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Vaccine Hesitancy—A Persistant Pandemic and Continued Threat to Global Health

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第3期11卷 64-72页

作者： ethan Ayaan Mir Centennial High School Corona CA USA

Last time the world faced a deadly pandemic was the H1N1 Spanish flu in 1918, which affected almost one third of the world’s population (500 million people). Since then, almost 100 years later, we are now facing another pandemic of the SARS-CoV2 virus (Covid-19), which is still endemic to this day. As technology evolved during those 100 years, an effective vaccine for Covid-19 was produced within only a year, a huge feat. But, unfortunately, due to its fast development, another force would arise limiting the impact of the vaccine: Vacccine hesitancy and anti-vaxxers, which John Hopkins and the World Health Organization call the biggest current threat to global health. From politics to social media, it is clear that there has been a rapid spread of misinformation, resulting in hesitancy, especially from sociopolitically motivated people popularly referred to as antivaccers. However, a second group of vaccine-hesitant people have also emerged, who are uneducated and remain undecided about vaccination mostly due to safety concerns. They come under the massive influence of anti-vaxxers and anti-vaccine propaganda through social media and politicians, which often make bold claims and huge headlines. To combat vaccine hesitancy, it is crucial that we debunk these conspiracy theories and misinformation that so many believe in, with factual, data-based information. Actively spreading correct information about the vaccines, such as disclosing the rigorous developmental processes and validation of safety data by the FDA, assurance for unlikeliness of getting a lethal side effect along with tremendous health benefits, will encourage people to safe vaccination against Covid-19 and other potentially infectious diseases in future. This article discusses the role of anti-vaxxers and vaccine hesitancy groups, electronic social media, and politics in vaccine hesitancy among people. It describes the strategies to combat the roadblocks in the vaccination programs and health benefits,

关键词： Vaccine Vaccine Hesitancy Anti-vaxxers Pandemic Covid-19 Social Media Politics

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Antioxidant proteins TSA and PAG interact synergistically with Presenilin to modulate Notch signaling in Drosophila

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Protein & Cell 2011年第7期2卷 554-563页

作者： Michael F.Wangler Lawrence T.Reiter Georgianna Zimm Jennifer Trimble-Morgan Jane Wu ethan Bier Department of Biology University of California at San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of MedicineOne Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Neurology University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN 38163USA Saddleback College 28000 Marguerite ParkwayMission ViejoCalifornia 92692USA Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611USA

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)pathogenesis is characterized by senile plaques in the brain and evidence of oxidative *** stress may precede plaque formation in AD;however,the link between oxidative damage and plaque formation remains *** are transmembrane proteins in which mutations lead to accelerated plaque formation and early-onset familial Alzheimer’s *** physically interact with two antioxidant enzymes thiol-specific antioxidant(TSA)and proliferation-associated gene(PAG)of the peroxiredoxin *** functional consequences of these interactions are *** the current study we expressed a presenilin transgene in Drosophila wing and sensory organ precursors of the *** caused phenotypes typical of Notch signaling loss-of-function *** found that while expression of TSA or PAG alone produced no phenotype,co-expression of TSA and PAG with presenilin led to an enhanced Notch loss-offunction *** phenotype was more severe and more penetrant than that caused by the expression of Psn *** order to determine whether these phenotypes were indeed affecting Notch signaling,this experiment was performed in a genetic background carrying an activated Notch(Abruptex)*** phenotypes were almost completely rescued by this activated Notch *** results link peroxiredoxins with the in vivo function of Presenilin,which ultimately connects two key pathogenetic mechanisms in AD,namely,antioxidant activity and plaque formation,and raises the possibility of a role for peroxiredoxin family members in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis.

关键词： Presenilin Alzheimer’s disease peroxiredoxin Notch

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Efficacy of minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy for completion thyroidectomy

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2021年第1期4卷 14-18页

作者： ethan Frank Joshua Park Christopher Vuong Lydia Kore Alfred Simental Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Loma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCA92354USA Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma LindaCA92350USA

Objective:Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy(MIVAT)is among the most common alternatives to conventional open *** reports have shown it to be safe and effective in patients without neck surgery ***,this contraindication has been called into question in more recent small *** study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MIVAT in patients with prior neck ***:We retrospectively reviewed the data of 178 patients who underwent completion thyroidectomy in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at Loma Linda University Medical Center between July 2004 and July *** were divided into MIVAT group and Conventional group based on method of surgery,and analysis with two sample tests of proportions was carried out as ***:Patients in MIVAT group had significantly shorter operative time(74.1±26.4 min vs.99.0±49.3 min,p<0.001),less estimated blood loss(19.5±15.0 mL vs.39.0±65.9 mL,p¼0.002),smaller incision size(3.5±1.1 cm vs.6.2±2.2 cm,p<0.001),and a lighter thyroid weight(7.5±5.2 g vs.20.5±31.1 g,p<0.001).The average length of stay was a half day longer,and post-operative admission was higher(78.8%vs.51.7%,p¼0.005)in MIVAT group,while most was for routine 23-hour observation(63.6%vs.35.9%,p¼0.009).There were no differences in ***:MIVAT is feasible for re-operative patients with equivalent or superior outcomes to those of conventional thyroidectomy,and no significant difference in the incidences of common postoperative complications.

关键词： Thyroidectomy Minimally invasive surgery Reoperation

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Imaging traumatic facial nerve injuries:a narrative review of current strategies and future directions for cranial nerve imaging

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2023年第1期10卷 155-163页

作者： Néha Datta ethan Fung Adam Hatala Brooks Melnyk Erika Bradley Department of Otolaryngology Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNY 13210USA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA

Traumatic facial nerve injuries can result in temporary or permanent loss of *** of facial expression may occur spontaneously or require surgical *** thorough examination and history can localize the site of facial nerve damage,it can be difficult to predict if and when recovery will *** is salient because the window for optimal outcomes from surgical re-neurotization can be as short as 1 to 2 years,after which functional loss may be *** is essential to offer patients the most appropriate treatment plan based on prognosis,and imaging plays an essential role in localizing the site and morphology of nerve *** imaging modalities have been used to evaluate the facial nerve,including computed tomography(CT)and,more recently,advanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and ultrasound(US).CT and MRI are more commonly implemented;however,Diffusion tensor tractography,high-resolution US,and functional US are gaining traction for studying cranial nerve *** recently,the morphology of facial nerve and other cranial nerve injuries could only be inferred using non-invasive diagnostic *** the advent of newer imaging technologies and techniques to examine nerves,more refined assessment and prognostic information is now *** article reviews up-to-date cranial nerve imaging techniques from the last ten years and explores future avenues for facial nerve imaging.

关键词： Facial nerve cranial nerve trauma ultrasound high-resolution imaging facial palsy magnetic resonance imaging peripheral nerve

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Polymeric biomaterials for biophotonic applications

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Bioactive Materials 2018年第4期3卷 434-445页

作者： Dingying Shan ethan Gerhard Chenji Zhang John William Tierney Daniel Xie Zhiwen Liu Jian Yang Department of Biomedical Engineering Materials Research InstituteThe Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Department of Electrical Engineering Materials Research InstituteThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering and ComputingUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29201USA Assumption College School WinsorONCanada

With the growing importance of optical techniques in medical diagnosis and treatment,there exists a pressing need to develop and optimize materials platform for biophotonic ***,the design of biocompatible and biodegradable materials with desired optical,mechanical,chemical,and biological properties is required to enable clinically relevant biophotonic devices for translating in vitro optical techniques into in situ and in vivo *** technological trend propels the development of natural and synthetic polymeric biomaterials to replace traditional brittle,nondegradable silica glass based optical *** this review,we present an overview of the advances in polymeric optical material development,optical device design and fabrication techniques,and the accompanying applications to imaging,sensing and phototherapy.

关键词： Biophotonics Biomaterials Imaging Sensing Phototherapy

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Eight decades of compositional change in a managed northern hardwood landscape

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 398-410页

作者： Mark J.Ducey Olivia L.Fraser Mariko Yamasaki ethan P.Belair William B.Leak University of New Hampshire Department of Natural Resources and the Environment114 James HallDurhamNH03824USA U.S.D.A.Forest Service White Mountain National Forest71 White Mountain DriveCamptonNH03223USA U.S.D.A.Forest Service Northern Research Station271 Mast RoadDurhamNH03824USA The Nature Conservancy Natural Climate SolutionsAfrica Regional Portland Office45 Exchange StSuite 303PortlandME04101USA

We analyzed over 8 decades of change in forest composition(represented by species proportion of basal area)and size class from more than 400 permanent plots located on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New *** data represent one of the longest-term landscape-scale records of forest change based on permanent plots in North *** analyzed the plots based on elevation class,land type indicating assumed successional direction(grouped into coniferous and deciduous),and inventory period within managed and unmanaged portions of the *** ongoing shift from small-to large-diameter stems is clear across all species,in response to the overall aging of the forest following exploitative harvesting in the 19th *** compositional changes include a continuing decline in shade-intolerant species(paper birch and aspen),along with the mid-tolerant yellow *** increase in red maple abundance through the early 1990s has leveled off or *** shade-tolerant species,increases in beech and red spruce were largely consistent with assumed land type on unmanaged plots,but heavy marking against diseased beech on managed plots restricted increase of that *** maple declined in abundance except where silvicultural intervention helped maintain *** contrast,eastern hemlock showed a continuing expansion at all elevations below 600 *** data continue to show little or no evidence of upward migration of species,despite evidence of recent regional change in ***,the BEF is poised for substantial changes when emerald ash borer and hemlock woolly adelgid,both of which are known to infest nearby areas,do arrive.

关键词： Northern hardwoods Succession Stand dynamics Silviculture

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Word Puzzle

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小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2024年第9期 38-45页

作者： Celine ethan Lin 不详

剧情简介故事发生在19世纪的法国。菲丽西(Felicie)自幼失去了父母,在孤儿院长大。在那里,她和“小发明家”维克托(Victor)相识,成了好朋友。菲丽西一直有一个梦想,那就是成为一名真正的芭蕾舞者。不过,如果一直困在孤儿院的高墙之内,... 详细信息

剧情简介故事发生在19世纪的法国。菲丽西(Felicie)自幼失去了父母,在孤儿院长大。在那里,她和“小发明家”维克托(Victor)相识,成了好朋友。菲丽西一直有一个梦想,那就是成为一名真正的芭蕾舞者。不过,如果一直困在孤儿院的高墙之内,她的愿望或许将永远无法实现。

关键词： Word 孤儿院维克托发明家 19世纪

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Altered vasoactive intestinal peptides expression in irritable bowel syndrome patients and rats with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第1期21卷 155-163页

作者： Arseima Y Del Valle-Pinero LeeAnne B Sherwin ethan M Anderson Robert M Caudle Wendy A Henderson Digestive Disorders Unit Biobehavioral BranchDivision of Intramural ResearchNational Institute of Nursing ResearchNational Institutes of HealthDepartment of Health and Human ServicesBethesdaMD 20892United States Department of Neuroscience University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Florida College of DentistryGainesvilleFL 32610United States

AIM: To investigate the vasoactive intestinal peptides(VIP) expression in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS) induced ***: The VIP gene expression and protein plasma levels were measured in adult participants(45.8% male) who met Rome Ⅲ criteria for IBS for longer than 6 mo and in a rat model of colitis as induced by *** and colons were collected from naive and inflamed *** assessing inflammation(i.e.,weight changes and myeloperoxidase levels) were assessed on days 2,7,14 and 28 and compared to *** hypersensitivity of the rats was assessed with colo-rectal distension and mechanical threshold testing on hind *** patients(n = 12) were age,gender,race,and BMI-matched with healthy controls(n = 12).Peripheral whole blood and plasma from fasting participants was collected and VIP plasma levels were assayed using a VIP peptide-enzyme *** gene expression of VIP was analyzed using a custom PCR ***: TNBS induced colitis in the rats was confirmed with weight loss(13.7 ± 3.2 g) and increased myeloperoxidase *** hypersensitivity tocolo-rectal distension was increased in TNBS treated rats up to 21 d and resolved by day *** hypersensitivity was also increased up to 14 d post TNBS induction of *** expression of an inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase was significantly elevated in the intracellular granules of neutrophils in rat models following TNBS treatment compared to naive *** confirmed the induction of inflammation in rats following TNBS *** plasma concentration was significantly increased in rats following TNBS treatment as compared to naive animals(P < 0.05).Likewise,the VIP gene expression from peripheral whole blood was significantly upregulated by 2.91-fold in IBS patients when compared to controls(P < 0.00001; 95%CI).VIP plasma protein was not significantly different when compared with controls(P = 0.193).CONCLUSION: Alterat

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Vasoactive intestinal pep

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A modular microfluidic platform to study how fluid shear stress alters estrogen receptor phenotype in ER+breast cancer cells

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 287-299页

作者： Braulio Andrés Ortega Quesada Jonathan Cuccia Rachael Coates Blake Nassar ethan Littlefield Elizabeth C.Martin Adam T.Melvin Cain Department of Chemical Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department Medicine Section Hematology and Medical OncologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70118USA

Metastatic breast cancer leads to poor prognoses and worse outcomes in patients due to its invasive behavior and poor response to *** is still unclear what biophysical and biochemical factors drive this more aggressive phenotype in metastatic cancer;however recent studies have suggested that exposure to fluid shear stress in the vasculature could cause *** this study a modular microfluidic platform capable of mimicking the magnitude of fluid shear stress(FSS)found in human vasculature was designed and *** device provides a platform to evaluate the effects of FSS on MCF-7 cell line,an estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast cancer cell line,during circulation in the *** of the effects of FSS on MCF-7 cells was carried out utilizing two approaches:single cell analysis and bulk *** single cell analysis,cells were trapped in a microarray after exiting the serpentine channel and followed by immunostaining on the device(on-chip).Bulk analysis was performed after cells were collected in a microtube at the outlet of the microfluidic serpentine channel for western blotting(off-chip).It was found that cells exposed to an FSS magnitude of 10 dyn/cm^(2) with a residence time of 60 s enhanced expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in the MCF-7 cell line at a single cell *** understand possible mechanisms for enhanced Ki67 expression,on-chip and off-chip analyses were performed for pro-growth and survival pathways ERK,AKT,and JAK/*** demonstrated that after shearing the cells phosphorylation of p-AKT,p-mTOR,and p-STAT3 were ***,there was no change in p-ERK1/*** is a mediator of ER rapid signaling,analysis of phosphorylated ERαwas carried out and no significant differences between sheared and non-sheared populations were *** together these results demonstrate that FSS can increase phosphorylation of proteins associated with a more aggressive phenotype in circulating cancer *** findin

关键词： fluid breast estrogen

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Effect of angioembolisation versus surgical packing on mortality in traumatic pelvic haemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第2期9卷 85-92页

作者： Ahmed El Muntasar ethan Toner Oddai A.Alkhazaaleh Danaradja Arumugam Nikhil Shah Shahab Hajibandeh Shahin Hajibandeh Department of General Surgery Royal Blackburn Hospital Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics WrightingtonWigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust Department of General Surgery Salford Royal Hospital Department of General Surgery North Manchester General Hospital

BACKGROUND: The management of complex pattern of bleeding associated with pelvic trauma remains a big challenge for trauma surgeons. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to compare the outcomes of angioembolisation and pelvic packing in patients with pelvic ***: We conducted a systematic search of electronic information sources, including MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; the CENTRAL; the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry; Clinical ***; ISRCTN Register, and bibliographic reference lists. The primary outcome was defined as mortality. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using randomeffects models. Results are reported as the odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS: We identified 3 observational studies reporting a total of 120 patients undergoing angioembolisation(n=60) or pelvic packing(n=60) for pelvic trauma. Reporting of the Injury Severity Score(ISS) was variable, with higher ISS in the pelvic packing group. The risk of bias was low in two studies, and moderate in one. The pooled analysis demonstrated that angioembolisation did not significantly reduce mortality in patients with pelvic trauma compared to surgery(OR=1.99; 95% CI= 0.83–4.78, P=0.12). There was mild between-study heterogeneity(I^2=0%, P=0.65).CONCLUSION: Our analysis found no significant difference in mortality between angioembolisation and pelvic packing in patients with traumatic pelvic haemorrhage. The current level of evidence in this context is very limited and insufficient to support the superiority of a treatment modality. Future research is required.

关键词： Pelvic trauma Pelvic packing Angiography Embolisation

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