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Lean individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,the chicken or the egg?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 176-179页

作者： eugene Han Yong-ho Lee Department of Internal Medicine Keimyung University School of MedicineDaeguKorea Department of Internal Medicine Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea Institute of Endocrine Research Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea

With the increasing obesity population,the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has continuously grown in recent decades(1).It has recently been recognized that NAFLD can be presented in lean or non-obese *** subset of individuals,referred as“lean NAFLD”or“non-obese NAFLD”,accounts for approximately a quarter of entire NAFLD population(2).

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) body mass index(BMI) obesity sarcopenia muscle

A decomposition of light’s spin angular momentum density

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1578-1589页

作者： Alex J.Vernon Sebastian Golat claire Rigouzzo eugene A.Lim Francisco J.Rodríguez-Fortuño Department of Physics King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK London Centre for Nanotechnology LondonUK

Light carries intrinsic spin angular momentum(SAM)when the electric or magnetic field vector rotates over time.A familiar vector equation calculates the direction of light’s SAM density using the right-hand rule with reference to the electric and magnetic polarisation *** Maxwell’s equations,this vector equation can be decomposed into a sum of two distinct terms,akin to the well-known Poynting vector decomposition into orbital and spin *** present the first general study of this spin decomposition,showing that the two terms,which we call canonical and Poynting spin,are chiral analogies to the canonical and spin momenta of light in its interaction with *** canonical momentum,canonical spin is directly *** canonical and Poynting spin incorporate spatial variation of the electric and magnetic fields and are influenced by optical *** decomposition allows us to show that a linearly polarised vortex beam,which has no total SAM,can nevertheless exert longitudinal chiral pressure due to equal and opposite canonical and Poynting spins.

关键词： canonical momentum angular

Black Hole Complementarity in Terms of the Outsider and Insider Perspectives

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第2期15卷 184-192页

作者： eugene Terry Tatum Independent Researcher Bowling Green Kentucky USA

A complementarity hypothesis concerning outsider and insider perspectives of a gargantuan black hole is proposed. The two thought experiments presented herein are followed by a brief discussion of a new interpretation of black hole interior “space-and-time-reversal”. Specifically, it is proposed that the “singularity” space of the black hole interior is time-like and the expansion time of the black hole interior is space-like. The resemblance of this new insider interpretation to our own expanding and redshifting big bang universe is compelling.

关键词： Black Holes Complementarity Cosmological Models Rh = ct Models Flat Space Cosmology Schwarzschild Cosmology Thought Experiment Dark Energy Quantum Vacuum

A Solution to the Cosmological Constant Problem Using the Holographic Principle (A Brief Note)

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第2期15卷 159-166页

作者： eugene Terry Tatum Independent Researcher Bowling Green Kentucky USA

This paper integrates a quantum conception of the Planck epoch early universe with FSC model formulae and the holographic principle, to offer a reasonable explanation and solution of the cosmological constant problem. Such a solution does not appear to be achievable in cosmological models which do not integrate black hole formulae with quantum formulae such as the Stephan-Boltzmann law. As demonstrated herein, assuming a constant value of Lambda over the great span of cosmic time appears to have been a mistake. It appears that Einstein’s assumption of a constant, in terms of vacuum energy density, was not only a mistake for a statically-balanced universe, but also a mistake for a dynamically-expanding universe.

关键词： Quantum Cosmology Planck Scale Cosmological Constant Black Holes Holographic Principle Flat Space Cosmology AdS-CFT ER = EPR Cosmology Model

The Origin of Quarks in Quantum Gravity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第8期15卷 1229-1245页

作者： Edwin eugene Klingman Cybernetic Micro Systems Inc. San Gregorio USA

A theory of quantum gravity has recently been developed by the author based on the concept that all forces converge to one at the moment of Creation. This primordial field can only interact with itself, as no other field exists, contrasting with the Standard Model of Particle Physics in which each elementary particle is an excitation in its own quantum field. The primordial field theory of quantum gravity has produced a model of a fermion with a mass gap, ½-integral spin, discrete charge, and magnetic moment. The mass gap is based on an existence theorem that is anchored in Yang-Mills, while Calabi-Yau anchors ½-integral spin, with charge and magnetic moment based on duality. Based on N-windings, this work is here extended to encompass fractional charge, with the result applied to quarks, yielding fermion mass and charge in agreement with experiment and novel size correlations and a unique quantum gravity-based ontological understanding of quarks.

关键词： Duality Calabi-Yau Topology Fermion Charge Primordial Field Self-Interaction Equations Yang-Mills Gravity Quantum Gravity Ontology of Quarks

Upsilon Constants and Their Usefulness in Planck Scale Quantum Cosmology

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第2期15卷 167-173页

作者： eugene Terry Tatum Independent Researcher Bowling Green Kentucky USA

This paper introduces the two Upsilon constants to the reader. Their usefulness is described with respect to acting as coupling constants between the CMB temperature and the Hubble constant. In addition, this paper summarizes the current state of quantum cosmology with respect to the Flat Space Cosmology (FSC) model. Although the FSC quantum cosmology formulae were published in 2018, they are only rearrangements and substitutions of the other assumptions into the original FSC Hubble temperature formula. In a real sense, this temperature formula was the first quantum cosmology formula developed since Hawking’s black hole temperature formula. A recent development in the last month proves that the FSC Hubble temperature formula can be derived from the Stephan-Boltzmann law. Thus, this Hubble temperature formula effectively unites some quantum developments with the general relativity model inherent in FSC. More progress towards unification in the near-future is expected.

关键词： Quantum Cosmology Hubble Constant Planck Scale Upsilon Constant Flat Space Cosmology Black Holes CMB Temperature ΛCDM Cosmology Quantum Gravity Unification

Calabi-Yau Topology of Primordial Fermions

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第1期15卷 132-158页

作者： Edwin eugene Klingman Cybernetic Micro Systems Inc. San Gregorio CA USA

Quantum field theory creates fermions via abstract operators exciting abstract fields, with a specific field for each type of specific particle. This operator algebra lends itself well to quantum statistics, nevertheless, our physical understanding of this process is nonintuitive at best. In this paper we analyze the creation of fermions from primordial gauge field quantum gravity loops in the context of Calabi-Yau manifold theory. I extend a prior mass-gap treatment based on Yang-Mills gauge theory of higher order self-interaction to include the half-integral spin of fermions.

关键词： Calabi-Yau Topology Fermion Spin Particle Genesis Primordial Field Self-Interaction Equations Yang-Mills Gravity

Artificial Intelligence as a Check on Logic

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第9期12卷 3148-3162页

作者： Edwin eugene Klingman Cybernetic Micro Systems Inc. San Gregorio USA

Math and physics proceed from assumptions to conclusions via a logical path. Artificial intelligence possesses the ability to follow logic, herein specifically applied to the problem of defining ontologically real 2D manifolds in a 3D continuum. Vortices and tori in fluids exhibit effective 2D surfaces, which, treated as manifolds, allow application of calculus on the boundaries of the structures. Recent papers in primordial field theory (PFT) have employed Calabi-Yau geometry and topology to develop a fermion structure. We desire a logical justification of this application and herein explore the use of artificial intelligence to assist in logic verification. A proof is outlined by the author and formalized by the AI.

关键词： AI Calabi-Yau Yang-Mills Perfect Fluid Fermion Structure Manifold 3D Continuum

The Origin of Electric Charge in Quantum Gravity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第4期15卷 511-535页

作者： Edwin eugene Klingman Cybernetic Micro Systems Inc. San Gregorio CA USA

A model fermion has been produced in a theory of quantum gravity that establishes the existence of a mass gap and half-integral spin. The third requirement for the fermion is electric charge. We herein develop a dualism-based analysis that explains the origin of charge at the fermion scale in a primordial field theory of quantum gravity.

关键词： Duality Topology Parallel Transport Particle Genesis Primordial Field Self-Interaction Equations Yang-Mills Gravity