Smart Agriculture Ghana Smallholder farmers Sustainable food systems Sub-Saharan Africa

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Widely accessible method for 3D microflow mapping at high spatial and temporal resolutions

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第4期8卷 57-71页

作者： evan Lammertse Nikhil Koditala Martin Sauzade Hongxiao Li Qiang Li Luc Anis Jun Kong Eric Brouzes Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Department of Computer ScienceGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30302USA Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Cancer Center Stony Brook School of MedicineStony BrookNY 11794USA Institute for Engineering Driven Medicine Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA

Advances in microfluidic technologies rely on engineered 3D flow patterns to manipulate samples at the ***,current methods for mapping flows only provide limited 3D and temporal resolutions or require highly specialized optical ***,we present a simple defocusing approach based on brightfield microscopy and open-source software to map micro-flows in 3D at high spatial and temporal *** workflow is both integrated in ImageJ and *** track seed particles in 2D before classifying their Z-position using a reference *** compare the performance of a traditional cross-correlation method and a deep learning model in performing the classification *** validate our method on three highly relevant microfluidic examples:a channel step expansion and displacement structures as single-phase flow examples,and droplet microfluidics as a twophase flow ***,we elucidate how displacement structures efficiently shift large particles across ***,we reveal novel recirculation structures and folding patterns in the internal flow of microfluidic *** simple and widely accessible brightfield technique generates high-resolution flow maps and it will address the increasing demand for controlling fluids at the microscale by supporting the efficient design of novel microfluidic structures.

关键词： flow resolution method

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Tallow tree allocates contrasting secondary chemicals in response to varying environments along elevational gradients

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第3期13卷 295-303页

作者： Li Xiao Jialiang Zhang Wei Huang Juli Carrillo evan Siemann Jianqing Ding CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Core Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430074China Faculty of Land and Food Systems Centre for Sustainable Food SystemsBiodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Biosciences Department Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan 475004China

Aims Understanding how tree species regulate multiple types of secondary chemicals along elevational gradients is critical for elucidating the physiological and ecological strategies of plants in response to varying biotic and/or abiotic *** study aims to examine how Chinese tallow tree(Triadica sebifera)allocates resources to the production of different secondary chemicals in response to varying environments across elevational *** We conducted field surveys of different herbivore feeding guilds and their damage rates on Chinese tallow trees along an elevational gradient in China and measured secondary chemicals(tannins and flavonoids)in damaged and undamaged *** Findings The odds of a leaf being damaged(chewing or scarring)decreased with *** concentrations increased with elevation in undamaged leaves but decreased with elevation in damaged leaves,with quercitrin contributing most strongly to this pattern,likely as results of plant responding to changing biotic or abiotic stresses along elevational *** concentrations did not vary with elevation,so undamaged leaves had relatively lower tannin to flavonoid ratios at high elevation than at low *** study reveals variation in herbivory and contrasting trends in plant secondary metabolism along an elevation gradient and highlights the importance of simultaneously considering multiple types of secondary chemicals in plant physiological and ecological strategies.

关键词： herbivory climate elevation defence strategies secondary metabolites Chinese tallow tree

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Stopover behavior of Red-eyed Vireos(Vireo olivaceus) during fall migration on the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 491-502页

作者： Richard evan Feldman Antonio Celis-Murillo Jill L.Deppe Michael P.Ward Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán Unidad de Recursos NaturalesMeridaYucatánMexico Prairie Research Institute Illinois Natural History SurveyUniversity of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIllinoisUSA U.S.Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science CenterPatuxent Research RefugeLaurelMDUSA National Audubon Society WashingtonDCUSA Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIllinoisUSA.

Background: For migrating birds, stopover requires spending time and energy that otherwise could be allocated to flying. Thus, birds optimally refuel their subsequent migratory flight by reducing stopover duration or foraging activ-ity in food-rich environments. In coastal habitats, birds may forego refueling and take short stopovers irrespective of local food availability. Given the paucity of studies exploring how migrants adjust stopover behavior in response to temporal variation in food availability, especially in the Neotropics, we fixed radio tags to 51 Red-eyed Vireos(Vireo olivaceous) over two years at two sites on the coast of Mexico's Yucatan ***: We applied VHF radio tags during the fall of 2016 and 2017, and tracked birds using automatic and manual receiving units. We estimated stopover duration and activity levels(one site only) for between six and fifteen birds,depending on site and year. We measured fruit availability weekly along the net lanes where we captured birds. We used a generalized linear model to estimate the relationships between stopover duration/activity level and fruit den-sity, bird body mass and year. We interpreted relationships for the model with the lowest AICc ***: We found that approximately half of the birds departed on the same day they were captured. For the birds that stayed longer, we could not discern whether they did so because they were light, or fruit density was high. On the other hand, lighter birds were more active than heavier birds but only in one of the two ***: Given our results, it is unlikely that Red-eyed Vireos refuel along the Yucatan coast. However, they still likely need to recuperate from crossing the Gulf of Mexico, which may necessitate foraging more often if in poor body condition. If the birds then move inland then stopover should be thought of as a large-scale phenomenon, where habitats with different functions may be spread out over a broad landscape.

关键词： Coastal dune Fruit Geographic barrier Gulf of Mexico Phenology Stopover Time?minimization

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Superior Performance of Teaching and Transplant Hospitals in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy from 2007 to 2014

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第4期6卷 362-371页

作者： Daniel Bodek Pavan Patel Sushil Ahlawat evan Orosz Thayer Nasereddin Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Rutgers New Jersey Medical School University HospitalNewarkNJUSA

Background and Aims:Hepatic encephalopathy is a liver disease complication with significant mortality and *** aim of this study was to evaluate the relative performance of facilities based on their teaching status and transplant capability by correlating their connections to mortality,cost,and length of stay from 2007 to ***:The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was utilized to collect information on(USA)American patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy from *** were placed into one of four categories using their teaching and transplant *** regression analysis,mortality,length of stay and cost adjusted rate ratios were ***:The study revealed that teaching transplant centers had a mortality risk ratio of 0.783(95%confidence interval(CI):0.750-0.819,p<0.001).Blacks had the highest mortality risk ratio,of 1.273(95%CI:1.217-1.331,p<0.001).Furthermore,teaching transplant hospitals had a cost rate ratio of 1.226(95%CI:1.214-1.238,p<0.001)and a length of stay rate ratio of 1.104(95%CI:1.093-1.115,p<0.001).Conclusions:It appears that admission to transplant facilities for hepatic encephalopathy is associated with reduced mortality but increased costs and longer stay independent of ***,factors impacting black mortality should also be examined more closely.

关键词： Disparities Mortality Cost Length of stay Hepatic encephalopathy

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