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Nat Biotechnol:将人星形胶质细胞重编程为多巴胺能神经元,有助治疗帕金森病

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第17期17卷 I0003-I0004页

作者： Pia Rivetti di Val Cervo, Elisa Martín-Montañez, Enrique M Toledo, Gioele La Manno, Sara Padrell Sánchez, Sten Linnarsson ernest arenas Roman A Romanov, Christian Pifl Tibor Harkany Roman A Romanov, Giada Spigolon, Débora Masini, Michael Feyder, Tibor Harkany Gilberto Fisone Elisa Martín-Montañez Yi-Han Ng Marius Wernig Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Department of Molecular Neurosciences Center for Brain Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA) Malaga University Malaga Spain Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University Stanford California USA.

帕金森病是一种主要影响运动系统的神经退行性疾病。它的特征在于大脑中的多巴胺能神经元（dopaminergic neuron）渐进性丧失。尽管当前的疗法旨在补充多巴胺水平，但是没有一种疗法能够恢复这些丢失的细胞。如今。在一项新的研究中，... 详细信息

帕金森病是一种主要影响运动系统的神经退行性疾病。它的特征在于大脑中的多巴胺能神经元（dopaminergic neuron）渐进性丧失。尽管当前的疗法旨在补充多巴胺水平，但是没有一种疗法能够恢复这些丢失的细胞。如今。在一项新的研究中，来自瑞典、奥地利、西班牙和美国的研究人员开发出一种方法：将神经胶质细胞（glialcell）转化为活性的多巴胺能神经元，并且所产生的多巴胺能神经元能够部分恢复帕金森病模式小鼠的运动功能。这项概念验证研究可能为开发出一种治疗这种疾病的新方法铺平道路。

关键词：多巴胺能神经元星形胶质细胞帕金森病治疗神经退行性疾病 Nat 重编程神经胶质细胞

Non-conventional humanitarian interventions on Ebola outbreak crisis in West Africa: health, ethics and legal implications

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 386-396,385页

作者： ernest Tambo Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience Wits 21st Century InstituteFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Center for Sustainable Malaria Control Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Preventionand the WHO Collaborating Centre on MalariaSchistosomiasis and FilariasisShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Facultédes Sciences Biomédicales et Pharmaceutiques Universitédes MontagnesBangangtéRépublique du Cameroun

Due to the lack of Ebola outbreak early warning alert,preparedness,surveillance and response systems,the most deadly,complex and largest ever seen Ebola war has been devastating West African *** unparalleled Ebola tsunami has prompted interrogations into,and uncertainties about,the effectiveness and efficiency of national,regional and international community’s illed-responses using conventional humanitarian control and containment approaches and *** late humanitarian and local non-government organisations emergency responses and challenges to curb transmission dynamics and stop the ongoing spread in the Ebola outbreak in West Africa have led to an unprecedented toll of 14,413 reported Ebola cases in eight countries since the outbreak began,with 5,177 reported deaths including 571 health-care workers and 325 died as 14 November *** indications the need of further evaluation of monitoring as substantial proportion of infections outside the context of Ebola epicentres,Ebola health centres treatment and care,infection prevention and control quality assurance checks in these *** the same time,exhaustive efforts should target ensuring an sufficient supply of optimal personal protective equipment(PPE)to all Ebola treatment facilities,along with the provision of training and relevant guidelines to limit to the minimum possible level of *** continent hosts a big proportion of the world’s wealth,yet its people live in abject poverty,with governments unable to feed and govern them effectively,and who are condemned to endure even darker moments with the Ebola outbreak in West *** of practical and operational non-conventional emergency response models efficient health systems,and tailored programmes can clearly support to prevent,control and eventually stamp out Ebola geo-distribution in addition to population mental health services that are requisite to address the massive range of the health,socio-psychological a

关键词： Non-conventional Response Ethics Legal Ebola Humanitarian crisis Africa

The impact of dielectrics on the electrical capacity, concentration, efficiency ozone generation for the plasma reactor with mesh electrodes

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第8期20卷 89-95页

作者： ernest GNAPOWSKI Sebastian GNAPOWSKI Jaroslaw PYTKA University College of Enterprise and Administration in Lublin Bursaki 12 20-150 Lublin Poland Fundamentals of Technology Faculty Lublin University of Technology ul. Nadbystrzycka 38 20-618 Lublin Poland Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Lublin University of Technology ul. Nadbystrzycka 36 20-618 Lublin Poland

This paper presents experimental results concerning the effect of dielectric type on ozone concentration and the efficiency of its generation in plasma reactor with two mesh *** types of dielectric solid were used in the study; glass, micanite and Kapton insulating foil. The experiments were conducted for voltage ranges from 2.3 to 13 k V. A plasma reactor equipped with two 0.3×0.3 mm^2 mesh electrodes made of acid resistant AISI 304 mesh was used in the experiments. The influence of the dielectric type on the concentration and efficiency of ozone generation was described. The resulting maximum concentration of the ozone was about 2.70–9.30 g O3 m^-3, depending on the dielectrics used. The difference between the maximum and the minimum ozone concentration depends on the dielectric used,this accounts for 70% at the variance. The reactor capacity has also been described in the paper; total Ct and dielectric capacitance Cd depending on the dielectric used and its thickness.

关键词： ozone generation efficiency dielectric mesh electrode ozone generator electrical capacity

Building-Back-Better in Post-Disaster Recovery: Lessons Learnt from Cyclone Idai-Induced Floods in Zimbabwe

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第5期12卷 700-712页

作者： ernest Dube Gayan Wedawatta Kanchana Ginige Department of Development Sciences Faculty of Agribusiness and EntrepreneurshipMarondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology(MUAST)Marondera.Zimbabwe Department of Civil Engineering School of Infrastructure and Sustainable EngineeringAston UniversityBirmingham B47ET.UK Department of Architecture and Built Environment Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE48STUK

This study evaluated the build-back-better considerations in post-disaster recovery,following the devastation of Chipinge and Chimanimani communities by Cyclone Idai-induced floods in *** in 2020,the study assessed the impact of Cyclone Idai-induced floods on communities in Chipinge and Chimanimani Districts of Zimbabwe;evaluated the build-back-better considerations;and analyzed the lessons *** on a qualitative approach and case study design,the study depended on focus group discussions,interviews,and researcher observations to gather data from 85 *** findings indicate that Cyclone Idai-induced floods seriously impacted human lives,infrastructure,and livelihoods of communities that had been living with flood risk and ***-back-better considerations were absent in much of the post-disaster recovery effort to address the cyclone disaster *** are important early lessons for both practitioners and community members to learn from the Cyclone Idai *** lessons still can inform policy and disaster risk reduction practice in the medium and long ***-back-better should be a mandatory objective in the recovery from any disaster *** training is also recommended to improve the disaster knowledge of stakeholders and increase local ability to cope with future disaster events.

关键词： Build-back-better Cyclone Idai Flood hazard Post-disaster recovery Zimbabwe

PROXIMAL-PROXIMAL-GRADIENT METHOD

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2019年第6期37卷 778-812页

作者： ernest K.Ryu Wotao Yin Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

In this paper,we present the proximal-proximal-gradient method(PPG),a novel optimization method that is simple to implement and simple to *** generalizes the proximal-gradient method and ADMM and is applicable to minimization problems written as a sum of many differentiable and many non-differentiable convex *** non-differentiable functions can be *** furthermore present a related stochastic variation,which we call stochastic PPG(S-PPG).S-PPG can be interpreted as a generalization of Finito and MISO over to the sum of many coupled non-differentiable convex *** present many applications that can benefit from PPG and S-PPG and prove convergence for both *** demonstrate the empirical effectiveness of both methods through experiments on a CUDA GPU.A key strength of PPG and S-PPG is,compared to existing methods,their ability to directly handle a large sum of non-differentiable nonseparable functions with a constant stepsize independent of the number of *** non-diminishing stepsizes allows them to be fast.

关键词： Proximal-gradient ADMM Finito MISO SAGA Operator splitting Firstorder methods Distributed optimization Stochastic optimization Almost sure convergence linear convergence

Acquired immunity and asymptomatic reservoir impact on frontline and airport ebola outbreak syndromic surveillance and response

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 375-384,374页

作者： ernest Tambo Zhou Xiao-Nong Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience School of Medical Sciences&School of Public HealthUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute of Parasitic DiseasesShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria Schistosomiasis and FilariasisKey Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyMinistry of HealthShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Département de Biochimie et Science Pharmaceutiques Universitédes MontagnesBagangtéRépublique du Cameroun

The number of surveillance networks for infectious disease diagnosis and response has been *** 2000,the World Health Organization(WHO)established the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network,which has been endorsed by each of the 46 WHO African members since ***,taming the dynamics and plague of the vicious Ebola virus disease(EVD)in African countries has been patchy and erratic due to inadequate surveillance and contact tracing,community defiance and resistance,a lack of detection and response systems,meager/weak knowledge and information on the disease,inadequacies in protective materials protocols,contact tracing nightmare and differing priorities at various levels of the public health *** the widespread acceptance of syndromic surveillance(SS)systems,their ability to provide early warning alerts and notifications of outbreaks is still *** is often too limited for any outbreak,or emerging or otherwise unexpected disease,to be recognized at either the community or the national ***,little is known about the role and the interactions between the Ebola infection and exposure to other syndemics and the development of acquired immunity,asymptomatic reservoir,and Ebola *** lessons be learnt from smallpox,polio,and influenza immunity,and can immunization against these serve as a guide?In most endemic countries,community health centers and disease control and prevention at airports solely relies on passive routine immunization control and reactive syndromic *** frontline and airport Ebola SS systems in West Africa have shown deficiencies in terms of responding with an alarming number of case fatalities,and suggest that more detailed insights into Ebola,and proactive actions,are *** quest for effective early indicators(EEE)in shifting the public and global health paradigm requires the development and implementation of a comprehensive and effective community or regional integrated pandemic p

关键词： Immunity Asymptomatic Reservoir Syndromic Surveillance Ebola Response

Role of capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期20卷 1155-1164页

作者： Uri Kopylov ernest G Seidman Division of Gastroenterology McGill University Health Center

Videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) has revolutionized our ability to visualize the small bowel mucosa. This modality is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of obscure small bowel Crohn’s disease (CD), and can also be used for monitoring of disease activity in patients with established small-bowel CD, detection of complications such as obscure bleeding and neoplasms, evaluation of response to anti-inflammatory treatment and postoperative recurrence following small bowel resection. VCE could also be an important tool in the management of patients with unclassified inflammatory bowel disease, potentially resulting in reclassification of these patients as having CD. Reports on postoperative monitoring and evaluation of patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis who have developed pouchitis have recenty been published. Monitoring of colonic inflammatory activity in patients with ulcerative colitis using the recently developed colonic capsule has also been reported. Capsule endoscopy is associated with an excellent safety profile. Although retention risk is increased in patients with small bowel CD, this risk can be significanty decreased by a routine utilization of a dissolvable patency capsule preceding the ingestion of the diagnostic capsule. This paper contains an overview of the current and future clinical applications of capsule endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease.

关键词： Small bowel videocapsule endoscopy, Crohn’ s disease, Pouchitis, Indeterminate inflammatory bowel disease, Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, Patency capsule

Ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry,and biological activities of Cymbopogon citratus(DC.) Stapf extracts

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2015年第5期13卷 321-337页

作者： Christopher E Ekpenyong ernest Akpan Azah Nyoh Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Uyo Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Calabar

Cymbopogon citratus is a widely distributed perennial herb belonging to the Poaceae family and has been extensively consumed for its medicinal,cosmetic,and nutritional effects for centuries.A large number of reports have been published describing the pharmacological,biological,and therapeutic actions of this *** this review,we summarized the literatures on related studies(up to January,2014) that highlighted the pharmacologic and biological effects of the major phytochemicals isolated from *** extracts and its essential *** components of the essential oils found in *** have a similar pharmacokinetic properties,including absorption,distribution,metabolism,and *** are quickly absorbed following oral,pulmonary,and dermal *** on the published reports,it can also be inferred that,after absorption from the small intestine,some phytochemicals in *** can undergo oxidation,glucuronidation,sulfation,and/or *** is through urine,feces and/or expired *** biotransformation reactions of *** bioactive constituents are essential for its relatively safe consumption and therapeutic *** data available so far warrant further studies evaluating *** *** pharmacokinetic data in humans would be critical for a better understanding of the the systemic handling of ***.

关键词： Cymbopogon citratus stapf Phytochemistry Pharmacological effects

Importance of Modeling Heterogeneities and Correlation in Reservoir Properties in Unconventional Formations: Examples of Tight Gas Reservoirs

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Journal of Earth Science 2021年第4期32卷 809-817页

作者： Shengli Li Y.Zee Ma ernest Gomez School of Energy Resources China University of GeoscienceBeijing 100083China Information Solution SchlumbergerDenver CO 80202USA

We present lithofacies classifications for a tight gas sandstone reservoir by analyzing hierarchies of *** use principal component analysis(PCA)to overcome the two level of heterogeneities,which results in a better lithofacies classification than the traditional cutoff *** classical volumetric method is used for estimating oil/gas in-place resources in the petroleum industry since its inception is not accurate because it ignores the heterogeneities of and correlation between the petrophysical *** present the importance and methods of accounting for the heterogeneities of and correlation between petrophysical properties for more accurate hydrocarbon volumetric *** also demonstrate the impacts of modeling the heterogeneities and correlation in porosity and hydrocarbon saturation for hydrocarbon volumetric estimations with a tight sandstone gas ***,geoscientists have traditionally considered that small-scale heterogeneities only impact subsurface fluid flow,but not impact the hydrocarbon resource volumetric *** show the importance of modeling small-scale heterogeneities using fine cell size in reservoir modeling of unconventional resources for accurate resource assessment.

关键词： heterogeneity petrophysical property correlations Simpson’s paradox porosity gas saturation hydrocarbon volumetrics change of support problem