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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 1-12页

作者： Sarah Joanne Christine Whitfield Jane Elizabeth Risdall Gareth Griffiths ethel diane williamson Alun James Carter Department of Biomedical Sciences Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Porton Down Wiltshire UK Department of Anaesthesia University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Department of Medicine Washington University St. Louis Missouri USA

Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) is considered a potential biological weapon. It is toxic by both inhalation and ingestion. Effects of ingestion include fever, vomiting and diarrhoea, while inhalation may additionally result in chest pain, dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema and respiratory failure. Severe exposure may be fatal and treatment relies on symptomatic support. At a cellular level, SEB up-regulates T-cell proliferation leading to a pathological inflammatory response. Deguelin, a rotenoid isolated from the African plant Mundulea sericea (Leguminosae), has been shown to reduce cellular proliferation by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathway. Using isolated murine splenocytes, we have demonstrated that treatment with deguelin reduces SEB inducing T cell proliferation by 60%. Deguelin treatment also decreased IL-2 and CCL2 secretion by splenocytes exposed to SEB. We demonstrate that targeting cellular proliferation can significantly reduce inflammation after SEB exposure and suggest that anti-proliferatives may have a role as potential generic medical counter measures if superantigens are used as biological weapons.

关键词： Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Deguelin Therapy Inflammation Biological Weapon

Hypergonadotrophic Hypogonadism with Cerebellar Ataxia in a Twenty-Six-Year-Old Female: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第1期14卷 83-90页

作者： Bibiana I. Oti Geoffrey Okorie Peter Chime ethel Chime Birinus Ezeala-Adikaibe Casmir Orjioke Fintan Ekochin Michael C. Abonyi Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria

Gordon Holmes Syndrome is a rare inherited disease characterized by both neurological and reproductive signs and symptoms. Most patients develop neurologic challenges in early adulthood and cerebellar ataxia occurs as the disease progresses. In the majority of patients, hypogonadism is hypogonadotropic but rarely hypergonadotropic. We report a case of a 26-year-old female in Nigeria, with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and cerebellar atrophy from a non-consanguineous marriage and no family history.

关键词： Gordon Holmes Syndrome Hypergonadotrophic Hypogonadism Cerebellar Ataxia Neuroendocrine Disorder

Genetic and Agronomic Parameter Estimates of Growth, Yield and Related Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilization

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 274-291页

作者： Prince Emmanuel Norman Lansana Kamara Aloysius Beah Kelvin Sahr Gborie Francess Sia Saquee Sheku Alfred Kanu Fayia Augustine Kassoh Yvonne Sylvia Gloria ethel Norman Abdul Salaam Kargbo Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI) Freetown Sierra Leone School of Agriculture Njala University Njala Campus Njala Sierra Leone School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Campus Njala Sierra Leone Department of Agro Biotechnology Institute of Agriculture RUDN University Moscow Russia Faculty of Development Agriculture & Natural Resources Management Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone Kenema Sierra Leone

This study evaluated the genetic and agronomic parameter estimates of maize under different nitrogen rates. The trial was established at the Njala Agricultural Research Centre experimental site during 2021 and 2022 in a split block design with three maize varieties (IWCD2, 2009EVDT, and DMR-ESR-Yellow) and seven nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 kg∙N∙ha−1) rates. Findings showed that cob diameter and anthesis silking time (ASI) had intermediate heritability, ASI had high genetic advance, ASI and grain yield had high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), while traits with high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were plant height, ASI, grain yield, number of kernel per cob, number of kernel rows, ear length, and ear height. The PCV values were higher than GCV, indicating the influence of the environment in the studied traits. Nitrogen rates and variety significantly (p −1 plots exhibiting the lowest and highest grain yields of 1238 kg∙ha−1 and 2098 kg∙ha−1, respectively. Variety and nitrogen effects on partial factor productivity (PFPN), agronomic efficiency (AEN), net returns (NR), value cost ratio (VCR) and marginal return (MR) indicated that these parameters were significantly affected (p N (41.3 kg grain kg−1∙N) and AEN (29.4 kg grain kg−1∙N) were obtained in the 30 kg∙N∙ha−1 plots, while the highest VCR (2.8) and MR (SLL 1.8 SLL−1 spent on N) were obtained in the 180 kg∙N∙ha−1. The significant influence of variety and nitrogen on traits suggests that increasing yields and maximizing profits require use of appropriate nitrogen fe

关键词： Nitrogen Rates Genetic and Agronomic Estimates Introduced Genotypes Grain Yield Zea mays

Third-line and rescue therapy for refractory Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第2期29卷 390-409页

作者： Pedro Vieira de Moraes Andrade Yan Mosca Monteiro ethel Zimberg Chehter Department of Gastroenterology Faculdade de Medicina do ABCSanto André09060-650SPBrazil

BACKGROUND Due to increasing resistance rates of Helicobacter pylori(***)to different antibiotics,failures in eradication therapies are becoming more *** though eradication criteria and treatment algorithms for first-line and second-line therapy against *** infection are well-established,there is no clear recommendation for third-line and rescue therapy in refractory *** *** To perform a systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of rescue therapies against refractory *** *** A systematic search of available rescue treatments for refractory *** infection was conducted on the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed search platform based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses *** or non-randomized clinical trials and observational studies evaluating the effectiveness of *** infection rescue therapies were *** Twenty-eight studies were included in the analysis of mean eradication rates as rescue therapy,and 21 of these were selected for analysis of mean eradication rate as third-line *** rifabutin-,sitafloxacin-,levofloxacin-,or metronidazole-based triple-therapy as third-line treatment,mean eradication rates of 81.6%and 84.4%,79.4%and 81.5%,55.7%and 60.6%,and 62.0%and 63.0%were found in intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analysis,*** third-line quadruple therapy,mean eradication rates of 69.2%and 72.1%were found for bismuth quadruple therapy(BQT),88.9%and 90.9%for bismuth quadruple therapy,three-in-one,Pylera®(BQT-Pylera),and 61.3%and 64.2%for non-BQT)in ITT and PP analysis,*** rifabutin-,sitafloxacin-,levofloxacin-,or metronidazole-based triple therapy as rescue therapy,mean eradication rates of 75.4%and 78.8%,79.4 and 81.5%,55.7%and 60.6%,and 62.0%and 63.0%were found in ITT and PP analysis,*** quadruple therapy as rescue treatment,mean eradication rates of 76.7%and 79.2%for BQT,

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Refractory infection Third-line therapy Rescue therapy Eradication Treatment

Building an interoperable space for smart agriculture

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第1期9卷 183-193页

作者： Ioanna Roussaki Kevin Doolin Antonio Skarmeta George Routis Juan Antonio Lopez-Morales ethel Claffey Manuel Mora Juan Antonio Martinez Institute of Communications and Computer Systems AthensGreece Walton Institute WaterfordIreland Department of Information and Communications Engineering University of MurciaMurciaSpain School of Business Waterford Institute of TechnologyWaterfordIreland R&D Department Odin SolutionsMurciaSpain

The digital transformation in agriculture introduces new challenges in terms of data,knowledge and technology adoption due to critical interoperability issues,and also challenges regarding the identification of the most suitable data sources to be exploited and the information models that must be ***(Building an Interoperable,Data-Driven,Innovative and Sustainable European Agri-Food Sector)addresses these challenges by providing an overarching solution that integrates various heterogeneous hardware and software resources(e.g.,devices,networks,platforms)and enables the seamless sharing of data and knowledge throughout the agri-food *** paper introduces the main concepts of DEMETER and its reference architecture to address the data sharing and interoperability needs of farmers,which is validated via two rounds of 20 large-scale pilots along the DEMETER *** paper elaborates on the two pilots carried out in region of Murcia in Spain,which target the arable crops sector and demonstrate the benefits of the deployed DEMETER reference architecture.

关键词： Smart agriculture Internet of things(IoT) DEMETER Reference architecture Interoperability Agricultural information model(AIM) Pilot validation

Airway Obstruction: Clinical Analysis of Cases in a Tertiary Hospital

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022年第12期12卷 312-321页

作者： Jones Ndubuisi Nwosu ethel Nkechi Chime Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigera

Background: Acute upper airway obstruction is a life-threatening emergency that requires urgent evaluation and precise action to save life. It is the most crucial and dramatic emergency faced in otorhinolaryngology (ORL) practice, and occurs in both the old and young, male and female. Purpose: The study was aimed to analyze cases of acute upper airway obstruction seen in our tertiary Hospital over a decade and half, to ascertain the number of patients, their ages and sexes, causes and interventions. Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria from January 2007 to December 2021. The charts and records of the patients were reviewed to extract the required data which were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Two hundred and ninety one (291) cases of acute upper airway obstruction were studied. There were 200 (68.73%) males and 91 (31.27%) females, ratio 2.20:1.00. Their ages ranged from 1 day (0.002739 years) to 88 years, with a mean of 30.61 ± 26.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 27.53 to 33.68 and median of 29. Children were 132 (45.36%) and adults 159 (54.64%). Causes of obstruction were many and varied, and included: congenital, trauma, infection, inflammation, neoplasm and others. Tracheostomy was the main surgical airway intervention. Conclusion: Incidence of acute upper airway obstruction was common and involved both the old and young, male and female, with varied causes. Vigilance and caution need be taken for early presentation and precise intervention offered to mitigate morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Airway Obstruction Acute Clinical Analysis

津巴布韦哈拉雷集群学校教师在ECD级别教授轻度智障学习者时面临的挑战

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津巴布韦哈拉雷集群学校教师在ECD级别教授轻度智障学习者时面临...

作者： CHIKUMBA ZVISINEI ethel 东北师范大学

学位级别：硕士

本研究旨在探讨津巴布韦哈拉雷城市群的小学教师在教授只有儿童早期发展水平的轻度智力障碍学生时所面临的挑战。目的是确定教师面临的挑战,并探索教师教授轻度智力障碍学习者的方式。文献综述显示,在常规课堂上处理轻度智力障碍儿童时... 详细信息

本研究旨在探讨津巴布韦哈拉雷城市群的小学教师在教授只有儿童早期发展水平的轻度智力障碍学生时所面临的挑战。目的是确定教师面临的挑战,并探索教师教授轻度智力障碍学习者的方式。文献综述显示,在常规课堂上处理轻度智力障碍儿童时,教师面临诸多困难。本研究采用混合研究方法来收集数据。采用描述性研究设计来确定小学教师在教授轻度智力障碍学生时面临的挑战,并评估教师可以用来加强相应教学和学习过程的策略。研究对象包括哈拉雷的儿童早期发展教师和校长,使用目的性抽样技术和分层随机抽样来选择研究样本。并且使用了两种数据收集工具来收集实地数据,即针对儿童早期发展教师的结构化问卷和针对校长的半结构化访谈。研究结果表明,资源和政策的缺乏对教师执行针对轻度智力障碍学生的教学实践产生了不利影响。并且得出研究结论,即社会和政府的优先事项错位,以及对配备教师处理轻度智力障碍学生的重要性的认识不足,是教师在教授只有儿童早期发展水平的轻度智力障碍学生时面临挑战的主要原因。本研究表明,教师的能力、专业知识和技能以及师生比例对于确定教学方法来说至关重要。小步骤策略对于解决教师在儿童早期发展水平上教授轻度智力障碍学习者所面临的挑战是必不可少的。

关键词：神经发育问题轻度智力障碍和儿童早期发展

Clinical Presentations of Lassa Fever in Non-Endemic Parts of the World: A Systematic Review

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第9期13卷 415-427页

作者： ethel Nkechi Chime Peter Ekpunobi Chime Basil Chukwuemeka Ezeanolue Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Otorhinolaryngology Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Background: Lassa fever cases outside Africa are seen as imported cases of Lassa fever. Timely diagnosis of imported Lassa fever is important for timely intervention necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with Lassa fever, and this requires the knowledge of the clinical manifestations of Lassa fever. Purpose: This review was done to see how clinical diagnosis of imported Lassa fever can be facilitated based on the clinical presentations of imported cases of Lassa fever in Lassa fever non-endemic region. Methods: The relevant articles for the review were obtained from the databases of PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: The clinical presentations of the imported Lassa fever cases consisted of multisystem involvement and were similar to those of Lassa fever patients who were treated in the Lassa fever endemic region. Conclusions: History of recent travel to, or residence in, Lassa fever endemic region is an important clue for clinical diagnosis of Lassa fever. The 2011 CDC surveillance case definition and the modified Khan case definition for Lassa fever may aid clinical diagnosis of Lassa fever. Any clinically suspected case of Lassa fever should have a laboratory confirmation.

关键词： Imported Lassa Fever Clinical Features of Lassa Fever Clinical Diagnosis of Lassa Fever

Hearing Loss in Lassa Fever: A Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2022年第11期12卷 239-247页

作者： ethel Nkechi Chime Peter Ekpunobi Chime Jones Ndubuisi Nwosu Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Department of Otorhinolaryngology Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Nigeria

Background: Lassa fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever associated with several complications which include hearing loss. Hearing loss in Lassa fever may become residual with its negative impact on the quality of life. Purpose: This paper is a review of various studies on Lassa fever related hearing loss. Methods: Systematic literature review was done on articles on Lassa fever patients and Lassa fever survivors. Relevant articles published in English between 1969 and 2021 were searched for using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Eight studies which met the inclusion criteria were finally selected and included in the review. The variables of interest were extracted from the full-text articles. Results: Lassa fever related hearing loss occurs in both sexes and in all age groups. The incidence of self-reported hearing loss ranged from 12.5% to 30% with a mean of 17.6%. The incidence of audiometrically determined sensorineural hearing loss ranged from 13.5% to 29% with a mean of 22.1%. Hearing loss persisted in 64% of those that were followed up. Cases of hearing loss varied in severity, ranging from mild to profound. No successful specific treatment for Lassa fever related hearing loss was reported apart from hearing rehabilitation. Conclusion: Hearing loss among Lassa fever patients remains a major challenge. Lack of effective treatment for Lassa fever related hearing loss is a serious gap in the management of Lassa fever patients which should be addressed in future research.

关键词： Hearing Loss Hearing Impairment Lassa Fever

Vocal Cord Paralysis Secondary to Carotid Artery Dissection: A Case Report

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第3期10卷 8-12页

作者： ethel Nkechi Chime Peter Ekpunobi Chime John C. Eze Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria Department of Otorhinolaryngology Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu Nigeria Cardiothoracic Unit Department of Surgery University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus Ituku-Ozalla Enugu State Nigeria

Background and Objective: Vocal cord paralysis results in impairment of breathing and/or speech. One of the causes of vocal cord paralysis is the disruption of vagus nerve innervation to the vocal cords by the mass effect of a neighbouring structure. We report a rare case of vocal cord paralysis secondary to internal carotid artery dissection. Method: The diagnosis was based on clinical history, physical examination and imaging studies. Literature review was done. Case Report: This was a 53-year-old female with a history of unremitting, progressive hoarseness and mild dysphagia to liquid, who was clinically found to have impaired left vocal cord mobility, a left-sided pulsatile neck mass and left carotid artery dissection based on imaging studies. Symptoms abated after conservative treatment with Aspirin and she has remained symptom free since two years of follow-up. Conclusion: Vocal cord paralysis can be a consequence of carotid artery dissection causing mass effect on the vagus nerve. Thus, carotid artery dissection should not be forgotten as a possible cause of vocal cord paralysis in some cases of vocal cord paralysis of uncertain etiology. Treatment with anti-platelet drug can bring about resolution of symptoms and return of vocal cord mobility.

关键词： Vocal Cord Paralysis Internal Carotid Artery Dissection/Aneurysm