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Investigation of HcAR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1567-1577页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby c.Krogstad Paiton O.McDonald Laxman Pokhrel Duy H.Hua evan c.titgemeyer Barry J.Bradford Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan 48824USA Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology East LansingMI 48824USA Department of chemistry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Dairy cows experiencing ketosis after calving suffer greater disease incidence and are at greater risk of leaving the herd. In vitro administration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA;the primary blood ketone) has inhibitory effects on the function of bovine leukocytes. BHBA is a ligand of HcAR2 and the activation of these receptors promotes an anti-inflammatory response which may be related with immunosuppression observed in transition dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to identify and test antagonists for HcAR2 in bovine immune cells cultured with *** We observed expression of HcAR2 at the protein level within lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. The proportion of cells expressing HcAR2 tended to be greater in mid-lactation compared to early lactation cows;the increase was a result of increased proportion of T and B cells expressing HcAR2. Stimulation of HcAR2 with niacin or BHBA promoted ca^(2+) mobilization in neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells treated with BHBA had diminished intracellular ca^(2+) responses when HcAR2 was knocked down by si RNA silencing, indicating ca^(2+) mobilization was mediated by HcAR2 signaling. Two candidate antagonists for HcAR2, synthesized from niacin(NA-1 and NA-5), were tested;monocytes and neutrophils pre-treated with NA-1 and NA-5 had reduced ca^(2+) mobilization after incubation with BHBA. Furthermore, NA-5 but not NA-1 prevented BHBA-associated reductions in cyclic *** We demonstrated that HcAR2 is present on bovine leukocytes and has greater expression later in lactation. We confirmed that BHBA and niacin derived HcAR2 antagonists alter bovine leukocyte activity. Our results demonstrate that both BHBA and niacin affect bovine leukocyte ca^(2+) mobilization in a HcAR2-dependent manner.

关键词： Flow cytometry GPR109A HM74A Ketosis

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Investigation of HcAR2 antagonists as a potential strategy to modulate bovine leukocytes.

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畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版) 2024年第4期 1567页

作者： Laman K.Mamedova Kirby c.Krogstad Paiton O.McDonald Laxman Pokhrel Duy H.Hua evan c.titgemeyer Barry J.Bradford

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Operando NMR methods for studying electrocatalysis

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第2期4卷 54-64页

作者： Zhiyu Zhu Ruipeng Luo evan Wenbo Zhao Magnetic Resonance Research center Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud University6525 AJ Nijmegenthe Netherlands

The combination of electrochemical measurements with spectroscopic characterizations provides valuable insights into reaction *** magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,as a powerful technique due to its atomic specificity and versatility in studying gas,liquid,and solid,allows the study of electrolyte solution,catalyst and catalyst-adsorbate *** applied in operando,NMR can offer molecular-level insights into various electrochemical *** NMR has been applied extensively in battery research,but relatively underexplored for electrocatalysis in the past two *** this mini review,we first introduce the operando electrochemical NMR setups,categorized by different probe *** we review the applications of operando NMR for monitoring the electrolyte solution and the catalyst-adsorbate *** the high environmental impact of electrochemical conversion of cO_(2)into value-added products,we zoom in to the use of operando NMR in studying electrochemical cO_(2)***,we provide our perspective on further developing and applying operando NMR methods for understanding the complex reaction network of cu-catalyzed electrochemical cO_(2)reduction.

关键词： Operando NMR In situ NMR Ec-NMR Electrocatalysis Electrochemical cO_(2)reduction

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Interactive effects of soils,local environmental conditions and herbivores on secondary chemicals in tallow tree

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第4期17卷 167-180页

作者： Li Xiao Wei Huang Juli carrillo Jianqing Ding evan Siemann college of Life and Environmental Science Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry&Ecology in Southern china Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China cAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Faculty of Land and Food Systems Centre for Sustainable Food SystemsBiodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4Canada State Key Laboratory of crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Biosciences Department Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA

Plants produce secondary chemicals that may vary along with latitude due to changing abiotic and biotic stress gradients and local environmental *** apart the individual and combined effects of these different abiotic,such as soil nutrients,and biotic factors,such as soil biota and herbivores,on secondary chemicals is critical for understanding plant responses to changing *** conducted an experiment at different latitudes in china,using tallow tree(Triadica sebifera)seedlings sourced from a population at 31°*** seedlings were cultivated in gardens located at low,middle and high latitudes,with either local soil or soil from the original seed collection site(origin soil).The seedlings were exposed to natural levels of aboveground herbivores or had them *** secondary chemicals(both foliar and root),aboveground herbivores and soil characteristics were *** showed that most leaf and root secondary metabolites depended on the interaction of the experimental site and soil *** and root phenolic and tannin concentrations were higher at the middle latitude site,especially in the origin *** and foliar flavonoid concentrations increased when aboveground herbivores were *** communities depended strongly on soil *** different responses of tannins versus flavonoids suggest that these two chemical classes differ in their responses to the varying abiotic and biotic factors in these sites along *** together,our results emphasize the importance of considering the interactive effects of local environmental conditions,soil properties and herbivory in regulating plant chemical defenses.

关键词： phenolics tannins flavonoids abiotic factors soil characteristics Triadica sebifera

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A Study on Multivariable Interactions concerning Radar cross Section Reduction through Geometric Attributes

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2582-2593页

作者： evan Sharp STEAM Institute Jacksonville University Jacksonville FL USA

This resolution 5 (25−1 factorial) study aimed to ascertain an understanding of the interactions between different geometries on the resulting Radar cross Section (RcS) of a target. The results of the study are in line with the general understanding of the impact different geometries have on RcS but show that geometries can also influence the variance of measured RcS, and typical attributes that reduce RcS increase the variance of the measured RcS. Notably, an increased angle between the front face of a plate and the direction of the radar signal decreased RcS but increased the variance of the RcS measured.

关键词： Radar cross Section RcS Geometrical Attributes Radar Stealth

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An Expanded View of complex Traits:From Polygenic to Omnigenic

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第1期46卷 139-139页

作者： evan A Boyle Howard Hughes Medical Institute Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA

A central goal of genetics is to understand the links between genetic variation and ***,one might expect diseasecausing variants to cluster into key pathways that drive disease *** for complex traits,association signa... 详细信息

关键词： Traits cluster complex

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In Vitro assessment of the nutritive value of expanded soybean meal for dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第2期3卷 93-99页

作者： Eman A Elwakeel evan c.titgemeyer Zongjia J cheng Abdelaziz M Nour Mohamed EA Nasser Department of Animal & Fish Production Faculty of Agriculture Alexandria University Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University American Soybean Association-International Marketing

Little information is available about the nutritive value of expanded soybean meal, which is produced by expansion of soybeans prior to solvent extraction of the oil. During processing, expanded soybean meal is subjected to additional heat, which might increase the concentration of ruminally undegraded protein. Processing of soybeans with heat during oil extraction could affect lysine availability by increasing ruminally undegraded protein or by impairing intestinal digestion. Our objective was to compare solvent and expanded soybeans with regard to chemical composition and nutritive value for dairy cattle. Samples of expanded soybean meal （n = 14） and solventextracted soybean meal （n = 5） were obtained from People＇s Republic of china to study effects of the expansion process on nutritive value for dairy cattle. Solvent-extracted soybean meal （n = 2） and mechanically extracted （heated） soybean meal （n = 2） from the United States served as references for comparison. Samples were analyzed for crude fat, long-chain fatty acids, crude protein, amino acids, chemically available lysine, in situ ruminal protein degradation, and in vitro intestinal digestibility. No differences were found between solvent-extracted soybean meals from china and expanded soybean meals from china for crude fat, crude protein, amino acids, or chemically available lysine. In situ disappearance of nitrogen, ruminally undegraded protein content, and in vitro intestinal digestion of the ruminally undegraded protein were generally similar between solvent-extracted soybean meals made in china and expanded soybean meals made in china; variation among soybean meals was small. Results indicate that the additional heat from the expansion process was not great enough to affect the nutritive value of soybean meal protein for ruminants. Although expansion may improve the oil extraction process, the impact on the resulting soybean meal is minimal and does not require consideration when formulating ruminant di

关键词： Digestibility Escape Lysine Protein Rumen

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Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and neuromodulation techniques:a systematic review of progress and prospects

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2218-2230页

作者： Rahul Mittal Keelin McKenna Grant Keith evan McKenna Joana R.N.Lemos Jeenu Mittal Khemraj Hirani Diabetes Research Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Herbert Wertheim college of Medicine Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA School of Medicine and Public Health University of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA

Neuromodulation for diabetic peripheral neuropathy represents a significant area of interest in the management of chronic pain associated with this *** peripheral neuropathy,a common complication of diabetes,is characterized by nerve damage due to high blood sugar levels that lead to symptoms,such as pain,tingling,and numbness,primarily in the hands and *** aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of neuromodulatory techniques as potential therapeutic interventions for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy,while also examining recent developments in this *** investigation encompassed an array of neuromodulation methods,including frequency rhythmic electrical modulated systems,dorsal root ganglion stimulation,and spinal cord *** systematic review suggests that neuromodulatory techniques may be useful in the treatment of diabetic peripheral *** the advantages of these treatments will enable physicians and other healthcare providers to offer additional options for patients with symptoms refractory to standard pharmacologic *** these efforts,we may improve quality of life and increase functional capacity in patients suffering from complications related to diabetic neuropathy.

关键词： diabetes mellitus diabetic peripheral neuropathy neuromodulation neurostimulation therapy non-pharmacological treatment pain management

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Atlas摒弃液压系统

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科技纵览 2024年第6期 8-9页

作者： evan Ackerman 不详

波士顿动力公司的人形机器人实现电动化并超越了人类的能力。过去10年间,波士顿动力公司的Atlas可以说是现有能力最强、最显眼的人形机器人。但近年来,至少有8家资金雄厚的公司怀有商业野心,开发了自己的人形机器人。即使波士顿动力公... 详细信息

波士顿动力公司的人形机器人实现电动化并超越了人类的能力。过去10年间,波士顿动力公司的Atlas可以说是现有能力最强、最显眼的人形机器人。但近年来,至少有8家资金雄厚的公司怀有商业野心,开发了自己的人形机器人。即使波士顿动力公司开始销售包括电动Spot四足机器人和Stretch搬运机器人在内的其他几种系统,Atlas也仍旧只是一个研究平台,受限于有些凌乱和脆弱的液压肌肉。

关键词：人形机器人搬运机器人四足机器人 Atlas 资金雄厚电动化液压系统波士顿

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： Mihai A.Bentan evan R.Reiter Richard M.costanzo Daniel H.coelho Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA

Objective:The aim of this study was to review findings from a large prospective national database of chemosensory disturbances associated with coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19)*** Sources:The Virginia commonwealth University Smell and Taste center national database of cOVID-19 chemosensory ***:A series of online surveys,first opened on April 10,2020,was made accessible nationwide to any adult with sudden chemosensory dysfunction since January *** received subsequent follow-up surveys 14 days,1 month,3 months,and 6 months after *** additional survey was sent to all participants on May 28,2022 to assess long-term *** pertaining to demographics,symptoms,comorbidities,treatments,and life impact was ***:Of 363 participants who reported complete smell recovery,51.2%recovered within 1 month,70%within 3 months,and 79%within 6 months,while 8.8%took over 1 year to completely *** all participants,7.5%had no smell *** predictors of recovery included agece of nasal *** predictors included difficulty breathing and prior head *** participants reported a decrease in quality of life and the presence of potential safety hazards associated with decreased smell ***:Most subjects with cOVID-19-related chemosensory dysfunction recover,with the majority noting complete recovery within weeks of *** aged over 40 years and female gender were associated with lower rates of recovery.A considerable number of participants reported significant impact on quality of life and safety.

关键词： anosmia cOVID-19 smell

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